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Effect of Ultrasound on the Structure and Properties of Metallic...
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Effect of Ultrasound on the Structure and Properties of Metallic Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2023) | Viewed by 11266

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ayrat Nazarov

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450001 Ufa, Russia
Interests: dislocations; disclinations; grain boundaries; nanostructured materials; severe plastic deformation; superplasticity; ultrasonic treatment of materials; ultrasonic metal welding; molecular dynamics simulations

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Processing via ultrasonic waves has found numerous applications in the metallurgy and treatment of materials. Started since 30-ths of the last century, the ultrasonic irradiation of metal melts has grown to a mature technology providing grain refinement, structure uniformity and high mechanical properties of cast metals and alloys. Ultrasonic surface treatment, strengthening, disintegration, cutting, machining, and cleaning are also well established industrially used technologies. The acoustoplastic effect was first discovered by Blaha and Langenecker in 1955 and is used in metal working processes such as forging, pressing, rolling, drawing etc. Ultrasonic metal welding, which is one of the widest applications of high intensity ultrasound, has recently given rise to a new branch of additive technology, ultrasonic consolidation. Ultrasound-assisted severe plastic deformation methods for the processing of ultrafine grained materials are emerging. New directions of applications of moderate and high intensity ultrasound for the modification of the properties and processing of metals are developed. The improvement of existing ultrasonic materials technologies and the development of new ones require studies of the effect of ultrasound on the structure and properties of metals and alloys via modern experimental techniques and modeling and simulation methods. This Special Issue aims to collect papers containing the results of original studies, either by experimental or simulation methods, or reviews, on all aspects of the effect of ultrasound on the structure and properties of metallic materials.

Dr. Ayrat Nazarov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ultrasound
  • ultrasonic treatment
  • ultrasonic welding
  • ultrasonic consolidation
  • microstructure
  • mechanical properties
  • ultrasonic metal forming

