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Sustainable Cementitious Materials for Civil and Transportation Engineering

by

Junjie Wang

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Jianhe Xie

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Yongliang Liu

Materials 2023, 16(18), 6290; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186290 - 19 Sep 2023

Viewed by 429

Abstract

The current Special Issue entitled “Sustainable Cementitious Materials for Civil and Transportation Engineering” aims to discuss current research on the preparation, characterization, and application of sustainable cementitious materials for civil and transportation engineering, with a special focus on the development of low-carbon construction [...] Read more.

The current Special Issue entitled “Sustainable Cementitious Materials for Civil and Transportation Engineering” aims to discuss current research on the preparation, characterization, and application of sustainable cementitious materials for civil and transportation engineering, with a special focus on the development of low-carbon construction materials [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cementitious Materials for Civil and Transportation Engineering)

Research

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Open AccessArticle

Effects of Fiber and Surface Treatment on Airport Pavement Concrete against Freeze–Thawing and Salt Freezing

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Materials 2022, 15(21), 7528; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217528 - 27 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1005

Abstract

Airport pavement concrete often suffers from freeze–thawing damage in high latitude and cold areas. In addition, the use of aircraft deicer makes the airport pavement concrete suffer from salt-freezing damage. To improve the durability of airport pavement concrete, modified polyester synthetic fiber (FC), [...] Read more.

Airport pavement concrete often suffers from freeze–thawing damage in high latitude and cold areas. In addition, the use of aircraft deicer makes the airport pavement concrete suffer from salt-freezing damage. To improve the durability of airport pavement concrete, modified polyester synthetic fiber (FC), cellulose fiber (CF), and basalt fiber (BF) reinforced concrete were prepared in this paper. The mechanical strength, pore structure, and frost resistance (freeze–thawing and salt freezing) of fiber-reinforced concrete were investigated. The effects of the combined action of fiber (fiber type and content) and surface treatment methods (spraying silane and impregnating silane) on the frost resistance of concrete were investigated. The results show that the flexural strength of concrete is positively correlated with the elastic modulus of fiber, but has little effect on the compressive strength. Fiber can reduce mass loss and dynamic modulus loss of concrete subjected to frost damage. FC more effectively improved the frost resistance of concrete than CF. After 30 cycles of salt freezing, the spalling amount of concrete sprayed or soaked with silane was decreased by 65.5% and 55.5%, respectively. Adding fiber and impregnating silane reduced the spalled concrete by up to 70.5%. Spraying silane treatment is better than impregnating silane treatment in enhancing the frost resistance of concrete because a better silane condensation reaction is achieved with spraying silane. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cementitious Materials for Civil and Transportation Engineering)

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Open AccessArticle

Laboratory Study and Field Validation of the Performance of Salt-Storage Asphalt Mixtures

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Materials 2022, 15(19), 6720; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196720 - 27 Sep 2022

Viewed by 859

Abstract

The traditional method of removing ice and snow on roads carries the risk of damaging roads and the environment. In this circumstance, the technology of salt-storage asphalt pavement has gradually attracted attention. However, snow-melting salts may also have an impact on asphalt mixture [...] Read more.

The traditional method of removing ice and snow on roads carries the risk of damaging roads and the environment. In this circumstance, the technology of salt-storage asphalt pavement has gradually attracted attention. However, snow-melting salts may also have an impact on asphalt mixture performance. To explore the effect of snow-melting salts on the mechanical and surface properties of salt-storage asphalt mixtures (SSAM), SSAMs were prepared with styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt and high-elastic asphalt (HEA) as binders and snow-melting salts as fillers. The influence of the type of asphalt binder and the content of snow-melting salt on the performance of the SSAM was preliminarily investigated through laboratory tests. The results show that the high-temperature, low-temperature, and moisture resistance performance of the SBS group SSAM decreased by 9.8–15.1%, 1.6–12.3%, and 6.3–19.4%, respectively, compared with SBS00. The higher the amount of snow-melting salt, the greater the performance drop. The three mechanical properties of the HEA group containing high-elastic agent TPS are 11.3–19.7%, 4.2–12.3%, and 4.8–13.3% higher than that of the SBS group. Even when the content of snow-melting salt is 50% or 75%, the mechanical properties of the HEA group are better than that of SBS00 without snow-melting salt. Snow-melting salt has clear advantages in improving the anti-skid performance but decreases the anti-spalling performance. The surface properties of the HEA group were also better than that of the SBS group. Considering the mechanical properties and surface properties, the comprehensive performance of the HEA group is better than that of the SBS group, and HEA50 has the best comprehensive performance. In addition, the construction performance of the SSAM has also been verified, and the production of SSAM according to the hot mix asphalt can meet the specification requirements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cementitious Materials for Civil and Transportation Engineering)

