Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Mineral, Ores and Industrial Wastes

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 2403

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Metal Extraction and Recycling Division, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Jamshedpur, India
Interests: metal extraction from primary and secondary sources using advanced separation technologies (leaching, solvent extraction, ion-exchange, etc.)
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Guest Editor
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Korea
Interests: rare earths processing; recycling; hydrometallurgy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rare earth elements (REEs) are a set of seventeen elements, namely fifteen lanthanides and two d-transition metals (Sc and Y), having similar characteristics. They are characterized by their metallurgical, optical, and electronic properties, which have established them as decisive industrial materials, with inimitable applications such as permanent magnets, electronics, superconductor, hydrogen storage, medical and nuclear technologies, etc. The escalating demand of REEs in various application and their continuous depleting ores have significantly increased their demand in the international market. The increasing demand for these materials, depletion of natural reserves, and associated supply risks resulting from geopolitical, environmental, or technological factors makes the recovery of REEs from alternative sources viz. mine tailings, industrial acid wastes, coal ash, and end-of-life products a promising strategy for increasing availability and mitigating the supply risk of REEs. Therefore, it is necessary to exploit domestic resources and develop energy efficient and eco-friendly technologies to meet the future requirements by the recovery, separation and purification of REEs.

Keeping in view of the above, the special issue of Metals on “Recovery of rare earth elements from mineral ores and industrial wastes” will provide a global and unique opportunity to exchange as well as gathered scientific information and technological innovations amongst experts, researchers, industrialists and practitioners of different disciplines on a common platform for recovering REEs from primary as well as secondary resources considering the challenges and problems. Therefore, the issue to have discussion on research and development (R&D) is very timely and need of the hour. The main focus of the special issue is to present sustainable REEs resources and feasible processes by eminent global researchers. To recoup the REEs demand by exploring the alternative sustainable resources and feasible technology, this may mitigate their supply risk globally. The special issue will be based on research papers consisting of hybrid processes i.e. pre-treatment, hydro-/pyro-/electro- and advance separation techniques such as leaching, solvent extraction, ion-exchange, precipitation, etc.

Dr. Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
Dr. Manis Kumar Jha
Dr. Jin-Young Lee
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • extraction
  • separation
  • recycling
  • rare earths
  • e-wastes
  • REE minerals
  • ore
  • industrial waste
  • hydrometallurgy

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3502 KiB  
Article
Distribution of Rare Elements in Distillation Processing of Polymetallic Matte
by Valeriy Volodin, Alina Nitsenko, Xeniya Linnik and Sergey Trebukhov
Metals 2023, 13(12), 1934; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121934 - 24 Nov 2023
Viewed by 798
Abstract
The results of studies on the distribution of rare elements among the products of distillation processing of polymetallic mattes are present in this article. Schemes of the developed technological equipment for the implementation of the extraction processes of rare elements via the vacuum [...] Read more.
The results of studies on the distribution of rare elements among the products of distillation processing of polymetallic mattes are present in this article. Schemes of the developed technological equipment for the implementation of the extraction processes of rare elements via the vacuum distillation of mattes are presented. Technological tests were performed with a matte of lead, copper, and antimony plants at 1100–1250 °C and a pressure of up to 700 Pa. It was established that As, Cd, Bi, In, and Ge, by more than 90% in total, are extracted into condensate and dust in the distillation process of volatile components from mattes of lead production. At the same time, antimony is distributed between the distillate residue and condensate. Antimony by 90.47%, arsenic by 78.83% and cadmium by 98.72% are distributed into sulfide condensate and dust in the distillation of copper production matte. From the matte of the antimony plant, Sb and Bi (90.76% and 89.78%, respectively) are transferred into the condensate and cyclone dust. Arsenic is distributed between the liquid and vapor phases. Based on calculations, Se and Te will be mainly concentrated in the distillation residue. High-grade copper mattes obtained in processing mattes from lead and copper plants can be further used to obtain metallic copper by converting. The condensate and dust can be processed separately or with the dust of the mainline production for rare metal extraction. Antimony matte processing condensate containing more than 70% Sb can be directed to the process of crude antimony refining. Full article
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13 pages, 2568 KiB  
Article
Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Permanent Magnet Swarf in Citric Acid: Effects of Acid Concentration on Extraction Kinetics
by Pietro Romano, Soroush Rahmati, Roshanak Adavodi, Ionela Birloaga and Francesco Vegliò
Metals 2023, 13(11), 1801; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13111801 - 26 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1020
Abstract
The high demand for rare earth permanent magnets (REPMs) for use in advanced electrical equipment has led to the classification of some rare earth elements (REEs), such as neodymium, praseodymium, and dysprosium, as strategic raw materials by the European Union. Finding an efficient [...] Read more.
The high demand for rare earth permanent magnets (REPMs) for use in advanced electrical equipment has led to the classification of some rare earth elements (REEs), such as neodymium, praseodymium, and dysprosium, as strategic raw materials by the European Union. Finding an efficient method with economic benefits and minimal environmental impact is one of the challenges of recycling REPMs. A novel method to recover REPM metals by dissolving them with citric acid and separating the rare earth elements using the solvent extraction method as the next step has been introduced. Therefore, this research investigates the efficiency and kinetics of leaching REPM swarf by citric acid (0.5 to 2.5 M). The results showed that increasing the citric acid concentration from 0.5 M to 1.45 M significantly enhanced the dissolving rate of all studied elements. Although the results showed that the optimal concentration of citric acid in the leaching reagent was between 0.9 and 1.45 M, the REE dissolving reaction with a leaching reagent containing 1.45 M and 0.9 M citric acid reached equilibrium conditions at about 120 and 180 min, respectively. It could be concluded that using citric acid as an organic acid can dissolve the metals in REPM swarf with high efficiency and a fast dissolving rate. This issue can be considered key for recycling REPMs and the future REE supply challenge. Full article
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