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Metals
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Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) for Aging Industrial Plant and Infrastructure
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Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) for Aging Industrial Plant and Infrastructure

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Failure Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 21068

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Naoya Kasai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
Interests: nondestructive testing; development of sensor and monitoring system; risk assessment on technical system; material deterioration mechanism; failures and failure modes of materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Every country is currently facing serious issues around aging facilities in industrial plants and aging components of infrastructure. For instance, in Japan, we predict that more than half of our ethylene plants will have surpassed 50 years of operation by 2022. With regard to infrastructure, as the majority of our bridges and tunnels were built in the 1950s to 1960s, it means that our infrastructure is already over 50 years old.

To make a decision about proper maintenance for aging facilities in plants and aging components of infrastructure, the NDE method is a key technology, since it provides important information regarding their material damage, such as the length and the depth of corrosion and cracks. In addition, it is important to marry proper maintenance with reduced cost, including that of the NDE method. 

The aim of this Special Issue is to present the advanced and innovative NDE methods, including through theoretical and experimental studies, and contribute to making a decision for the proper maintenance of aging facilities in industrial plants and aging components of infrastructure. We expect contributions to the Special Issue from scholars and researchers all over the world both in the academic and industrial fields.

Dr. Naoya Kasai
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Infrastructure
  • industrial plant
  • ultrasonic testing
  • magnetic testing
  • radiographic testing
  • eddy current testing
  • acoustic emission testing
  • infrared thermographic testing
  • advanced monitoring technology
  • advanced sensor