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Open AccessArticle

Influence of Fineness Levels and Dosages of Light-Burned Dolomite on Portland Cement Performance

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Materials 2022, 15(16), 5798; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165798 - 22 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1281

Abstract

The paper aims to understand the effect of light-burned dolomite powders (LBD) on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and evaluate the influence of LBD dosages and fineness levels on the mechanical properties and hydration properties of OPC. The LBD/OPC pastes were prepared by OPC [...] Read more.

The paper aims to understand the effect of light-burned dolomite powders (LBD) on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and evaluate the influence of LBD dosages and fineness levels on the mechanical properties and hydration properties of OPC. The LBD/OPC pastes were prepared by OPC blended with LBD at various replacement dosages and fineness levels. The mechanical properties were studied by flexural and compressive strength tests, while the hydration properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and reaction degree of LBD. Experiment results indicated that the flexural and compressive strength of LBD/OPC samples were higher than reference sample at all ages. The fineness levels of LBD was C (C-LBD) with 0.5–1.5 wt% dosages, and the fineness levels of LBD was B (B-LBD) with 1.5–2.5 wt% dosages can significantly improve the strength of cement-based materials. The main mineral components of LBD are MgO and CaCO₃, of which MgO could react with water to form Mg(OH)₂ quickly, and CaCO₃ could hydrate with C₃A to from hydrated calcium carboaluminate (C₃A·CaCO₃·11H₂O), which prevents the conversion of AFt to AFm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cementitious Materials for Civil and Transportation Engineering)

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Open AccessArticle

Research on Mechanical Behavior of the Steel–Concrete–Steel Composite Structures Subjected to High Temperature of Fire

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Materials 2022, 15(14), 4872; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144872 - 13 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 986

Abstract

A new type of steel–concrete–steel composite structure was adopted and widely used in the immersed tunnel of the Shenzhen–Zhongshan access. The research on the mechanical behavior of the new composite structure under a high temperature of fire is of great engineering significance to [...] Read more.

A new type of steel–concrete–steel composite structure was adopted and widely used in the immersed tunnel of the Shenzhen–Zhongshan access. The research on the mechanical behavior of the new composite structure under a high temperature of fire is of great engineering significance to the fire protection design of the structure. Both the model test and a numerical simulation were adopted to study the mechanical behavior and damage characteristics of the new composite structure under fire. The RABT standard temperature rise curve was used to simulate the temperature rising law under fire (it reflects the characteristics of temperature rise in case of fire in an enclosed environment: rapidly raised to 1200 °C within 5 min, maintained at 1200 °C for 120 min, then it is cooled to normal temperature after 110 min). The temperature distribution law inside the structure, the deformation development law of the roof and the crack distribution were analyzed based on the thermal–mechanical coupling analysis method. The results showed that the internal part of the composite structure close to the fire surface was directly affected by the high temperature, and the temperature presented a step distribution law, while the part far from the fire surface was affected by the lag effect of the temperature transfer, and the temperature presented a continuous growth law. The roof deformation presented a three-stage model of “rapid growth-deformation stability-deformation recovery” with time. The overall cracks of the composite structure showed a symmetrical distribution under fire. The composite structure presented a shear failure mode as a whole. The results could provide a reference for the study of fire resistance for the new composite structure and support the structural fire protection design of the immersed tunnel of the Shenzhen–Zhongshan access. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cementitious Materials for Civil and Transportation Engineering)

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Open AccessArticle

Fracture Behavior of Steel Slag Powder-Cement-Based Concrete with Different Steel-Slag-Powder Replacement Ratios

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Materials 2022, 15(6), 2243; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062243 - 18 Mar 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1585

Abstract

The influence of different replacement ratios of steel-slag powder as cement-replacement material on the fracture performance of concrete is studied in this paper. A three-point bending fracture test is carried out on slag powder-cement-based concrete (SPC)-notched beams with steel-slag powder as cementitious materials, [...] Read more.

