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Metals
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Advanced Surface Modification Technologies
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Advanced Surface Modification Technologies

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2019) | Viewed by 24079

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Young-Sik Pyun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Fusion Science and Technology, Sun Moon University, Asan 336708, Republic of Korea
Interests: wear; friction; fatigue; rolling contact fatigue strength; surface engineering/technology; surface modification; UNSM (ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification); SCC (stress corrosion cracking) ASME Code Case for Nuclear Power Engineering; additive manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Hitoshi Soyama

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Director of Center for Surface Modification Engineering, Department of Fine Mechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Interests: surface modification engineering; cavitation shotless peening; cavitation erosion; cavitation peening; residual stress; micro strain
Prof. Seetha Ramaiah Mannava

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Director of Ohio Center for Laser Shock Processing for Advanced Materials and Devices, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 412-B Rhodes Hall, PO BOX 210072, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
Interests: surface enhancement, physical metallurgy, mechanical behavior of materials, corrosion and materials characterization, laser shock processing
Prof. Vijay K. Vasudevan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Herman Schneider Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Dr, Room 501B ERC, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0072, USA
Interests: surface enhancement, physical metallurgy, laser shock processing, mechanical behavior of materials, corrosion and materials characterization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advanced surface modification technologies, such as laser peening, ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM), cavitation or water jet peening, light plasticity burnishing (LPB), ultrasonic peening, etc., are recently developed technologies that could improve mechanical properties and performance significantly. Extreme performance in terms of wear/friction, corrosion/stress corrosion cracking (SCC), fatigue, rolling contact fatigue, fretting wear, etc., in the aircraft industry, nuclear power industry, biomedical industry, etc., has been achieved by utilizing these technologies.

We invite researchers from around the world to submit original research papers and review articles on the typical advanced surface modification technology and on the improvement in mechanical properties and performance. Moreover, research on the numerical simulation analysis of those surface modifications techniques is also good due to the continuously increasing demands on advanced computer technology. Successful applications in industry, especially to additive manufacturing products, are very welcome.

Prof. Young Sik Pyun
Prof. Hitoshi Soyama
Prof. Seetha Ramaiah Mannava
Prof. Vijay K. Vasudevan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Advanced surface modification technology
  • Cavitation peening
  • Laser peening
  • Water jet peening
  • Light plasticity burnishing
  • Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification
  • Extreme mechanical properties and performance

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 7951 KiB  
Article
Comparison between Shot Peening, Cavitation Peening, and Laser Peening by Observation of Crack Initiation and Crack Growth in Stainless Steel
by Hitoshi Soyama
Metals 2020, 10(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10010063 - 31 Dec 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4591
Abstract
The traditional technique used to modify the surface of a metallic material is shot peening; however, cavitation peening, a more recent technique in which shot is not used, was developed, and improvements in the fatigue strength of metallic materials were demonstrated. In order [...] Read more.
The traditional technique used to modify the surface of a metallic material is shot peening; however, cavitation peening, a more recent technique in which shot is not used, was developed, and improvements in the fatigue strength of metallic materials were demonstrated. In order to compare the fatigue properties introduced by shot peening with those introduced by cavitation peening, crack initiation and crack growth in specimens of austenitic stainless steel (Japanese Industrial Standards JIS SUS316L) treated using these techniques were investigated. With conventional cavitation peening, cavitation is produced by injecting a high speed water jet into water. In the case of submerged laser peening, bubbles are generated using a pulsed laser after laser ablation, and the impact produced when the bubbles collapse is larger than that due to laser ablation. Thus, in this study, cavitation peening using a water jet and submerged laser peening were investigated. To clarify the mechanisms whereby the fatigue strength is improved by these peening techniques, crack initiation and crack growth in specimens with and without treatment were examined by means of a K-decreasing test, where K is the stress intensity factor, and using a constant applied stress test using a load controlled plane bending fatigue tester. It was found that the improvement in crack initiation and the reduction in crack growth were roughly in a linear relationship, even though the specimens were treated using different peening methods. The results presented here show that the fatigue strength of SUS316L treated by these peening techniques is closely related to the reduction in crack growth, rather than crack initiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Surface Modification Technologies)
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11 pages, 5047 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Improvement of the Fatigue Life of Bearings by Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification Technology
by Shirmendagva Darisuren, Jeong-Hyeon Park, Young-Sik Pyun and Auezhan Amanov
Metals 2019, 9(10), 1114; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9101114 - 19 Oct 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3081
Abstract
In this study, the effects of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technology on the fatigue life of needle roller bearings were investigated. The fatigue life of the untreated and UNSM-treated needle roller bearings was evaluated using a roller fatigue tester at various contact [...] Read more.
In this study, the effects of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technology on the fatigue life of needle roller bearings were investigated. The fatigue life of the untreated and UNSM-treated needle roller bearings was evaluated using a roller fatigue tester at various contact stress levels, under oil lubrication conditions. It was found that the fatigue life of the UNSM-treated needle roller bearing was extended by approximately 34.3% in comparison with the untreated one. The results of the surface roughness and surface hardness of the needle roller bearings before and after UNSM technology were compared and discussed in order to understand the role of UNSM technology in improving fatigue life. It was found that the application of UNSM technology to the needle roller bearings can improve their fatigue life by reducing the friction coefficient and increasing the wear resistance, which may be attributed to the reduction in surface roughness from 0.50 µm to 0.15 µm and also the increase in surface hardness from 58 HRC to 62 HRC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Surface Modification Technologies)
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15 pages, 6605 KiB  
Article
Mathematical Model and Verification of Residual Stress Induced by Water Jet Peening
by Zhanshu He, Chao Li, Shusen Zhao, Beibei Cui, Dalei Li, Huixin Yu, Lei Chen and Ting Fu
Metals 2019, 9(9), 936; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9090936 - 27 Aug 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2427
Abstract
The water jet peening (WJP) technology can induce compressive residual stress (RS) in metal surfaces and, thus, improve the fatigue life of components. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed for calculating the RS induced by WJP. To validate the proposed mathematical [...] Read more.
The water jet peening (WJP) technology can induce compressive residual stress (RS) in metal surfaces and, thus, improve the fatigue life of components. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed for calculating the RS induced by WJP. To validate the proposed mathematical model, experimental and finite element simulation verifications were carried out on Al6061-T6. The distribution of RS along the depth direction, the maximum compressive RS, and the depth of the compressive RS layer were also investigated based on the mathematical model. Results showed that the error of maximum compressive RS between the mathematical model and experiment was within 9% under a jet pressure of 60 MPa, and the error of depth of the compressive RS layer between the mathematical model and experiment was within 13% under a jet diameter of 0.3 mm. Hence, the mathematical model is reliable and accurate. The maximum compressive RS increases with the increase in jet pressure, and the depth of the compressive RS layer approximately linearly increases with the increase in jet diameter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Surface Modification Technologies)
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15 pages, 19358 KiB  
Article
Fatigue Life Improvement of the High Strength Steel Welded Joints by Ultrasonic Impact Peening
by Ján Lago, Libor Trško, Michal Jambor, František Nový, Otakar Bokůvka, Miloš Mičian and Filip Pastorek
Metals 2019, 9(6), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9060619 - 28 May 2019
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 3880
Abstract
Ultrasonic impact peening was applied on welded joints manufactured from Strenx 700 MC high strength low alloy steel with the aim to improve the fatigue properties. Three different surface treatment parameters were tested, which resulted in transformation of the near-surface tensile residual stresses [...] Read more.
Ultrasonic impact peening was applied on welded joints manufactured from Strenx 700 MC high strength low alloy steel with the aim to improve the fatigue properties. Three different surface treatment parameters were tested, which resulted in transformation of the near-surface tensile residual stresses in the weld metal and heat affected zone to compressive residual stress field, while maximal values from −400 MPa up to −800 MPa were reached. The highest fatigue life improvement was reached by the double peening with the 85 N contact force, where the fatigue limit for N = 108 cycles increased from 370 MPa to 410 MPa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Surface Modification Technologies)
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Review

