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Micromachines
Special Issues
Biomedical Applications of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials
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Biomedical Applications of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B：Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2018) | Viewed by 30059

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vinay Bhardwaj

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
Interests: nanostructures; novel methods; nanotechnology for biomedical applications; smart devices; nano-carriers for drug delivery; personalized nano-medicine; electrochemical biosensor; nano-enabled sensor; wearable sensor for point-of-care application; BioMEMS and micro/nano fabrication systems; theoritical and simulation aspects
Dr. Ajeet Kaushik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Arts & Mathematics (SAM), Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805-8531, USA
Interests: functional materials; polymers; sensors; biosensors; nanomedicine drug delivery systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the advent of nanotechnology, there has been a tremendous growth in this field of nano-bio-technology. In fact, numerous products introduced into the market are based on nano-bio-technology and are useful to environment monitoring, rapid diagnostics, diseases monitoring, diseases management, and personalized health care. The ultimate aim of this approach is to make a better and healthier tomorrow for everybody. Remarkable advancement in nanoscience and nanotechnology is the foundation and motivation to promote next-generation research from the laboratory to the field. Nano-enabled research has made technology with improved performances, especially easy operation and affordable. Aiming to develop novel nano-platforms of desired properties, appreciated efforts are made continuously via adopting unique metrologies.

In this Special Issue, we aim to cover a wide range of nano-enabled systems and related biomedical applications in the field of biomedical science, including, but not limited to, the nano-thin-films and nanostructures of polymers, metals, their hybrids, etc. We invite submissions that cover a wide range of nanotechnology applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, biomedical science, and environmental science. Accordingly, we invite researchers working on nanotechnology subjects, from academia and industries, to submit full-length research papers, short communication, and review articles to meet the goal of this Special Issue on nanotechnology and nanomaterials.

Dr. Ajeet Kaushik
Dr. Vinay Bhardwaj
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nanoscience and nanotechnology

  • Smart nanostructures

  • Smart devices

  • Nano-enabled systems

  • Nanomedicine

  • Imaging agents

  • Nano-Therapeutic agents

  • Biosensors

  • Gas sensors

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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144 KiB  
Editorial
Biomedical Applications of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials
by Vinay Bhardwaj and Ajeet Kaushik
Micromachines 2017, 8(10), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi8100298 - 02 Oct 2017
Cited by 48 | Viewed by 6024
Abstract
The spurring growth and clinical adoption of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in medicine, i.e. “nanomedicine”, to shape global health care system is a collective effort that comprises academia research, industrial drive, and political and financial support from government.[...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials)

Research

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14 pages, 45964 KiB  
Article
Matrix Effect Study and Immunoassay Detection Using Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Biosensor
by Jianbo Sun and Yuxin Liu
Micromachines 2018, 9(4), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9040142 - 23 Mar 2018
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4663
Abstract
Significant progress has been made on the development of electrolyte-gated graphene field effect transistor (EGGFET) biosensors over the last decade, yet they are still in the stage of proof-of-concept. In this work, we studied the electrolyte matrix effects, including its composition, pH and [...] Read more.
Significant progress has been made on the development of electrolyte-gated graphene field effect transistor (EGGFET) biosensors over the last decade, yet they are still in the stage of proof-of-concept. In this work, we studied the electrolyte matrix effects, including its composition, pH and ionic strength, and demonstrate that variations in electrolyte matrices have a significant impact on the Fermi level of the graphene channel and the sensitivity of the EGGFET biosensors. This is attributed to the polarization-induced interaction between the electrolyte and the graphene at the interface which can lead to considerable modulation of the Fermi level of the graphene channel. As a result, the response of the EGGFET biosensors is susceptible to the matrix effect which might lead to high uncertainty or even false results. Then, an EGGFET immunoassay is presented which aims to allow good regulation of the matrix effect. The multichannel design allows in-situ calibration with negative control, as well as statistical validation of the measurement results. Its performance is demonstrated by the detection of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) from serum. The detection range is estimated to be around 2–50 nM with a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 20% and the recovery rate for IgG detection is around 85–95%. Compared with traditional immunoassay techniques, the EGGFET immunoassay is label-free and ready to be integrated with microfluidics sensor platforms, suggesting its great prospect for point-of-care applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials)
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4252 KiB  
Article
A Method to Encapsulate Small Organic Molecules in Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Based on the Supramolecular Chemistry of Cyclodextrin
by Zhongming Zhu, Feng Li, Fei Zhong, Kang Zhai, Wei Tao and Gengyun Sun
Micromachines 2017, 8(10), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi8100291 - 27 Sep 2017
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5713
Abstract
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CPNPs) encapsulating small organic molecules, such as imaging agents and drugs, are considered to be ideal devices for cancer diagnosis or therapy. However, it is generally difficult to encapsulate small organic molecules in CPNPs because of the lack of solubility [...] Read more.
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CPNPs) encapsulating small organic molecules, such as imaging agents and drugs, are considered to be ideal devices for cancer diagnosis or therapy. However, it is generally difficult to encapsulate small organic molecules in CPNPs because of the lack of solubility in water or binding affinity to calcium phosphate. To solve these issues, we utilized the carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) to increase the solubility and binding affinity to small organic molecules for the encapsulation into CPNPs in this work. The results indicated that the model molecules, hydrophilic rhodamine B (RB) and hydrophobic docetaxel (Dtxl), are successfully encapsulated into CPNPs with the assistance of CM-β-CD. We also demonstrated the CPNPs could be remarkably internalized into A549 cells, resulting in the efficient inhibition of tumor cells’ growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials)
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Review

