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Metals
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Advanced Biomedical Materials
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Advanced Biomedical Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Biobased and Biodegradable Metals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 6934

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lin Mao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Interests: biomaterials; material synthesis; biodegradable Mg alloy; biocompatibility; surface treatment; structural characterization; mechanical property
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Xiaobo Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
Interests: biomaterials; material synthesis; material processing, biodegradable Mg alloy; biocompatibility; material characterization; mechanical property
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Biomedical materials are defined as substances that have been engineered, manufactured, or processed to be suitable for use as medical devices (or components thereof) and that are usually intended to be used as artificial materials in the human body for the purposes of aiding healing, correcting deformities, and restoring lost function. Biomedical materials have undergone three of stages development. First-generation biomedical materials are usually those materials which are biocompatible and bioinert in the human body. Second-generation biomedical materials are designed to meet more application requirements with either resorbable or bioactive properties. Third-generation biomedical materials combine these two properties and are designed to serve as an extracellular matrix for activating genes and eliciting specific interactions with cell and, thereby, to direct cell proliferation, differentiation, organization, and ultimately repair or regenerate living tissues and organs. The field of biomedical materials continues to be one of the most rapidly growing areas of research today, and this burgeoning field has become strongly interdisciplinary, encompassing new materials and their interactions with components of living systems and emphasizing the fundamental materials science, structure–property relationships, and biological responses as a foundation for a wide array of biomedical materials applications.

The Special Issue coverage spans a wide range of topics from basic science to clinical applications, around the theme of preparation, performance, and evaluation of advanced biomedical materials; the chemical, physical, toxicological, and mechanical behavior of materials in physiological environments; and the response of blood and tissues to biomedical materials. The scope of the Special Issue also covers studies in interdisciplinary areas such as tissue engineering and medical devices, where biomedical materials play a significant role in the therapeutic or diagnostic procedure.

Prof. Dr. Lin Mao
Prof. Dr. Xiaobo Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomedical materials
  • material synthesis
  • structural characterization
  • mechanical property
  • medical device
  • structural design
  • finite element analysis
  • biocompatibility