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27 pages, 12282 KiB  
Review
Cavitation Peening: A Review
by Hitoshi Soyama
Metals 2020, 10(2), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10020270 - 19 Feb 2020
Cited by 60 | Viewed by 6936
Abstract
The most popular surface modification technology used to enhance the mechanical properties of metallic materials is shot peening. Shot peening improves fatigue life and strength by introducing local plastic deformation pits. However, the pits increase surface roughness, which is a disadvantage for fatigue [...] Read more.
The most popular surface modification technology used to enhance the mechanical properties of metallic materials is shot peening. Shot peening improves fatigue life and strength by introducing local plastic deformation pits. However, the pits increase surface roughness, which is a disadvantage for fatigue properties. Recently, cavitation peening, in which cavitation bubble collapse impacts are used, has been developed as an advanced surface modification technology. The advantage of cavitation peening is the lesser increase in surface roughness compared with shot peening, as no solid collisions occur in cavitation peening. In conventional cavitation peening, cavitation is generated by injecting a high-speed water jet into water. However, cavitation peening is different from water jet peening, in which water column impacts are used. In the present review, to avoid confusing cavitation peening and water jet peening, fundamentals and mechanisms of cavitation peening are described in comparison to water jet peening, and the effects and applications of cavitation peening are reviewed compared with the other peening methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Surface Modification Technologies)
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12 pages, 8162 KiB  
Review
Application of the Advanced Surface Modification Process to the ASME Code Case for Sections III and XI of Nuclear Power Plants
by Sungwoo Cho, Hyun-Uk Hong, Nicholas Mohr, Marc Albert, John Broussard, Auezhan Amanov and Young-Sik Pyun
Metals 2020, 10(2), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10020210 - 01 Feb 2020
Viewed by 2408
Abstract
The advanced surface modification process is known as a promising solution to improve the performance of machine components and systems, especially for vehicles, nuclear power plants, biomedical device, etc. There have been several successful applications of water jet peening and underwater laser peening [...] Read more.
The advanced surface modification process is known as a promising solution to improve the performance of machine components and systems, especially for vehicles, nuclear power plants, biomedical device, etc. There have been several successful applications of water jet peening and underwater laser peening to nuclear components in Japan since 2001 which resulted in inspection and repair cost savings. The prerequisite condition for the application of the advanced surface modification process to nuclear power plants is the approval of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code Case, so performance criteria and requirements (PCRs) in the ASME Code Case for repair and maintenance of nuclear power components are explained. A challenging project to apply advanced surface modification processes, such as ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification and air laser peening to new nuclear power plants and new canisters, was created with the goal to develop a technical basis and the PCRs for ASME Section III (New Manufacturing). The results of this work will be an ASME Section III Code Case which is currently in progress. An initial draft of the new Code Case with the intermediate results of this work is introduced. Four kinds of advanced surface modification processes are explained and compared briefly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Surface Modification Technologies)
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