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Microorganisms
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State-of-the-Art Veterinary Microbiology in USA (2023, 2024)
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State-of-the-Art Veterinary Microbiology in USA (2023, 2024)

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 2122

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Paula Cray

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; food borne pathogens; veterinary medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diseases affecting livestock can result in major economic losses and are sources of zoonotic infections among animal handlers and the general public due to the consumption of animal food products. On the global scale, the pig, cattle, sheep, poultry, and aquaculture industries experience lose money as a result of microbial infections, and these infections, some of which are zoonotic, also have deleterious effects on wild animal species.

Companion animals exchange components of their microbial flora and their antimicrobial resistance genes with their owners. We live in a One Health era where, in a shrinking world, increased contact is occurring between wild animals, livestock, and humans, resulting in the transfer of many pathogens, some of which can have global consequences. This relationship also means that many diseases affecting humans and animals must be tackled on a “One Health” basis.

The Special Issue "State-of-the-Art Veterinary Microbiology in USA (2023, 2024)" of Microorganisms accepts original research and review articles covering the basic and applied areas of veterinary microbiology, microbial infections, and antimicrobial resistance.

Prof. Dr. Paula Cray
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • poultry diseases
  • pig diseases
  • cattle diseases
  • sheep and goat diseases
  • companion animals
  • laboratory animal diseases
  • AMR in animals
  • One Health
  • zoonotic infectious disease
  • animal models of infectious diseases
  • veterinary epidemiology
  • microbial virulence
  • pathology
  • animal microbiome
  • diagnosis and surveillance
  • immune response to infection in animals
  • vaccination novel approaches to infection control
  • probiotics and prebiotics
  • exotic disease and diseases in zoological gardens

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3821 KiB  
Article
Phenotypic Characterization and Draft Genome Sequence Analyses of Two Novel Endospore-Forming Sporosarcina spp. Isolated from Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) Feces
by Jitendra Keshri, Kristina M. Smith, Molly K. Svendsen, Haley R. Keillor, Madeline L. Moss, Haley J. Jordan, Abigail M. Larkin, Johnna K. Garrish, John Eric Line, Patrick N. Ball, Brian B. Oakley and Bruce S. Seal
Microorganisms 2024, 12(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010070 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 937
Abstract
In an attempt to isolate new probiotic bacteria, two Gram-variable, spore-forming, rod-shaped aerobic bacteria designated as strain A4 and A15 were isolated from the feces of Canada geese (Branta canadensis). Strain A4 was able to grow in high salt levels and [...] Read more.
In an attempt to isolate new probiotic bacteria, two Gram-variable, spore-forming, rod-shaped aerobic bacteria designated as strain A4 and A15 were isolated from the feces of Canada geese (Branta canadensis). Strain A4 was able to grow in high salt levels and exhibited lipase activity, while A15 did not propagate under these conditions. Both were positive for starch hydrolysis, and they inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The strains of the 16S rRNA sequence shared only 94% similarity to previously identified Sporosarcina spp. The ANI (78.08%) and AAI (82.35%) between the two strains were less than the species threshold. Searches for the most similar genomes using the Mash/Minhash algorithm showed the nearest genome to strain A4 and A15 as Sporosarcina sp. P13 (distance of 21%) and S. newyorkensis (distance of 17%), respectively. Sporosarcina spp. strains A4 and A15 contain urease genes, and a fibronectin-binding protein gene indicates that these bacteria may bind to eukaryotic cells in host gastrointestinal tracts. Phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with low dDDH, ANI, and AAI values for strains A4 and A15, indicate these bacteria are two novel isolates of the Sporosarcina genus: Sporosarcina sp. A4 sp. nov., type strain as Sporosarcina cascadiensis and Sporosarcina sp. A15 sp. nov., type strain Sporosarcina obsidiansis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Veterinary Microbiology in USA (2023, 2024))
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16 pages, 3376 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Three New Outer Membrane Adhesion Proteins in Fusobacterium necrophorum
by Prabha K. Bista, Deepti Pillai and Sanjeev K. Narayanan
Microorganisms 2023, 11(12), 2968; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11122968 - 12 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 958
Abstract
Fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobic Gram-negative pathogen, causes necrotic cattle infections, impacting livestock health and the US feedlot industry. Antibiotic administration is the mainstay for treating F. necrophorum infections, although resistance hampers their effectiveness. Vaccination, especially targeting outer membrane proteins (OMPs) due to their [...] Read more.
Fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobic Gram-negative pathogen, causes necrotic cattle infections, impacting livestock health and the US feedlot industry. Antibiotic administration is the mainstay for treating F. necrophorum infections, although resistance hampers their effectiveness. Vaccination, especially targeting outer membrane proteins (OMPs) due to their antigenic properties and host specificity, offers an alternative to antibiotics. This study identified high-binding-affinity adhesion proteins from F. necrophorum using binding and pull-down assays with bovine adrenal gland endothelial cells (EJG). Four OMP candidates (17.5 kDa/OmpH, 22.7 kDa/OmpA, 66.3 kDa/cell surface protein (CSP), and a previously characterized 43 kDa OMP) were expressed as recombinant proteins and purified. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to recombinant OMPs were generated, and their ability to inhibit bacterial binding in vitro was assessed. The results show that treatment with individual polyclonal antibodies against 43 kDa significantly inhibited bacterial adhesion, while other antibodies were less potent. However, combinations of two or more antibodies showed a more prominent inhibitory effect on host-cell adhesion. Thus, our findings suggest that the identified OMPs are involved in fusobacterial attachment to host cells and may have the potential to be leveraged in combination for vaccine development. Future in vivo studies are needed to validate their roles and test the feasibility of an OMP-based subunit vaccine against fusobacterial infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Veterinary Microbiology in USA (2023, 2024))
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