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Membranes
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Advanced Membrane Technology on Desalination and Concentration
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Advanced Membrane Technology on Desalination and Concentration

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Processing and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2022) | Viewed by 9546

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yoshihiko Sano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
Interests: electrolysis desalination; resource recovery; carbon dioxide capture and storage; modelling of transport phenomena
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue on “Advanced Membrane Technology on Desalination and Concentration” aims to introduce the further possibilities of membrane technology and the latest technology of desalination and concentration. Membrane technology is indispensable in a wide range of industrial fields such as Seawater desalination field, Water purification field, Pharmaceutical field, Food / Beverage field, Chemical / Electronics field, and Recycling field. These technologies are being researched and developed right now, and they will make our lives more comfortable.

This special issue focuses on desalination and concentration. In order to further expand the possibilities of membrane technology, this special issue targets desalination and concentration for any substance or ion. Furthermore, there are no restrictions on the types of membranes (RO, IEM, etc.), and the membrane technology combining different types of membranes is also within the scope of this special issue. This special issue is open to researchers, engineers, and users associated with membrane technologies on desalination and concentration in all fields, and covers a broad range of topics:

・Membrane performance evaluation (e.g., selectivity, permeability, fouling, lifespan, spacers effect, and cost)

・System design and/or industrial examples (unit systems and/or combined systems with other membrane technology)

・Operating conditions, membrane reuse, membrane cleaning, and feasibility studies

・Membrane manufacturing (lab-scale and/or industrial scale)

・Transport phenomena, chemical reactions, mathematical modeling, and numerical simulations

We invite authors to submit original research articles, review papers, and short communications for this special issue on “Advanced Membrane Technology on Desalination and Concentration”.

Dr. Yoshihiko Sano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Membrane transport

