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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Strategies to Promote Optimal Antimicrobial Use and Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance
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Strategies to Promote Optimal Antimicrobial Use and Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 3266

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Amy Hai Yan Chan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Interests: antimicrobial use; antimicrobial resistance; public health; strategies
Dr. Gigi Lim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Interests: antimicrobial use; antimicrobial resistance; public health; strategies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat driven by the unnecessary and inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Although there is increasing research on antimicrobial use and AMR, little is known about strategies to promote optimal antimicrobial use and reduce AMR rates amongst different populations.

This Special Issue "Strategies to promote optimal antimicrobial use and reduce antimicrobial resistance " explores the strategies that exist to promote optimal antimicrobial use and reduce AMR, and how different factors may affect antimicrobial use and/or how resistance differs between different groups. All research articles and reviews on this subject are welcome.

Dr. Amy Hai Yan Chan
Dr. Gigi Lim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial use
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • public health
  • strategies

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 597 KiB  
Article
The Use of Mefenoxam to Treat Cutaneous and Gastrointestinal Pythiosis in Dogs: A Retrospective Study
by Phillip Billings, Stuart Walton, Justin Shmalberg and Domenico Santoro
Microorganisms 2023, 11(7), 1726; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071726 - 30 Jun 2023
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Abstract
Pythium insidiosum, an aquatic oomycete with pathogenic potential in mammals, causes gastrointestinal and cutaneous disease in dogs. Mefenoxam, an agricultural anti-oomycotic compound, has a demonstrated the ability to inhibit P. insidiosum growth in vitro and has been associated with efficacy in treating [...] Read more.
Pythium insidiosum, an aquatic oomycete with pathogenic potential in mammals, causes gastrointestinal and cutaneous disease in dogs. Mefenoxam, an agricultural anti-oomycotic compound, has a demonstrated the ability to inhibit P. insidiosum growth in vitro and has been associated with efficacy in treating gastrointestinal pythiosis in several case reports. Electronic medical records of dogs seen at University of Florida Small Animal Hospital and treated with mefenoxam between 2013 and 2020 were searched. Dogs were included in this study upon previous definitive diagnosis with either organism identification using culture, PCR, or antibody ELISA, or a combination of these tests with or without supportive histopathological analysis. Since 2013, mefenoxam had been administered to 25 dogs with cutaneous pythiosis and 16 dogs with gastrointestinal pythiosis. In both gastrointestinal and cutaneous pythiosis groups, the administration of mefenoxam was associated with a survivability rate of approximately 51%. There was a statistically significant difference in the time to death between cutaneous (245 days (52–530)) and gastrointestinal (90 days (21–203)) groups; dogs infected with cutaneous pythiosis survived significantly longer after being diagnosed with the disease (p = 0.035). The dogs in this study experienced increased survival rates and time to death, in the absence of side effects due to mefenoxam, compared with previously published literature. The results of this retrospective study, with some limitations, are promising and should prompt further investigation into the use of mefenoxam in the treatment of both gastrointestinal and cutaneous pythiosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies to Promote Optimal Antimicrobial Use and Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance)
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11 pages, 1199 KiB  
Communication
Cost-Effectiveness of Short Course of Ceftazidime/Avibactam for K. pneumoniae-KPC Bloodstream Infections in Italy
by Ilaria De Benedetto, Nour Shbaklo, Costanza Vicentini, Carla Maria Zotti, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa and Silvia Corcione
Microorganisms 2023, 11(5), 1102; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051102 - 23 Apr 2023
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Abstract
Background: Evidence has shown that short courses of antibiotic therapy are at least as effective as long courses with better clinical outcomes. CAZ/AVI has demonstrated its clinical efficacy in treating K. pneumoniae-KPC infections. Methods: We conducted an analysis based on the real-life [...] Read more.
Background: Evidence has shown that short courses of antibiotic therapy are at least as effective as long courses with better clinical outcomes. CAZ/AVI has demonstrated its clinical efficacy in treating K. pneumoniae-KPC infections. Methods: We conducted an analysis based on the real-life data of our ten years retrospective cohort to assess the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of a short course of CAZ/AVI plus source control compared to a long course plus source control. A Markov model was structured. Patient transition between health states was modeled, each transition has a probability, and each state has a cost and a utility. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were obtained by dividing the difference in costs by the difference in utilities between the two courses. Input parameter uncertainty was investigated through sensitivity analysis. We launched 1000 Monte Carlo simulations by iteratively perturbing variables within estimated variation ranges, obtaining an ICER result for each simulation. Results: In the first model (old appropriate treatment), a short course of treatment was associated with reduced costs per patient per year of €4818.60 and reduced effects (0.10 QALYs), compared to a long course. In the CAZ/AVI model, the short course was associated with increased costs of €1297.9 and with increased effects (0.04 QALYs), resulting in an ICER of €32,317.82 per QALY gained, below the WTP threshold of €40,000. Conclusions: Our findings highlight additional evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of CAZ/AVI for policy-makers. We outline that CAZ/AVI could be cost-effective compared to old appropriate antibiotic therapies for KPC-Kp BSI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies to Promote Optimal Antimicrobial Use and Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance)
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