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29 pages, 1892 KiB  
Review
Nanostructure-Enabled and Macromolecule-Grafted Surfaces for Biomedical Applications
by Madeline Small, Addison Faglie, Alexandra J. Craig, Martha Pieper, Vivian E. Fernand Narcisse, Pierre F. Neuenschwander and Shih-Feng Chou
Micromachines 2018, 9(5), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9050243 - 17 May 2018
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5529
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have enabled the development of functional biomaterials with surface properties that reduce the rate of the device rejection in injectable and implantable biomaterials. In addition, the surface of biomaterials can be functionalized with macromolecules for stimuli-responsive purposes to [...] Read more.
Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have enabled the development of functional biomaterials with surface properties that reduce the rate of the device rejection in injectable and implantable biomaterials. In addition, the surface of biomaterials can be functionalized with macromolecules for stimuli-responsive purposes to improve the efficacy and effectiveness in drug release applications. Furthermore, macromolecule-grafted surfaces exhibit a hierarchical nanostructure that mimics nanotextured surfaces for the promotion of cellular responses in tissue engineering. Owing to these unique properties, this review focuses on the grafting of macromolecules on the surfaces of various biomaterials (e.g., films, fibers, hydrogels, and etc.) to create nanostructure-enabled and macromolecule-grafted surfaces for biomedical applications, such as thrombosis prevention and wound healing. The macromolecule-modified surfaces can be treated as a functional device that either passively inhibits adverse effects from injectable and implantable devices or actively delivers biological agents that are locally based on proper stimulation. In this review, several methods are discussed to enable the surface of biomaterials to be used for further grafting of macromolecules. In addition, we review surface-modified films (coatings) and fibers with respect to several biomedical applications. Our review provides a scientific update on the current achievements and future trends of nanostructure-enabled and macromolecule-grafted surfaces in biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials)
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1466 KiB  
Review
Stroke Management: An Emerging Role of Nanotechnology
by Deepaneeta Sarmah, Jackson Saraf, Harpreet Kaur, Kanta Pravalika, Rakesh Kumar Tekade, Anupom Borah, Kiran Kalia, Kunjan R. Dave and Pallab Bhattacharya
Micromachines 2017, 8(9), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi8090262 - 28 Aug 2017
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 7085
Abstract
Stroke is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Stroke incidences and associated mortality are expected to rise to 23 million and 7.8 million, respectively, by 2030. Further, the aging population, imbalanced lifestyles, and environmental factors continue to shift the rate [...] Read more.
Stroke is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Stroke incidences and associated mortality are expected to rise to 23 million and 7.8 million, respectively, by 2030. Further, the aging population, imbalanced lifestyles, and environmental factors continue to shift the rate of stroke incidence, particularly in developing countries. There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic approaches for treating stroke. Nanotechnology is a growing field, offering an encouraging future prospect for medical research in the management of strokes. The world market for nanotechnology derived products is expected to rise manyfold in the coming decades. Different types of nanomaterials such as perfluorocarbon nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanospheres, etc. have been developed for the diagnosis as well as therapy of strokes. Today, nanotechnology has also been integrated with stem cell therapy for treating stroke. However several obstacles remain to be overcome when using such nanomaterials for treating stroke and other neurological diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials)
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