  • Desalination and/or Concentration

  • Separation and/or Recovery

  • Unit systems and/or Combined systems

  • System design and/or System evaluation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2379 KiB  
Article
Breaking the Saturated Vapor Layer with a Thin Porous Membrane
by Yaoling Zhang and Fei Guo
Membranes 2022, 12(12), 1231; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121231 - 05 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1320
Abstract
The main idea of membrane distillation is to use a porous hydrophobic membrane as a barrier that isolates vapor from aqueous solutions. It is similar to the evaporation process from a free water surface but introduces solid–liquid interfaces and solid–vapor interfaces to a [...] Read more.
The main idea of membrane distillation is to use a porous hydrophobic membrane as a barrier that isolates vapor from aqueous solutions. It is similar to the evaporation process from a free water surface but introduces solid–liquid interfaces and solid–vapor interfaces to a liquid–vapor interface. The transmembrane mass flux of a membrane-distillation process is affected by the membrane’s intrinsic properties and the temperature gradient across the membrane. It is interesting and important to know whether the evaporation process of membrane distillation is faster or slower than that of a free-surface evaporation under the same conditions and know the capacity of the transmembrane mass flux of a membrane-distillation process. In this work, a set of proof-of-principle experiments with various water surface/membrane interfacial conditions is performed. The effect and mechanism of membrane-induced evaporation are investigated. Moreover, a practical engineering model is proposed based on mathematical fitting and audacious simplification, which reflects the capacity of transmembrane flux. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Membrane Technology on Desalination and Concentration)
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15 pages, 12663 KiB  
Article
Effect of Membrane Orientation and Concentration of Draw Solution on the Behavior of Commercial Osmotic Membrane in a Novel Dynamic Forward Osmosis Tests
by Du Bai and Boguslaw Kruczek
Membranes 2022, 12(4), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040385 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1745
Abstract
Dynamic performance tests, commonly used to characterize gas separation membranes, are not utilized to characterize osmotic membranes. This paper demonstrates the application of a novel dynamic forward osmosis test to characterize a commercial osmotic membrane. In particular, we report the effect of membrane [...] Read more.
Dynamic performance tests, commonly used to characterize gas separation membranes, are not utilized to characterize osmotic membranes. This paper demonstrates the application of a novel dynamic forward osmosis test to characterize a commercial osmotic membrane. In particular, we report the effect of membrane orientation (active layer draw solution (AL-DS) vs. active layer feed solution (AL-FS)) and the draw solution concentration on the membrane’s transient and steady-state behaviors. A step-change in the draw solution concentration initiated the dynamic test, and the mass and concentration of the feed and draw solutions were recorded in real-time. The progress of the experiments in two different membrane orientations is markedly different; also, the draw solution concertation has a different effect in the orientations. A positive salt time lag is observed in both orientations; however, the salt time lag in the AL-FS orientation (4.3–4.6 min) is practically independent of the draw solution concentration, but it increases from 7 to 20 min with the draw solution concertation in the AL-DS orientation. A negative water time lag, ranging from −11 to −20 min depending on the draw solution concentration, is observed in the AL-DS orientation. Still, in the AL-FS orientation, the water flux is practically constant from the experiment’s onset, leading to a negligible water time lag (<1 min). The new method demonstrated in this paper can be a potent tool for characterizing osmotic membranes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Membrane Technology on Desalination and Concentration)
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22 pages, 7308 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Concentration and Temperature on the Membrane Resistance of Ion Exchange Membranes and the Levelised Cost of Hydrogen from Reverse Electrodialysis with Ammonium Bicarbonate
by Yash Dharmendra Raka, Robert Bock, Håvard Karoliussen, Øivind Wilhelmsen and Odne Stokke Burheim
Membranes 2021, 11(2), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020135 - 16 Feb 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3278
Abstract
The ohmic resistances of the anion and cation ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) that constitute a reverse electrodialysis system (RED) are of crucial importance for its performance. In this work, we study the influence of concentration (0.1 M, 0.5 M, 1 M and 2 M) [...] Read more.
The ohmic resistances of the anion and cation ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) that constitute a reverse electrodialysis system (RED) are of crucial importance for its performance. In this work, we study the influence of concentration (0.1 M, 0.5 M, 1 M and 2 M) of ammonium bicarbonate solutions on the ohmic resistances of ten commercial IEMs. We also studied the ohmic resistance at elevated temperature 313 K. Measurements have been performed with a direct two-electrode electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. As the ohmic resistance of the IEMs depends linearly on the membrane thickness, we measured the impedance for three different layered thicknesses, and the results were normalised. To gauge the role of the membrane resistances in the use of RED for production of hydrogen by use of waste heat, we used a thermodynamic and an economic model to study the impact of the ohmic resistance of the IEMs on hydrogen production rate, waste heat required, thermochemical conversion efficiency and the levelised cost of hydrogen. The highest performance was achieved with a stack made of FAS30 and CSO Type IEMs, producing hydrogen at 8.48× 10−7 kg mmem−2s−1 with a waste heat requirement of 344 kWh kg−1 hydrogen. This yielded an operating efficiency of 9.7% and a levelised cost of 7.80 € kgH2−1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Membrane Technology on Desalination and Concentration)
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12 pages, 4858 KiB  
Article
Neutralization of Industrial Water by Electrodialysis
by Oleksandr Petrov, Natalia Iwaszczuk, Tina Kharebava, Irina Bejanidze, Volodymyr Pohrebennyk, Nunu Nakashidze and Anton Petrov
Membranes 2021, 11(2), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020101 - 31 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2069
Abstract
The process of non-reagent adjustment of the pH of a NaCl solution (0.5 g/L) of different acidity was investigated by the method of bipolar electrodialysis on a device operating according to the K-system (concentration). The experiments were carried out in the range pH [...] Read more.
The process of non-reagent adjustment of the pH of a NaCl solution (0.5 g/L) of different acidity was investigated by the method of bipolar electrodialysis on a device operating according to the K-system (concentration). The experiments were carried out in the range pH = 2.0–12.0 with monopolar cation-exchange MK-40 (for alkaline solutions) or anion-exchange MA-40 (for acidic solutions) and bipolar MB-2 membranes. The regularities of the change in the pH of the solution on the current density, process productivity and energy consumption for the neutralization process have been investigated. Revealed: with different productivity of the apparatus (Q = 0.5–1.5 m3/h), in the range of pH 3.0–11.0, with an increase in the current density, a neutral pH value is achieved. It has been shown that at pH above 11.0 and below 3.0, even at high current densities (i > 20 A/m2), its value cannot be changed. This is due to the neutralization of the H+ or OH− ions generated by the bipolar membrane by water ions, which are formed as a result of the dissociation of water molecules at the border of the monopolar membrane and the solution under conditions when the value of current exceeds the limiting value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Membrane Technology on Desalination and Concentration)
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