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3715 KiB  
Article
Design and Characterization of Mg Alloy Pedicle Screws for Atlantoaxial Fixation
by Yunchuan Zhao, Haipo Cui, Xudong Guo and Chaohui Bu
Metals 2023, 13(2), 352; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020352 - 09 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1229
Abstract
To investigate the feasibility of using absorbable Mg alloy pedicle screws for atlantoaxial dislocation fixation, four types of Mg alloy pedicle screws of different thread forms were designed, and simulation analysis of the pull-out force was performed using the finite element method. Stress [...] Read more.
To investigate the feasibility of using absorbable Mg alloy pedicle screws for atlantoaxial dislocation fixation, four types of Mg alloy pedicle screws of different thread forms were designed, and simulation analysis of the pull-out force was performed using the finite element method. Stress and displacement distributions of the atlantoaxial fixation model were obtained. Subsequently, screw samples were prepared using the WE43 Mg alloy for extraction, torsion, and immersion corrosion tests. Finite element analysis results showed that the pull-out forces of triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal, and zigzag thread screws were 552.61, 540.91, 546.4, and 542.74 N, respectively, and the stresses on the screws were 146, 185, 195, and 265 MPa, respectively, when they were pulled out. In other words, the triangular thread screw had the largest pull-out resistance and smallest stress peak. The average corrosion rate of Mg alloy screws in vitro was 0.46 mg·cm−2·day−1. Compared with that before corrosion, the extraction resistance of the corroded screws did not change significantly; however, the torsional strength decreased, but it was still greater than the torque required for screw implantation. It can be concluded that triangular thread Mg alloy pedicle screws have good extraction resistance and mechanical stability and can meet the load-bearing requirements for atlantoaxial dislocation fixation. The degradation of the Mg alloy reduced the mechanical strength of the screws, but the triangularly threaded screws can still maintain their effectiveness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomedical Materials)
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15 pages, 7301 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Resistance of Mg(OH)2/Mn(OH)2 Hydroxide Film on ZK60 Mg Alloy
by Yongmin Wang, Zhuangzhuang Li, Yan Wang, Tianyi Sun and Zhixin Ba
Metals 2022, 12(10), 1760; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101760 - 19 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1463
Abstract
This study aims to prepare hydroxide films on the surface of ZK60 magnesium alloy to improve the corrosion resistance of the latter. The hydroxide films were fabricated with a facile hydrothermal method using Mg(NO3)2 and Mn(NO3)2 aqueous [...] Read more.
This study aims to prepare hydroxide films on the surface of ZK60 magnesium alloy to improve the corrosion resistance of the latter. The hydroxide films were fabricated with a facile hydrothermal method using Mg(NO3)2 and Mn(NO3)2 aqueous solutions. The treatment temperature was maintained at 353 K, while the treatment time was 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the films were composed of a mixture of Mg(OH)2 and Mn(OH)2. As revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), each film grew from an incomplete lamellar structure to a thick lamellar structure at changing treatment times. The corrosion current density of the 12 h film sample immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF) reached 3.07 × 10−7 A·cm−2, which was approximately two orders of magnitude lower than that of the ZK60 magnesium alloy substrate (3.04 × 10−5 A·cm−2). In addition, the hydrogen evolution experiment showed that, even after 168 h of immersion, the 12 h film sample could still provide protection for the substrate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomedical Materials)
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14 pages, 7366 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Mn on the Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Behavior of Biodegradable Zn-2%Fe Alloy
by Lital Ben Tzion-Mottye, Tomer Ron, Dan Eliezer and Eli Aghion
Metals 2022, 12(8), 1291; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12081291 - 30 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1579
Abstract
The attractiveness of Zn-based alloys as structural materials for biodegradable implants mainly relates to their excellent biocompatibility, critical physiological roles in the human body and excellent antibacterial properties. Furthermore, in in vivo conditions, they do not tend to produce hydrogen gas (as occurs [...] Read more.
The attractiveness of Zn-based alloys as structural materials for biodegradable implants mainly relates to their excellent biocompatibility, critical physiological roles in the human body and excellent antibacterial properties. Furthermore, in in vivo conditions, they do not tend to produce hydrogen gas (as occurs in the case of Mg-based alloys) or voluminous oxide (as occurs in Fe-based alloys). However, the main disadvantages of Zn-based alloys are their reduced mechanical properties and their tendency to provoke undesirable fibrous encapsulation due to their relatively high standard reduction potential. The issue of fibrous encapsulation was previously addressed by the authors via the development of the Zn-2%Fe alloy that was selected as the base alloy for this study. This development assumed that the addition of Fe to pure Zn can create a microgalvanic effect between the Delta phase (Zn11Fe) and the Zn-matrix that significantly increases the biodegradation rate of the alloy. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of up to 0.8% Mn on the mechanical properties of biodegradable Zn-2%Fe alloy and to evaluate the corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity performance in in vitro conditions. The selection of Mn as an alloying element is related to its vital role in the synthesis of proteins and the activation of enzyme systems, as well as the fact that Mn is not considered to be a toxic element. Microstructure characterization was carried out by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while phase analysis was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties were examined in terms of hardness and tensile strength, while corrosion performance and electrochemical behavior were assessed by immersion tests, open circuit potential examination, potentiodynamic polarization analysis and impedance spectroscopy. All the in vitro corrosion testing was performed in a simulated physiological environment in the form of a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. The cytotoxicity performance was evaluated by indirect cell viability analysis, carried out according to the ISO 10993-5/12 standard using Mus musculus 4T1 cells. The obtained results clearly demonstrate the strengthening effect of the biodegradable Zn-2%Fe alloy due to Mn addition. The effect of Mn on in vitro corrosion degradation was insignificant, while in parallel Mn had a favorable effect on indirect cell viability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomedical Materials)
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Review

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26 pages, 8820 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in the Development of Magnesium-Based Alloy Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) Membrane
by Kai Chen, Li Zhao, Chenyang Huang, Xiaofei Yin, Xiaobo Zhang, Ping Li, Xuenan Gu and Yubo Fan
Metals 2022, 12(12), 2074; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122074 - 02 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1889
Abstract
In dental implantology, the guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane plays an active role in increasing alveolar bone volume. However, there are some drawbacks to the current commercial membranes, such as non-degradability for non-absorbable membranes and low mechanical strength for absorbable membranes. Recently, magnesium [...] Read more.
In dental implantology, the guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane plays an active role in increasing alveolar bone volume. However, there are some drawbacks to the current commercial membranes, such as non-degradability for non-absorbable membranes and low mechanical strength for absorbable membranes. Recently, magnesium (Mg) alloys have been proposed as potential barrier membrane candidates. As a result, the purpose of this research is to assess the feasibility of Mg alloys as GBR membranes in terms of physicochemical properties and biological performance. Mg alloys were identified as potential membrane materials due to their adjustable degradation, adequate mechanical support, sound osteogenic property, good bacteriostatic activity, and favorable wound-healing ability. Nonetheless, rapid degradation and stress corrosion cracking (SCC)/corrosion fatigue (CF) are major concerns for the use of Mg-based membranes, which can be mitigated through alloying, heat treatment, thermomechanical deformation, and other methods. Finally, the prospects for the design and manufacture of Mg-based membranes in the future were put forth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomedical Materials)
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