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Metals
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Non-ferrous Metal Recycling
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Non-ferrous Metal Recycling

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 8877

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yonggang Wei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
Interests: low-carbon technology in metallurgical process; comprehensive utilization of secondary resources; non-ferrous metal metallurgy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

More than 80% of the elements in the periodic table can be classified as non-ferrous metal. Non-ferrous metals and their alloys, as an important part of modern materials, play an important role in basic materials and strategic materials in economic construction, daily life, national defense industry, and scientific and technological development. In 2020, the global total annual output of non-ferrous metals was around 120 million tons. With the rapid growth in output and demand, resource, energy and environmental issues will become more prominent. To realize the sustainable development of non-ferrous metals, resource recycling is an inevitable choice.

At present, high-grade, easy-to-mine, and easy-to-handle mineral resources tend to deplete. Unfortunately, the mining of non-ferrous metal mineral resources is becoming complicated, and its low grade leads to complex processing, increasing mining and smelting costs, and thereby decreasing economic benefits. The efficient use of secondary resources will, therefore, become the main part of the output of non-ferrous metals in the near future. With the development of the digital age, the iteration of electronic and electrical products is accelerating, resulting in a large amount of electronic waste, rich in valuable metals, such as copper, aluminum, zinc, nickel, cobalt and lead. The recycling of secondary resources, such as scrap metal and electronic waste, is conducive to environmental protection, and can realize resources’ recycling.

The critical issues for non-ferrous metals’ recycling from secondary resources are the complex composition, diversification of metals, difficulty in the separation and purification of metals, and inapplicability of existing mature processes. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the new processes, technologies, equipment, and theories for the efficient recovery of secondary non-ferrous metal resources to promote the development of the circular economy and maintain the ecological balance of metal resources.

Prof. Dr. Yonggang Wei
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Non-ferrous metals
  • Recycling
  • Secondary resources
  • Process
  • Physicochemistry
  • Separation and purification
  • Efficient use
  • Economic benefits

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 7501 KiB  
Article
Migration and Aggregation Behavior of Nickel and Iron in Low Grade Laterite Ore with New Additives
by Yuanbo Wang, Chaoqun Nie, Bo Li and Yonggang Wei
Metals 2021, 11(12), 2033; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11122033 - 15 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1928
Abstract
This study focused on the preparation of high-grade ferronickel concentrate, the behavior of efficient migration and the polymerization of ferronickel particles during reduction roasting, by adding calcium fluoride and a ferronickel concentrate to low-grade laterite ore from Yunnan. The effects of temperature, holding [...] Read more.
This study focused on the preparation of high-grade ferronickel concentrate, the behavior of efficient migration and the polymerization of ferronickel particles during reduction roasting, by adding calcium fluoride and a ferronickel concentrate to low-grade laterite ore from Yunnan. The effects of temperature, holding time, reductant content, ferronickel concentrate content and magnetic field intensity on the preparation of the ferronickel concentrate were studied and the optimum conditions were determined as follows: 30% ferronickel concentrate (metal Ni-4.68%, metal Fe-45.0%), 8% coal, 7% calcium fluoride, reduction temperature of 1250 °C, reduction time of 60 min and the intensity of magnetic separation is 150 mT. The proportion of nickel and iron in ferronickel concentrate was 88.7% (metal Ni-8.62%, metal Fe-80.1%), and the recovery efficiency of nickel and iron are 98.8% and 82.4%, respectively. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicated that ferronickel-concentrate, as an activating agent, improved the aggregation effect of ferronickel particles. The efficient migration and polymerization of ferronickel particles in the ore significantly increased the size of the ferronickel particles with additives, therefore a high-grade ferronickel concentrate was prepared, and the reduction and recovery efficiency of laterite nickel ore was improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-ferrous Metal Recycling)
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14 pages, 1498 KiB  
Article
Materials and Energy Balance of E-Waste Smelting—An Industrial Case Study in China
by Fengchun Ye, Zhihong Liu and Longgong Xia
Metals 2021, 11(11), 1814; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111814 - 11 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2787
Abstract
The application of Nerin Recycling Technologies (NRT) in electronic waste (E-waste) smelting was introduced in this study, and the material and energy balance was calculated based on the practical data with the METSIM software (METSIM International, USA). The main results are as follows: [...] Read more.
The application of Nerin Recycling Technologies (NRT) in electronic waste (E-waste) smelting was introduced in this study, and the material and energy balance was calculated based on the practical data with the METSIM software (METSIM International, USA). The main results are as follows: (1) the optimized processing parameters in the NRT smelting practice were the E-waste feeding rate of 5.95 t/h, oxidation smelting duration of 3.5 h, reduction smelting duration of 0.5 h, oxygen enrichment of 21–40 vol.%, oxygen consumption of 68.06 Nm3/ton raw material, slag temperature of 1280 °C, slag composition: Fe/SiO2 mass ratio of 0.8–1.4, CaO, 15–20 wt.%, Cu in crude copper ≥ 95 wt.%, Cu in slag, 0.5 wt.%, recovery of Cu, Au, and Ag ≥ 98%; (2) 98.49% Au, 98.04% Ag, 94.11% Ni, and 79.13% Sn entered the crude copper phase in the smelting process, 76.73% Pb and 67.22% Zn volatilized to the dust phase, and all halogen elements terminated in the dust and off-gas; (3) total heat input of the process was 79,480 MJ/h, the energy released by chemical reactions accounted for 69.94% of the total, and heat from fuels burning accounted for 33.04%. The energy brought away by the off-gas was 38,440 MJ/h, which was the largest part in heat output. The heat loss with the smelting slag accounted for 28.47% of the total. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-ferrous Metal Recycling)
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10 pages, 980 KiB  
Article
Vacuum Gasification-Directional Condensation for Separation of Tellurium from Lead Anode Slime
by Zhe Gao, Xiangfeng Kong, Jiafei Yi, Bin Yang, Baoqiang Xu, Dachun Liu, Jian Wu and Heng Xiong
Metals 2021, 11(10), 1535; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101535 - 27 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2250
Abstract
Tellurium is the indispensable base material of semiconductors in solar panels. Traditional tellurium recycling, a highly complicated separation process, has exhausted reagents and energy sources whilst producing waste residue and water containing multitudinous heavy metal that is hugely harmful to the ecological environment. [...] Read more.
Tellurium is the indispensable base material of semiconductors in solar panels. Traditional tellurium recycling, a highly complicated separation process, has exhausted reagents and energy sources whilst producing waste residue and water containing multitudinous heavy metal that is hugely harmful to the ecological environment. A clean and eco-friendly vacuum distillation-directional condensation treatment was investigated for its potential to recycle tellurium from tellurium-rich lead anode slime (TLAS). The optimal distillation temperature and response time conditions of 1173 K and 50 min were obtained based on a large number of experiments. Gasification results indicated that under the optimal conditions of distillation temperature 1173 K, constant temperature time 50 min, and system pressure 5–15 Pa, 92% of tellurium was volatilized and enriched into the condenser from TLAS. Condensate results revealed that 88% of elemental tellurium was directly recovered in the volatile matter. The appropriate gasification-condensation processes realized a clean utilization to extract tellurium and separate multi valuable metals effectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-ferrous Metal Recycling)
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