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 6996 KiB  
Article
Atmospheric Corrosion Sensor Based on Strain Measurement with Active–Dummy Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
by Nining Purwasih, Hiroki Shinozaki, Shinji Okazaki, Hiroshi Kihira, Yukihisa Kuriyama and Naoya Kasai
Metals 2020, 10(8), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10081076 - 10 Aug 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2547
Abstract
Using the relationship between strain and thickness from the materials theory, this paper presents further development of the atmospheric corrosion sensor based on strain measurement (ACSSM). Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were used to measure strain in this study. The active–dummy method was [...] Read more.
Using the relationship between strain and thickness from the materials theory, this paper presents further development of the atmospheric corrosion sensor based on strain measurement (ACSSM). Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were used to measure strain in this study. The active–dummy method was employed to compensate the effects of environmental temperature drift, with the configuration and position of the active–dummy FBG sensors determined based on simulations conducted using the finite element method (FEM). Hence, the reduction in thickness of low-carbon steel test pieces could be isolated, ensuring accurate characterization of this parameter. Results of practical galvanostatic electrolysis experiments conducted with the FBG sensors in the proposed configuration demonstrated accurate measurement of the reduction in the thickness of a test piece, suggesting that an ACSSM with active–dummy FBG sensors would be appropriate for monitoring of atmospheric corrosion in steel structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) for Aging Industrial Plant and Infrastructure)
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14 pages, 3506 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Ultrasonic Parameters in Characterizing Grain Size and Mechanical Properties of 304L Stainless Steel
by Sungho Choi, Juyoung Ryu, Jae-Seung Kim and Kyung-Young Jhang
Metals 2019, 9(12), 1279; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9121279 - 28 Nov 2019
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4365
Abstract
Ultrasonic nondestructive techniques can be used to characterize grain size and to evaluate mechanical properties of metals more practically than conventional destructive optical metallography and tensile tests. Typical ultrasonic parameters that can be correlated with material properties include ultrasonic velocity, ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, [...] Read more.
Ultrasonic nondestructive techniques can be used to characterize grain size and to evaluate mechanical properties of metals more practically than conventional destructive optical metallography and tensile tests. Typical ultrasonic parameters that can be correlated with material properties include ultrasonic velocity, ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, and nonlinear ultrasonic parameters. In this work, the abilities of these ultrasonic parameters to characterize the grain size and the mechanical properties of 304L stainless steel were evaluated and compared. Heat-treated specimens with different grain sizes were prepared and tested, where grain size ranged from approximately 40 to 300 μm. The measurements of ultrasonic velocity and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient were based on a pulse-echo mode, and the nonlinear ultrasonic parameter was measured based on a through-transmission mode. Grain size, elastic modulus, yield strength, and hardness were measured using conventional destructive methods, and their results were correlated with the results of ultrasonic measurements. The experimental results showed that all the measured ultrasonic parameters correlated well with the average grain size and the mechanical properties of the specimens. The nonlinear ultrasonic parameter provided better sensitivity than the ultrasonic velocity and the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, which suggests that the nonlinear ultrasonic measurement would be more effective in characterizing grain size and mechanical properties than linear ultrasonic measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) for Aging Industrial Plant and Infrastructure)
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11 pages, 4947 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Precipitation Process of a Clad Pipe by the Thermoelectric Potential Technique
by Ricardo Carabes, Héctor Carreón, Maria L. Carreon, Melchor Salazar and Pedro Hernández
Metals 2019, 9(12), 1274; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9121274 - 28 Nov 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1999
Abstract
The article reports a study carried out on metallic samples extracted from a metallurgically bonded clad pipe (API 5L X65 steel-Inconel 825 alloy) subjected to a solution heat treatment at 1200 °C and a subsequent aging treatment at 650 °C for different times [...] Read more.
The article reports a study carried out on metallic samples extracted from a metallurgically bonded clad pipe (API 5L X65 steel-Inconel 825 alloy) subjected to a solution heat treatment at 1200 °C and a subsequent aging treatment at 650 °C for different times in order to promote microstructural changes in thermo-metallurgical bonded materials. The non-destructive thermoelectric potential (TEP) technique was used to monitor microstructure changes due to the artificial aging process. In addition, micro-hardness tests were carried out on the metallic materials and micrographs were obtained by means of an optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The TEP value changed with solution treatment temperature and reached a maximum value for solution treatment at 1200 °C. The changes in TEP during solution treatment were caused by changes in the solubility of the alloying elements. In the artificial aging process, the TEP value decreased with increasing aging time due to the precipitation process, but exhibited distinct characteristics for the different zones at the clad pipe samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) for Aging Industrial Plant and Infrastructure)
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11 pages, 7642 KiB  
Article
A Uniform Eddy Current Probe with a Double-Excitation Coil for Flaw Detection on Aluminium Plates
by Ageng Sadnowo Repelianto, Naoya Kasai, Kouichi Sekino and Masaki Matsunaga
Metals 2019, 9(10), 1116; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9101116 - 19 Oct 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5135
Abstract
In this present study, a new uniform eddy current (UEC) probe with a double-excitation coil and pancake orientation is proposed. It is confirmed that the probe generates a strong magnetic field induction that increases the intensity of uniform eddy currents; moreover, it is [...] Read more.
In this present study, a new uniform eddy current (UEC) probe with a double-excitation coil and pancake orientation is proposed. It is confirmed that the probe generates a strong magnetic field induction that increases the intensity of uniform eddy currents; moreover, it is found to be more efficient in power consumption for excitation using a finite element simulation. Experiments are performed to detect different flaw lengths and depths on an aluminium plate. The flaw signal detected by the probe indicates a high signal-to-noise ratio and increases as a function of flaw depth. The quantitative evaluation of flaws with the proposed UEC probe is achieved based on experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) for Aging Industrial Plant and Infrastructure)
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13 pages, 9939 KiB  
Article
Flaw Detection in Aluminum Plates Using a Rotating Uniform Eddy Current Probe with Two Pairs of Excitation Coils
by Ageng S. Repelianto, Naoya Kasai, Kouichi Sekino, Masaki Matsunaga and Le Q. Trung
Metals 2019, 9(10), 1069; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9101069 - 01 Oct 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3353
Abstract
The use of eddy currents for detecting flaws in specimens is of considerable significance in the industrial sector. In this study, a new design of a rotating uniform eddy current (UEC) probe, termed the rotating butterfly probe, is presented. The probe consists of [...] Read more.
The use of eddy currents for detecting flaws in specimens is of considerable significance in the industrial sector. In this study, a new design of a rotating uniform eddy current (UEC) probe, termed the rotating butterfly probe, is presented. The probe consists of two pairs of excitation coils arranged perpendicular to each other, positioned in two layers, and in a detection coil. The excitation and detection coils were installed the pancake orientation, which provides larger induction and enhances the sensitivity of flaws detection. In addition, to generate a rotating UEC distribution with same amplitude in all directions, the number of turns between first and second layers of the excitation coils and the amplitude of excitation current were arranged. Finite element simulations were conducted to confirm that rotating UEC distribution has the same amplitude in all directions. The experiment with the rotating butterfly probe was then conducted. In the experiment, the measured results with the probe was indicated the self-differential and self-nulling properties. Moreover, the probe was successful in detecting flaws in all directions on an aluminum plate. This attribute can be used for the effective inspection of test pieces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) for Aging Industrial Plant and Infrastructure)
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14 pages, 4697 KiB  
Article
Phase Coherence Imaging for Near-Surface Defects in Rails Using Cross-Correlation of Ultrasonic Diffuse Fields
by Haiyan Zhang, Mintao Shao, Guopeng Fan, Hui Zhang, Wenfa Zhu and Qi Zhu
Metals 2019, 9(8), 868; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9080868 - 08 Aug 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2831
Abstract
In this paper, phase coherence imaging is proposed to improve spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of near-surface defects in rails using cross-correlation of ultrasonic diffuse fields. The direct signals acquired by the phased array are often obscured by nonlinear effects. Thus, the [...] Read more.
In this paper, phase coherence imaging is proposed to improve spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of near-surface defects in rails using cross-correlation of ultrasonic diffuse fields. The direct signals acquired by the phased array are often obscured by nonlinear effects. Thus, the output image processed by conventional post-processing algorithms, like total focus method (TFM), has a blind zone close to the array. To overcome this problem, the diffuse fields, which contain spatial phase correlations, are applied to recover Green’s function. In addition, with the purpose of improving image quality, the Green’s function is further weighted by a special coherent factor, sign coherence factor (SCF), for grating and side lobes suppression. Experiments are conducted on two rails and data acquisition is completed by a commercial 32-element phased array. The quantitative performance comparison of TFM and SCF images is implemented in terms of the array performance indicator (API) and SNR. The results show that the API of SCF is significantly lower than that of TFM. As for SNR, SCF achieved a better SNR than that of TFM. The study in this paper provides an experimental reference for detecting near-surface defects in the rails. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) for Aging Industrial Plant and Infrastructure)
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