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Bioceramic Composites for Biomedical Applications
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Bioceramic Composites for Biomedical Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 20489

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pedro de Sousa Gomes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LAQV/Requimte - U. Porto, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
Interests: bone tissue engineering; biological characterization of biomaterials; bone healing in compromised conditions
Prof. Dr. Maria Helena Fernandes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. BoneLab–Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
2. LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal
Interests: nanomaterials; biomaterials; biological characterization; bone regeneration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioceramic composites have been receiving increased attention, given the attained relevant performance of these biomaterials in distinct technological and human health-related applications. These materials revolutionized the management of distinct pathologic conditions, particularly afecting mineralized tissues—bone, cartilage, and teeth—further allowing the development of new therapeutic approaches to improve patients’ life quaility. Recent innovations, settled on multifunctional properties, with smart added value (e.g., release of drugs/growth factors, enahnced biological functionality, antibacterial activity), were ackowledged by the scientific community to manage societal challenges and specific patients’ needs.

In spite of the recent and significant advances in this field, many challenges still exist, originating from the need for a detailed comprehension of the numerous mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological interactions that are associated with the application of these complex systems.

In this context, this Special Issue is aimed at showcasing the most recent and innovative advances of biomedical applications of bioceramic composites, covering original full-text investigations, short communications, and comprehensive reviews, bringing together knowledge from different fields.

Topics of significant interest include but are not limited to:

  • Composite tissue engineering constructs, with biocermics, for enhanced tissue regeneration;
  • Smart bioceramic composites for drug/growth factors release;
  • Ceramic-loaded composite structures for hard tissue-related applications;
  • Ceramic-containing composites for dental applications—processing, phsyicochemical, and biomechanical properties;
  • Composite coatings and films, with a bioceramic component, for biomedical applications;
  • Innovative processing routes (e.g., 3D printing and bio-manufacturing) of bioceramic-based composites;
  • Development and validation of standard practices for testing and development of bioceramic-containing biomedical composites.

Assoc. Prof. Pedro de Sousa Gomes
Prof. Maria Helena Fernandes
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • composites
  • bioceramics
  • processing routes
  • physical–chemical properties
  • biological functionality
  • hard tissues
  • bone
  • scaffolds
  • coatings and films

