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Micromachines
Special Issues
Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing
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Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "E：Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2020) | Viewed by 22586

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hany Hassanin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Interests: additive manufacturing; design and modelling; nanotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Khamis Essa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Interests: digital manufacturing; advanced manufacturing technologies; biomedical materials; material and process interaction; process and material behaviours; finite-element modelling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Additive manufacturing (AM), one of the key pillars of Industry 4.0, has become an underpinning technology for the global manufacturing sector driven by the introduction of a vast amount of research and interest from aerospace, automotive, biomedical, defence industries. However, there is a need now to look beyond the current technology to a future of creating smart multi-functional products. In this Special Issue, we focus on the next generation of additive manufacturing including the state art of AM, current challenges and new processes and materials. We will cover all aspects of AM manufacturing research including 4D printing, micro AM, hybrid AM, lattices, repair and remanufacturing, modelling, optimisation, post processing techniques, meta materials, functional materials, surface modification, artificial intelligent, materials characterization, scaling up, process integration, and education. We invite researchers in AM to contribute original research, reviews, commentaries, perspectives, and future outlooks on related topics. We will also discuss technological breakthroughs and the latest developments in the formats of both short communications and full papers. The goal of this Special Issue is to invite the research community by addressing the current progress of next generation of additive manufacturing will make a greater impact in our society.

Dr. Hany Hassanin
Dr. Khamis Essa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Additive manufacturing
  • 4D printing
  • Hybrid manufacturing
  • Artificial intelligent
  • Micro additive manufacturing
  • Nanotechnology
  • Functional materials
  • Modelling
  • Meta materials
  • Lattices

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 14666 KiB  
Article
4D Printing of NiTi Auxetic Structure with Improved Ballistic Performance
by Hany Hassanin, Alessandro Abena, Mahmoud Ahmed Elsayed and Khamis Essa
Micromachines 2020, 11(8), 745; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11080745 - 31 Jul 2020
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 3964
Abstract
Auxetic structures have attracted attention in energy absorption applications owing to their improved shear modulus and enhanced resistance to indentation. On the other hand, four-dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging technology that is capable of 3D printing smart materials with additional functionality. This [...] Read more.
Auxetic structures have attracted attention in energy absorption applications owing to their improved shear modulus and enhanced resistance to indentation. On the other hand, four-dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging technology that is capable of 3D printing smart materials with additional functionality. This paper introduces the development of a NiTi negative-Poisson’s-ratio structure with superelasticity/shape memory capabilities for improved ballistic applications. An analytical model was initially used to optimize the geometrical parameters of a re-entrant auxetic structure. It was found that the re-entrant auxetic structure with a cell angle of −30° produced the highest Poisson’s ratio of −2.089. The 4D printing process using a powder bed fusion system was used to fabricate the optimized NiTi auxetic structure. The measured negative Poisson’s ratio of the fabricated auxetic structure was found in agreement with both the analytical model and the finite element simulation. A finite element model was developed to simulate the dynamic response of the optimized auxetic NiTi structure subjected to different projectile speeds. Three stages of the impact process describing the penetration of the top plate, auxetic structure, and bottom plate have been identified. The results show that the optimized auxetic structures affect the dynamic response of the projectile by getting denser toward the impact location. This helped to improve the energy absorbed per unit mass of the NiTi auxetic structure to about two times higher than that of the solid NiTi plate and five times higher than that of the solid conventional steel plate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing)
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22 pages, 7538 KiB  
Article
Topology Optimization for FDM Parts Considering the Hybrid Deposition Path Pattern
by Shuzhi Xu, Jiaqi Huang, Jikai Liu and Yongsheng Ma
Micromachines 2020, 11(8), 709; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11080709 - 22 Jul 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2527
Abstract
Based on a solid orthotropic material with penalization (SOMP) and a double smoothing and projection (DSP) approach, this work proposes a methodology to find an optimal structure design which takes the hybrid deposition path (HDP) pattern and the anisotropic material properties into consideration. [...] Read more.
Based on a solid orthotropic material with penalization (SOMP) and a double smoothing and projection (DSP) approach, this work proposes a methodology to find an optimal structure design which takes the hybrid deposition path (HDP) pattern and the anisotropic material properties into consideration. The optimized structure consists of a boundary layer and a substrate. The substrate domain is assumed to be filled with unidirectional zig-zag deposition paths and customized infill patterns, while the boundary is made by the contour offset deposition paths. This HDP is the most commonly employed path pattern for the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. A critical derivative of the sensitivity analysis is presented in this paper, which ensures the optimality of the final design solutions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through several 2D numerical examples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing)
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16 pages, 31179 KiB  
Article
Novel Hybrid Manufacturing Process of CM247LC and Multi-Material Blisks
by Xiqian Wang, Luke N. Carter, Nicholas J. E. Adkins, Khamis Essa and Moataz M. Attallah
Micromachines 2020, 11(5), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11050492 - 12 May 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3038
Abstract
The study on CM247LC used the traditional approach for Near-Netshape Hot Isostatic Pressing (NNSHIP) with sacrificial low carbon steel tooling, which was built using Selective Laser Melting (SLM), to produce a shaped CM247LC blisk. The assessment of the microstructure focused on both the [...] Read more.
The study on CM247LC used the traditional approach for Near-Netshape Hot Isostatic Pressing (NNSHIP) with sacrificial low carbon steel tooling, which was built using Selective Laser Melting (SLM), to produce a shaped CM247LC blisk. The assessment of the microstructure focused on both the exterior components in order to determine the depth of the Fe-diffusion layer and on the interior microstructure. Samples were extracted from the Hot Isostatic Pressed (HIPped) components for tensile testing at both room and elevated temperatures. The components were scanned to assess the geometrical shrinkages due to Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPping). An oversized blisk was also produced based on the measurements as a demonstrator component. In addition, a further study was carried out on a novel idea that used a solid IN718 disk in the centre of the blisk to create a multi-material component. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing)
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Review

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20 pages, 2916 KiB  
Review
Path Planning Strategies to Optimize Accuracy, Quality, Build Time and Material Use in Additive Manufacturing: A Review
by Jingchao Jiang and Yongsheng Ma
Micromachines 2020, 11(7), 633; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11070633 - 28 Jun 2020
Cited by 182 | Viewed by 12495
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process of joining materials layer by layer to fabricate products based on 3D models. Due to the layer-by-layer nature of AM, parts with complex geometries, integrated assemblies, customized geometry or multifunctional designs can now be manufactured more easily [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process of joining materials layer by layer to fabricate products based on 3D models. Due to the layer-by-layer nature of AM, parts with complex geometries, integrated assemblies, customized geometry or multifunctional designs can now be manufactured more easily than traditional subtractive manufacturing. Path planning in AM is an important step in the process of manufacturing products. The final fabricated qualities, properties, etc., will be different when using different path strategies, even using the same AM machine and process parameters. Currently, increasing research studies have been published on path planning strategies with different aims. Due to the rapid development of path planning in AM and various newly proposed strategies, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on this topic. Therefore, this paper gives a comprehensive understanding of the current status and challenges of AM path planning. This paper reviews and discusses path planning strategies in three categories: improving printed qualities, saving materials/time and achieving objective printed properties. The main findings of this review include: new path planning strategies can be developed by combining some of the strategies in literature with better performance; a path planning platform can be developed to help select the most suitable path planning strategy with required properties; research on path planning considering energy consumption can be carried out in the future; a benchmark model for testing the performance of path planning strategies can be designed; the trade-off among different fabricated properties can be considered as a factor in future path planning design processes; and lastly, machine learning can be a powerful tool to further improve path planning strategies in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing)
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