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Metals
Special Issues
Separation and Leaching for Metals Recovery 2021
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Separation and Leaching for Metals Recovery 2021

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 10822

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jaeryeong Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Energy and Resources Engineering (ENRE), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
Interests: urban mine; recycling technology; dismantling; grinding; physical separation; hydrometallurgy; purification; rare metals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, the interest in urban mines has been gradually increasing. As a result, both the industrial scale and case for commercialization have also been increasing dramatically. Raw materials in the urban mining industry can be divided mainly into industrial waste (including scrap) and municipal waste (including end-of-life products). Unfortunately, the current recycling research and metal recovery rates for municipal waste are much lower compared to industrial waste. This may be the result of a shortage of economic feasibility, the variety in compositions (such as non-metal and organic materials), and the lower content of metals in the municipal wastes. Municipal waste having these characteristics is not directly processed for metal recovery, and first requires separation and concentration using a separation pretreatment.

Therefore, further research is needed on the recovery and recycling of metal components from municipal wastes using a leaching process, as well as separation processes such as unit separation, dismantling/detaching, thermal decomposition, and physical separation (also referred to as mineral processing). This research could form the basis for the development of commercialization processes for municipal wastes and in addition to realization of a sustainable society through the continuous growth of the urban mining industry.

This Special Issue aims to address the latest research on not only leaching processes but also separation processes for waste with low-content metals (including end-of-life products), in order to achieve economic feasibility. Moreover, research articles will focus on the development of integrated environmentally friendly and cost-effective separation and leaching processes for the recovery of valuable metals.

Prof. Dr. Jaeryeong Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • urban mine
  • municipal waste
  • recycling
  • end-of-life product
  • separation processes
  • leaching processes
  • hydrometallurgical processes
  • unit separation
  • dismantling/detaching
  • thermal decomposition
  • mineral processing
  • low content of metals
  • environmentally friendly
  • cost-effective

