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Membranes
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Separation Processes in Membranes: Design, Synthesis and Applications
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Separation Processes in Membranes: Design, Synthesis and Applications

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Processing and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 8794

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Irshad Kammakakam

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Center of Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
Interests: ionic liquids; poly(IL) membranes; ionenes; gas separation; CO2 capture; poly(ethylene oxide)s; poly(dimethylsiloxane)s; polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs); nanofiber membranes; interfacial polymerization; crosslinked membranes; water filtration; fuel cells; Li-ion batteries
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nadeem Baig

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Interests: superhydrophobic membrane/hydrophilic membranes for wastewater remediation; smart membranes; oil/water separation; antifouling membranes; nanostructured materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Membrane science and technology have significantly contributed to many industrial as well as laboratory applications, as they provide clean technologies with facile operation, flexibility of design-efficient energy utilization, and decreased production costs. It is always imperative to augment the efficiency of separation processes consisting of membrane technology in chemical, energy, and environmental processes, such as gas separation for large-scale energy and the oil and gas industry (natural gas purification, CO2 separation, air separation, hydrocarbons separations in the petrochemical industry, etc.), chemical separations, and water desalination and purification. The focus of this Special Issue is on highlighting recent innovations in membrane separation from synthesis to application. Therefore, we welcome various formats, including original contributions and review articles on membrane separation technology.

The following topics, but not limited to these, are welcome:

  • Methods and preparation of functionalized membranes for separation technology;
  • High-performance membranes for gas separations;
  • Membrane filtration for water reclamation (oil/water separation);
  • Membranes for the desalination of sea water;
  • Functionalized membranes for fuel cell and Li-battery applications;
  • Characteristic feature studies on membranes for separation technology.

Dr. Irshad Kammakakam
Dr. Nadeem Baig
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Polymeric membranes
  • Inorganic membranes
  • Composite membranes
  • Hybrid membranes
  • Chemical separation
  • Gas separation
  • Oil/water separation
  • Desalination
  • CO2 capture
  • Energy storage
  • Energy conversion
  • Simulation methods
  • Fabrication methods