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3033 KiB  
Article
Rosehip Extract-Functionalized Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles and Its Effect on Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Cells
by Laura Costa Pinho, Thais Francini Garbieri, Liliana Grenho, Marta M. Alves, Pedro Sousa Gomes, Carlos Ferreira Santos, Maria Helena Fernandes, Catarina Santos and Bruno Colaço
Materials 2021, 14(15), 4172; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154172 - 27 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2482
Abstract
Considering the role of magnesium in bone metabolism and the increasing relevance of plant-mediated green-synthesis, this work compares the bone cytocompatibility of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) produced by using pure water, Mg(OH)2, or a rosehip (RH) aqueous extract, Mg(OH)2RH. [...] Read more.
Considering the role of magnesium in bone metabolism and the increasing relevance of plant-mediated green-synthesis, this work compares the bone cytocompatibility of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) produced by using pure water, Mg(OH)2, or a rosehip (RH) aqueous extract, Mg(OH)2RH. The NPs were evaluated for dose- and time-dependent effects on human osteoblastic and osteoclastic response, due to the direct involvement of the two cell types in bone metabolism. Mg(OH)2 NPs presented nanoplatelet-like morphology (mean diameter ~90 nm) and a crystalline structure (XRD analysis); the RH-mediated synthesis yielded smaller rounded particles (mean diameter <10 nm) with decreased crystallinity. On the ATR–FTIR spectra, both NPs presented the characteristic Mg-OH peaks; Mg(OH)2RH exhibited additional vibration bands associated with the presence of phytochemicals. On osteoblastic cells, NPs did not affect cell growth and morphology but significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity; on osteoclastic cells, particles had little effect in protein content, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, percentage of multinucleated cells, and cell area. However, compared with Mg(OH)2, Mg(OH)2RH increased osteoblastic differentiation by inducing ALP activity and promoting the expression of Runx2, SP7, Col1a1, and ALP, and had a negative effect on the expression of the osteoclastic genes NFATC1, CA2, and CTSK. These observations suggest the potential usefulness of Mg(OH)2RH NPs in bone regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioceramic Composites for Biomedical Applications)
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16 pages, 3177 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Bone Healing Process Mediated by Periosteum-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells’ Secretome and a Xenogenic Bioceramic—An In Vivo Study in the Rabbit Critical Size Calvarial Defect Model
by Mindaugas Pranskunas, Egidijus Šimoliūnas, Milda Alksne, Victor Martin, Pedro Sousa Gomes, Algirdas Puisys, Algirdas Kaupinis and Gintaras Juodzbalys
Materials 2021, 14(13), 3512; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133512 - 24 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1766
Abstract
The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome has been considered an innovative therapeutic biological approach, able to modulate cellular crosstalk and functionality for enhanced tissue repair and regeneration. This study aims to evaluate the functionality of the secretome isolated from periosteum-derived MSCs, from either [...] Read more.
The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome has been considered an innovative therapeutic biological approach, able to modulate cellular crosstalk and functionality for enhanced tissue repair and regeneration. This study aims to evaluate the functionality of the secretome isolated from periosteum-derived MSCs, from either basal or osteogenic-induced conditions, in the healing of a critical size calvarial bone defect in the rabbit model. A bioceramic xenograft was used as the vehicle for secretome delivery, and the biological response to the established biocomposite system was assessed by clinical, histological, histomorphometric, and microtomographic analysis. A comparative analysis revealed that the osteogenic-induced secretome presented an increased diversity of proteins, with emphasis on those related to osteogenesis. Microtomographic and histological morphometric analysis revealed that bioceramic xenografts implanted with secretomes enhanced the new bone formation process, with the osteogenic-induced secretome inducing the highest bone tissue formation. The application of the MSC secretome, particularly from osteogenic-induced populations, may be regarded as an effective therapeutic approach to enhance bone tissue healing and regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioceramic Composites for Biomedical Applications)
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13 pages, 8037 KiB  
Article
Histomorphometric, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural Characterization of a Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Composite and a Bone Xenograft in Sub-Critical Size Bone Defect in Rat Calvaria
by Igor da Silva Brum, Lucio Frigo, Renan Lana Devita, Jorge Luís da Silva Pires, Victor Hugo Vieira de Oliveira, Ana Lucia Rosa Nascimento and Jorge José de Carvalho
Materials 2020, 13(20), 4598; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204598 - 15 Oct 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3799
Abstract
Nowadays, we can observe a worldwide trend towards the development of synthetic biomaterials. Several studies have been conducted to better understand the cellular mechanisms involved in the processes of inflammation and bone healing related to living tissues. The aim of this study was [...] Read more.