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4088 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Estimation of Changes in the Microgeometry of Steel 45 by Ultrasonic Plastic Deformation with a Free Deforming Element
by Dmitriy S. Fatyukhin, Ravil I. Nigmetzyanov, Vyacheslav M. Prikhodko, Aleksandr V. Sukhov and Sergey K. Sundukov
Metals 2023, 13(1), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010114 - 06 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1233
Abstract
A method of ultrasonic surface plastic deformation is widely used to change the properties of the surface layers of metal products. Under the influence of this type of treatment, the structure of the material changes, microhardness increases, roughness decreases, internal tensile stresses are [...] Read more.
A method of ultrasonic surface plastic deformation is widely used to change the properties of the surface layers of metal products. Under the influence of this type of treatment, the structure of the material changes, microhardness increases, roughness decreases, internal tensile stresses are removed, and compressive stresses are created. Now many types of ultrasonic surface plastic deformation have been developed, which differ in the degree of impact on the material. The object of this paper is to study the change in the microgeometry of steel 45 (ASTM M1044; DIN C45; GB 45) under the action of ultrasonic plastic deformation by a free deforming element (indenter in the form of a surface rolling ball). During the study, factors that have the greatest influence on the change in the microgeometry of the sample during treatment were identified. These include the initial roughness of the sample, the number of passes of the indenter, the feed of the indenter, the force with which the indenter is pressed to the treated surface, and the amplitude of the oscillations of the ultrasonic horn. The paper presents the dependences of changes in the main roughness parameters on the above factors. The value of the initial roughness at which it is possible to obtain a uniform surface microrelief is determined. The optimization of treatment parameters providing a change in the height and step parameters of roughness was carried out. Recommendations for choosing the most effective technological modes of ultrasonic treatment of steel 45 with a surface rolling ball are given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Ultrasound on the Structure and Properties of Metallic Materials)
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15 pages, 10725 KiB  
Article
Effect of Alcohol on the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Ultrasonic Spot Welded Cu/Cu Joints
by Jiajia Yang, Zenglei Ni, Ayrat A. Nazarov and Fuxing Ye
Metals 2023, 13(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010021 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1220
Abstract
In order to improve the Cu/Cu joint quality, the bottom Cu sheet surface to be welded was dampened by a drop of absolute ethyl alcohol before the welding. Then, the ultrasonic spot welding (USW) was utilized to join a 0.5 mm thick Cu [...] Read more.
In order to improve the Cu/Cu joint quality, the bottom Cu sheet surface to be welded was dampened by a drop of absolute ethyl alcohol before the welding. Then, the ultrasonic spot welding (USW) was utilized to join a 0.5 mm thick Cu sheet to a 1.0 mm thick Cu sheet. The results demonstrated that, due to the action of the alcohol, obvious changes of the welding interface temperature, effective thickness, bond density, interface microstructure, joint resistance, micro-hardness, lap shear strength and fracture mode occurred in comparison with the joint without alcohol. Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization took place at the welding interface and facilitated the migration of grain boundaries across the contact interface, leading to the formation of the metallurgical bonding between the two Cu sheets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Ultrasound on the Structure and Properties of Metallic Materials)
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16 pages, 7087 KiB  
Article
Transformations of the Microstructure and Phase Compositions of Titanium Alloys during Ultrasonic Impact Treatment Part II: Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy
by Alexey Panin, Andrey Dmitriev, Anton Nikonov, Olga Perevalova, Lyudmila Kazantseva, Alexander Bakulin and Svetlana Kulkova
Metals 2022, 12(5), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050732 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2047
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies enabled the reveal of patterns of the microstructure formation in the surface layer of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy subjected to ultrasonic impact treatment. The mixed amorphous and nanocrystalline structure of the 200 nm thick uppermost surface layer of titanium dioxide [...] Read more.
Experimental and theoretical studies enabled the reveal of patterns of the microstructure formation in the surface layer of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy subjected to ultrasonic impact treatment. The mixed amorphous and nanocrystalline structure of the 200 nm thick uppermost surface layer of titanium dioxide TiO2 was demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy. The 5 µm thick intermediate layer containing nanocrystalline α grains, and the 50–60 µm thick lower layer containing fragmented α-Ti grains with retained β phase were also observed. The refinement of the β-Ti phase during ultrasonic impact treatment was accompanied by the formation of the orthorhombic (α″) martensitic phase. Molecular dynamics simulation of strains of a vanadium-doped titanium crystallite subjected to ultrasonic impact treatment revealed the formation of striped dislocation substructures as well as the development of reversible β→α phase transformations. Ab initio calculations of the atomic structure of V-doped Ti crystallites containing α, β or α″ phases of titanium were carried out. On the basis of the results of the experimental observations, a molecular dynamics simulation and ab initio calculations a mechanism was proposed, which associated the development of the strain-induced β→α″ phase transformations in Ti-6Al-4V alloy with the presence of oxygen. The role of the electronic subsystem in the development of the strain-induced phase transformations was discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Ultrasound on the Structure and Properties of Metallic Materials)
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18 pages, 10019 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of the Effects of Ultrasonic Cavitation on the Surfaces of 45 and 40Kh Steels
by Dmitriy S. Fatyukhin, Ravil I. Nigmetzyanov, Vyacheslav M. Prikhodko, Aleksandr V. Sukhov and Sergey K. Sundukov
Metals 2022, 12(1), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010138 - 11 Jan 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2772
Abstract
The ultrasonic treatment of metal products in liquid is used mainly to remove various kinds of contaminants from surfaces. The effects of ultrasound not only separate and remove contaminants, they also significantly impact the physical–mechanical and geometric properties of the surfaces of products [...] Read more.
The ultrasonic treatment of metal products in liquid is used mainly to remove various kinds of contaminants from surfaces. The effects of ultrasound not only separate and remove contaminants, they also significantly impact the physical–mechanical and geometric properties of the surfaces of products if there is enough time for treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the dynamics of ultrasonic cavitation effects on the surface properties of 45 (ASTM M1044; DIN C45; GB 45) and 40Kh (AISI 5140; DIN 41Cr4; GB 40Cr) structural steels. During the study, changes in the structure, roughness, sub-roughness, and microhardness values of these materials were observed. The results showed significant changes in the considered characteristics. It was found that the process of cavitation erosion involves at least 3 stages. In the first stage, the geometric properties of the surface slightly change with the accumulation of internal stresses and an increase in microhardness. The second stage is characterized by structure refinement, increased roughness and sub-microroughness, and the development of surface erosion. In the third stage, when a certain limiting state is reached, there are no noticeable changes in the surface properties. The lengths of these stages and the quantitative characteristics of erosion for the considered materials differ significantly. It was found that the time required to reach the limiting state was longer for carbon steel than for alloy steel. The results can be used to improve the cleaning process, as well as to form the required surface properties of structural steels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Ultrasound on the Structure and Properties of Metallic Materials)
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15 pages, 5613 KiB  
Article
Effects of High-Intensity Ultrasound on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2195 Aluminum Ingots
by Yuqi Hu, Ripeng Jiang, Xiaoqian Li, Anqing Li and Ziming Xie
Metals 2021, 11(7), 1050; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071050 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2032
Abstract
The microstructural refinement of 2195 aluminum alloy ingots is particularly important for improving their industrial applications and mechanical properties. Combined with vacuum casting and inert gas protection, scalable high-strength ultrasonic melt processing (USMT) technology was used to manufacture 2195 aluminum alloy cylindrical ingots. [...] Read more.
The microstructural refinement of 2195 aluminum alloy ingots is particularly important for improving their industrial applications and mechanical properties. Combined with vacuum casting and inert gas protection, scalable high-strength ultrasonic melt processing (USMT) technology was used to manufacture 2195 aluminum alloy cylindrical ingots. Then, the influence of USMT on the main microstructural components (primary α-Al grains, secondary phase network, and precipitated particles) was studied. Our experiments show that the main microstructure of the ingot was improved after the introduction of ultrasound. Compared to the ingot formed without USMT, the size and morphology of the primary α-Al phase were optimized. The agglomeration of coarsening secondary phases can be alleviated, and the large layered secondary phase network becomes discontinuous throughout the ingot under USMT. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the solidified aluminum alloy ingots were also tested, and comparisons were made between samples formed with and without USMT. The results show that the stress concentration caused by the large area of coarse secondary phase in the ingot leads to the decrease of mechanical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Ultrasound on the Structure and Properties of Metallic Materials)
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