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3593 KiB  
Article
Flow and Reaction Characteristic in a Stirred Reactor for Corrosion Process of Reduced Ilmenite
by Qiuyue Zhao, Yang Li, Mingzhao Zheng, Shuangfu Gang and Ting-An Zhang
Metals 2023, 13(1), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010119 - 06 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 996
Abstract
The technology for producing artificial rutile by the reduction-rusting method has the advantages of high product quality and less slag. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to simulate the solid-liquid suspension and gas-liquid dispersion characteristics in the stirred corrosion reactor. The [...] Read more.
The technology for producing artificial rutile by the reduction-rusting method has the advantages of high product quality and less slag. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to simulate the solid-liquid suspension and gas-liquid dispersion characteristics in the stirred corrosion reactor. The results show that the maximum volume fraction difference of the solid phase in the reactor with an upward-lifting impeller is 0.02, and for the downforce type, it is 0.04. When the stirring speed is increased from 100 rpm to 150 rpm, the radial dispersion area of the gas phase is increased; after the six-inclined-blade disk turbine is selected as the lower impeller, the proportion of bubbles with a diameter less than 0.004 m in the reactor is increased from 26% to 45%. The content of metallic iron in the product of the corrosion reaction is 1.67% in the stirred reactor with a six-inclined-blade disk turbine as the lower impeller. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Separation and Leaching for Metals Recovery 2021)
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10 pages, 980 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Conditions for Processing of Lead–Zinc Ores Enrichment Tailings of East Kazakhstan
by Nazym Seksenova, Rudolf Bykov, Sergey Mamyachenkov, Gulzhan Daumova and Malika Kozhakanova
Metals 2021, 11(11), 1802; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111802 - 09 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2171
Abstract
This article presents the results of studies of a low-waste technology for processing enrichment tailings using a combined enrichment–hydrometallurgical method. After washing the enrichment tailings from harmful products and reducing their size, multi-stage flotation of the crushed material of the enrichment tailings was [...] Read more.
This article presents the results of studies of a low-waste technology for processing enrichment tailings using a combined enrichment–hydrometallurgical method. After washing the enrichment tailings from harmful products and reducing their size, multi-stage flotation of the crushed material of the enrichment tailings was carried out. The use of a new reagent in the flotation process was studied in order to ensure the maximum recovery of the main valuable components from the enrichment tailings. A new collector of Aero 7249 (Shenyang Florrea Chemicals Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China) type was used for the flotation. The recovery of valuable components was as follows: Cu, 6.78%; Zn, 91.69%; Pb, 80.81%; Au, 95.90%; Ag, 82.50%; Fe, 78.78%. Tailings of the flotation were re-enriched using a fatty acid collector (sodium oleate). Additional (reverse) flotation resulted in obtaining a product corresponding to the composition of building sand in terms of the content of valuable components of the waste rock. The studies of the conditions for processing the enrichment tailings of lead–zinc ore indicate the possibility of its optimization in order to maximize the involvement of waste in the production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Separation and Leaching for Metals Recovery 2021)
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13 pages, 2622 KiB  
Article
Study on Adding Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride to Improve Manganese Leaching Efficiency of Ammonia Leaching Low-Grade Rhodochrosite
by Peng Yang, Xiaoping Liang, Chengbo Wu, Tengfei Cui and Yu Wang
Metals 2021, 11(9), 1496; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11091496 - 21 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1765
Abstract
The ammonia leaching method for treating low-grade rhodochrosite has the advantages of a good impurity removal effect and low environmental pollution. In this paper, aiming at the low leaching efficiency of low-grade rhodochrosite treated by the ammonia leaching method, studies on enhancing the [...] Read more.
The ammonia leaching method for treating low-grade rhodochrosite has the advantages of a good impurity removal effect and low environmental pollution. In this paper, aiming at the low leaching efficiency of low-grade rhodochrosite treated by the ammonia leaching method, studies on enhancing the leaching efficiency of manganese by using ammonium hydrogen fluoride as an additive are carried out. The effects of different ammonia concentrations, leaching temperatures, leaching times, liquid-solid ratios, stirring rates, and the addition of ammonium hydrogen fluoride on the leaching efficiency of manganese with and without ammonium hydrogen fluoride as an additive were comparatively studied, and the parameters of ammonia concentration, ammonia leaching temperature, and ammonium hydrogen fluoride dosage were optimized in the experimental study. The results indicated that ammonium hydrogen fluoride as an additive in the treatment of low-grade rhodochrosite by the ammonia leaching method could effectively increase the leaching efficiency of manganese, and the optimal process parameters were obtained. Meanwhile, the addition of ammonium hydrogen fluoride didn’t affect the quality of the steamed ammonia product. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Separation and Leaching for Metals Recovery 2021)
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11 pages, 2904 KiB  
Article
Leaching of Copper from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) in Sulfate Medium Using Cupric Ion and Oxygen
by Yujin Park, Yuik Eom, Kyoungkeun Yoo and Manis Kumar Jha
Metals 2021, 11(9), 1369; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11091369 - 30 Aug 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2620
Abstract
In the present paper, the leaching of copper from printed circuit boards (PCBs) using sulfuric acid with Cu2+ and O2 is proposed. The effects of various process parameters such as agitation speed, temperature, the type and the flow rate of gas, [...] Read more.
In the present paper, the leaching of copper from printed circuit boards (PCBs) using sulfuric acid with Cu2+ and O2 is proposed. The effects of various process parameters such as agitation speed, temperature, the type and the flow rate of gas, initial Cu2+ concentration, and pulp density were investigated to examine the dissolution behavior of Cu from PCBs in 1 mol/L sulfuric acid. The kinetic studies were performed using the obtained leaching data. The leaching rate of Cu from PCBs was found to be higher on addition of Cu2+ and O2 to the leachant in comparison with the addition of O2 or both Cu2+ and N2 in the leachant. The leaching efficiency of Cu was found to be increased with increasing agitation speed, temperature, O2 flow rate, and initial Cu2+ concentration and decreasing pulp density. The 96% of Cu leaching efficiency was obtained under the following conditions: sulfuric acid concentration, 1 mol/L; temperature, 90 °C; agitation speed, 600 rpm; pulp density, 1%; initial Cu2+ concentration, 10,000 mg/L; and O2 flow rate, 1000 cc/min. The leaching data and analyses indicate that the Cu leaching from PCBs followed the reaction-controlled model satisfactorily and determined that the activation energy was found to be 23.8 kJ/mol. Therefore, these results indicate that the sulfuric acid solution with Cu2+ and O2 as a mild leach medium without strong oxidants such as HNO3, H2O2, and Fe3+ is valid for Cu leaching from PCBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Separation and Leaching for Metals Recovery 2021)
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13 pages, 3715 KiB  
Article
Effective Extraction of Vanadium from Bauxite-Type Vanadium Ore Using Roasting and Leaching
by Kai Zou, Junhui Xiao, Guanjie Liang, Wenxiao Huang and Wenliang Xiong
Metals 2021, 11(9), 1342; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11091342 - 25 Aug 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2223
Abstract
A new bauxite-type vanadium ore with a grade of 0.96% V2O5 was found in Hanzhong, China, having quartz, illite, and calcite as the main mineral constituents and vanadium that mainly occurs in the aluminosilicate lattice of illite by replacing Al [...] Read more.
A new bauxite-type vanadium ore with a grade of 0.96% V2O5 was found in Hanzhong, China, having quartz, illite, and calcite as the main mineral constituents and vanadium that mainly occurs in the aluminosilicate lattice of illite by replacing Al3+ with V3+ in isomorphism form. In this study, a novel process of low-temperature sulfating roasting–water leaching is presented to extract vanadium from the bauxite-type vanadium ore. Addition of sulfuric acid enhanced the conversion of vanadium to NaVO3 in the sulfating roasting process, and addition of ammonium molybdate improved the leaching efficiency in water leaching. The results showed that a leaching efficiency of 90.33% was obtained under optimal test conditions. The calculation results of standard Gibbs free energy (ΔrGθ) further verified that the formation of NaVO3 is feasible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Separation and Leaching for Metals Recovery 2021)
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