Nowadays, we can observe a worldwide trend towards the development of synthetic biomaterials. Several studies have been conducted to better understand the cellular mechanisms involved in the processes of inflammation and bone healing related to living tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate tissue behaviors of two different types of biomaterials: synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate composite and bone xenograft in sub-critical bone defects in rat calvaria. Twenty-four rats underwent experimental surgery in which two 3 mm defects in each cavity were tested. Rats were divided into two groups: Group 1 used xenogen hydroxyapatite (Bio Oss™); Group 2 used synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate (Blue Bone™). Sixty days after surgery, calvaria bone defects were filled with biomaterial, animals were euthanized, and tissues were stained with Masson’s trichrome and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) techniques, immune-labeled with anti-TNF-α and anti-MMP-9, and electron microscopy analyses were also performed. Histomorphometric analysis indicated a greater presence of protein matrix in Group 2, in addition to higher levels of TNF-α and MMP-9. Ultrastructural analysis showed that biomaterial fibroblasts were associated with the tissue regeneration stage. Paired statistical data indicated that Blue Bone™ can improve bone formation/remodeling when compared to biomaterials of xenogenous origin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioceramic Composites for Biomedical Applications)
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15 pages, 5309 KiB  
Article
3D Printing of Piezoelectric Barium Titanate-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with Interconnected Porosity for Bone Tissue Engineering
by Christian Polley, Thomas Distler, Rainer Detsch, Henrik Lund, Armin Springer, Aldo R. Boccaccini and Hermann Seitz
Materials 2020, 13(7), 1773; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071773 - 09 Apr 2020
Cited by 81 | Viewed by 8287
Abstract
The prevalence of large bone defects is still a major problem in surgical clinics. It is, thus, not a surprise that bone-related research, especially in the field of bone tissue engineering, is a major issue in medical research. Researchers worldwide are searching for [...] Read more.
The prevalence of large bone defects is still a major problem in surgical clinics. It is, thus, not a surprise that bone-related research, especially in the field of bone tissue engineering, is a major issue in medical research. Researchers worldwide are searching for the missing link in engineering bone graft materials that mimic bones, and foster osteogenesis and bone remodeling. One approach is the combination of additive manufacturing technology with smart and additionally electrically active biomaterials. In this study, we performed a three-dimensional (3D) printing process to fabricate piezoelectric, porous barium titanate (BaTiO3) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite scaffolds. The printed scaffolds indicate good cytocompatibility and cell attachment as well as bone mimicking piezoelectric properties with a piezoelectric constant of 3 pC/N. This work represents a promising first approach to creating an implant material with improved bone regenerating potential, in combination with an interconnected porous network and a microporosity, known to enhance bone growth and vascularization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioceramic Composites for Biomedical Applications)
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17 pages, 1198 KiB  
Review
Advances in 3D-Printed Surface-Modified Ca-Si Bioceramic Structures and Their Potential for Bone Tumor Therapy
by Linh B. Truong, David Medina Cruz, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Catherine P. O’Connell and Thomas J. Webster
Materials 2021, 14(14), 3844; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143844 - 09 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3337
Abstract
Bioceramics such as calcium silicate (Ca-Si), have gained a lot of interest in the biomedical field due to their strength, osteogenesis capability, mechanical stability, and biocompatibility. As such, these materials are excellent candidates to promote bone and tissue regeneration along with treating bone [...] Read more.
Bioceramics such as calcium silicate (Ca-Si), have gained a lot of interest in the biomedical field due to their strength, osteogenesis capability, mechanical stability, and biocompatibility. As such, these materials are excellent candidates to promote bone and tissue regeneration along with treating bone cancer. Bioceramic scaffolds, functionalized with appropriate materials, can achieve desirable photothermal effects, opening up a bifunctional approach to osteosarcoma treatments—simultaneously killing cancerous cells while expediting healthy bone tissue regeneration. At the same time, they can also be used as vehicles and cargo structures to deliver anticancer drugs and molecules in a targeted manner to tumorous tissue. However, the traditional synthesis routes for these bioceramic scaffolds limit the macro-, micro-, and nanostructures necessary for maximal benefits for photothermal therapy and drug delivery. Therefore, a different approach to formulate bioceramic scaffolds has emerged in the form of 3D printing, which offers a sustainable, highly reproducible, and scalable method for the production of valuable biomedical materials. Here, calcium silicate (Ca-Si) is reviewed as a novel 3D printing base material, functionalized with highly photothermal materials for osteosarcoma therapy and drug delivery platforms. Consequently, this review aims to detail advances made towards functionalizing 3D-printed Ca-Si and similar bioceramic scaffold structures as well as their resulting applications for various aspects of tumor therapy, with a focus on the external surface and internal dispersion functionalization of the scaffolds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioceramic Composites for Biomedical Applications)
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