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3689 KiB  
Article
Optimal Control of Direct Contact Membrane Distillation Operated under Fluctuating Energy Source
by Emad Ali
Membranes 2022, 12(6), 628; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12060628 - 16 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1765
Abstract
An optimal control strategy was tested to regulate the flow rate of the cold stream to maximize the time-averaged water production of a laboratory-scale membrane distillation (MD) process. The MD process is operated under fluctuating inlet hot temperatures at a fixed flow rate [...] Read more.
An optimal control strategy was tested to regulate the flow rate of the cold stream to maximize the time-averaged water production of a laboratory-scale membrane distillation (MD) process. The MD process is operated under fluctuating inlet hot temperatures at a fixed flow rate for the hot stream. The inlet hot temperature fluctuates due to fluctuation in the supplied renewable energy source, such as solar energy. The simulation revealed the possibility of enhancing the average water production by up to 4.2%, by alternating the flow rate of the cold stream relative to a fixed flow rate of the hot stream. The enhancement was limited because, when using a long membrane, the mass flux degrades when the ratio of the cold stream to the hot stream flow rates is either very high or low. By modifying the control strategy to adapt the membrane length in addition to the flow rate of the cold stream, highly improved performance could be obtained. In fact, up to 40% enhancement in the average water production was observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Separation Processes in Membranes: Design, Synthesis and Applications)
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22 pages, 3079 KiB  
Article
Performance Comparison of Cross- and Forward-Flow Configurations for Multiple-Effect Vacuum Membrane Distillation
by Abdullah Najib, Hany Al-Ansary, Jamel Orfi, Emad Ali and Fahad Awjah Almehmadi
Membranes 2022, 12(5), 495; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050495 - 30 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1745
Abstract
This work addresses retrofitting the infrastructure of multiple-effect vacuum membrane distillation (V-MEMD) units by using cross-flow configuration (CFC). In this configuration, the feed water is evenly divided and distributed over the effects. In this case, the feed water stream for each effect is [...] Read more.
This work addresses retrofitting the infrastructure of multiple-effect vacuum membrane distillation (V-MEMD) units by using cross-flow configuration (CFC). In this configuration, the feed water is evenly divided and distributed over the effects. In this case, the feed water stream for each effect is kept at a high temperature and low flow rate. This will lead to an increase in the vapor pressure gradient across the hydrophobic membrane and can also maintain the thermal energy of the stream inside the individual effect. It is found that CFC improves internal and global performance indicators of productivity, energy, and exergy. A mathematical model was used to investigate the performance of such a modification as compared to the forward-flow configuration (FFC). The cross-flow configuration led to a clear improvement in the internal performance indicators of the V-MEMD unit, where specifically the mass flux, recovery ratio, gain output ratio, and heat recovery factor were increased by 2 to 3 folds. Moreover, all the global performance indicators were also enhanced by almost 2 folds, except for the performance indicators related to the heat pump, which is used to cool the cold water during the operation of the V-MEMD unit. For the heat pump system, the specific electrical energy consumption, SEEC, and the exergy destruction percentage, Ψdes, under the best-operating conditions, were inferior when the feed water flow was less than 159 L/h. This can be attributed to the fact that the heat rejected from the heat pump system is not fully harnessed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Separation Processes in Membranes: Design, Synthesis and Applications)
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18 pages, 1942 KiB  
Article
Optimal Control of a Reverse Osmosis Plant for Brackish Water Desalination Driven by Intermittent Wind Power
by Emad Ali
Membranes 2022, 12(4), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040375 - 30 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1770
Abstract
This work addresses the design of an online control system that continuously regulates a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant driven by wind power aided by water storage tanks. The control objective is to produce the exact hourly water demand in the presence of [...] Read more.
This work addresses the design of an online control system that continuously regulates a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant driven by wind power aided by water storage tanks. The control objective is to produce the exact hourly water demand in the presence of wind power intermittency, disturbances, and operational limitations. The manipulated variables are the RO feed pressure and the active number of RO vessels. The control system helped to decrease the annual water deficit by 20% under nominal conditions and when the plant is under the influence of disturbances. Moreover, the control system managed to decrease the annual water deficit by 73% when the plant operated under a shortage of an active number of wind turbines and RO vessels. The loss of redistributed production ratio (LPb) and the loss of raw production ratio (LP) were used as the controlled variables representing the proposed control objective. LPb was superior to LP by creating conservative control actions that produce the required water demand without violating the required water purity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Separation Processes in Membranes: Design, Synthesis and Applications)
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17 pages, 5181 KiB  
Article
Quaternized Diaminobutane/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Cross-Linked Membranes for Acid Recovery via Diffusion Dialysis
by Muhammad Adnan Ashraf, Atif Islam, Muhammad Arif Butt, Hafiz Abdul Mannan, Rafi Ullah Khan, Kashif Kamran, Shahid Bashir, Javed Iqbal, Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi and Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
Membranes 2021, 11(10), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11100786 - 14 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2129
Abstract
Diffusion dialysis (DD) using anion exchange membranes (AEM) is an effective process for acid recovery and requires the preparation of suitable materials for AEMs, characterized by unique ions transport properties. In this work, novel AEMs composed of quaternized diaminobutane (QDAB) and poly(vinyl alcohol) [...] Read more.
Diffusion dialysis (DD) using anion exchange membranes (AEM) is an effective process for acid recovery and requires the preparation of suitable materials for AEMs, characterized by unique ions transport properties. In this work, novel AEMs composed of quaternized diaminobutane (QDAB) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were cross-linked by tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) via the sol–gel process. The prepared AEMs were systematically characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ion-exchange capacity (IEC) analysis, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), water uptake, linear expansion ratio (LER), and mechanical strength determination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and DD performance analysis for acid recovery using a hydrochloric acid/iron chloride (HCl/FeCl2) aqueous mixture and varying the QDAB content. The prepared AEMs exhibited IEC values between 0.86 and 1.46 mmol/g, water uptake values within 71.3 and 47.8%, moderate thermal stability, tensile strength values in the range of 26.1 to 41.7 MPa, and elongation from 68.2 to 204.6%. The dialysis coefficient values were between 0.0186 and 0.0295 m/h, whereas the separation factors range was 24.7–44.1 at 25 °C. The prepared membranes have great potential for acid recovery via diffusion dialysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Separation Processes in Membranes: Design, Synthesis and Applications)
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