The influence of different replacement ratios of steel-slag powder as cement-replacement material on the fracture performance of concrete is studied in this paper. A three-point bending fracture test is carried out on slag powder-cement-based concrete (SPC)-notched beams with steel-slag powder as cementitious materials, partially replacing cement (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Load-deflection curves and load-crack-opening displacement curves of SPC-notched beams with five different replacement ratios of steel-slag powder were obtained. The effects of different steel-slag-powder replacement ratios on the fracture properties (fracture energy, fracture toughness, and double-K fracture parameters) of the SPC were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the incorporation of appropriate steel-slag powder can affect the fracture performance of SPC. Compared with concrete without steel-slag powder, adding appropriate steel-slag powder can effectively improve the bond performance between aggregate and matrix because the steel-slag powder contains hydration activity substances such as calcium oxide and aluminium trioxide. The fracture energy and fracture toughness of SPC increased and then decreased with the increase in steel-slag-powder replacement ratios, and the SPC concrete showed best fracture performance with a 5% steel slag powder replacement ratio. Its fracture energy increases by 13.63% and fracture toughness increases by 53.22% compared with NC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cementitious Materials for Civil and Transportation Engineering)

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Review

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Open AccessReview

Does Current Knowledge Give a Variety of Possibilities for the Stabilization/Solidification of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals?—A Review

by

Agnieszka Lal

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Joanna Fronczyk

Materials 2022, 15(23), 8491; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238491 - 28 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1209

Abstract

Stabilization/solidification of contaminated soil is a process that allows simultaneous strengthening of the soil structure, disposal of contamination and recycling of industrial waste, implemented as substitutes for Portland cement or additives to improve the properties of the final product obtained. Extremely intensive development [...] Read more.

Stabilization/solidification of contaminated soil is a process that allows simultaneous strengthening of the soil structure, disposal of contamination and recycling of industrial waste, implemented as substitutes for Portland cement or additives to improve the properties of the final product obtained. Extremely intensive development of studies pertaining to the S/S process prompted the authors to systematize the binders used and the corresponding methods of binding the contamination, and to perform an analysis of the effectiveness expressed in geomechanical properties and leachability. The study pays close attention to the types of additives and binders of waste origin, as well as the ecological and economic benefits of their use. The methods of preparing and caring for the specimens were reviewed, in addition to the methods of testing the effectiveness of the S/S process, including the influence of aging factors on long-term properties. The results of the analyses carried out are presented in the form of diagrams and charts, facilitating individual evaluation of the various solutions for the stabilization/solidification of soils contaminated with heavy metals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cementitious Materials for Civil and Transportation Engineering)

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Open AccessReview

Cementitious Grouts for Semi-Flexible Pavement Surfaces—A Review

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Muhammad Imran Khan

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Muslich Hartadi Sutanto

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Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin

Materials 2022, 15(15), 5466; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155466 - 08 Aug 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2328

Abstract

The hybrid type of pavement called semi-flexible or grouted macadam has gained popularity over the last few decades in various countries, as it provides significant advantages over both rigid and conventional flexible pavements. The semi-flexible pavement surface consists of an open-graded asphalt mixture [...] Read more.

The hybrid type of pavement called semi-flexible or grouted macadam has gained popularity over the last few decades in various countries, as it provides significant advantages over both rigid and conventional flexible pavements. The semi-flexible pavement surface consists of an open-graded asphalt mixture with high percentage voids into which flowable cementitious slurry is allowed to penetrate due to gravitational effect. Several researchers have conducted laboratory, as well as field, experiments on evaluating the performance of semi-flexible layers using different compositions of cementitious grouts. The composition of grouts (i.e., water/cement ratio, superplasticizer, polymers, admixtures, and other supplementary materials) has a significant effect on the performance of grouts and semi-flexible mixtures. A comprehensive review of cementitious grouts and their effect on the performance of semi-flexible layers are presented and summarized in this review study. The effect of byproducts and other admixtures/additives on the mechanical properties of grouts are also discussed. Finally, recommendations on the composition of cementitious grouts have been suggested. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Cementitious Materials for Civil and Transportation Engineering)

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