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Liquid Metals: From Fundamentals to Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 September 2024 | Viewed by 862

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of New Materials and New Energies Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
Interests: liquid metals; surface tension; interfacial phenomena; colloidal chemistry; diamond coatings

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
Interests: liquid metal; surface wettability; soft robots

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metal and alloy liquids at or near room temperature have intrigued humankind for centuries. Recently, mercury was phased out in ample applications due to its toxicity and safety concerns. In lieu of mercury, gallium-based liquid metals have garnered renewed attention by the scientific community due to their safety and a combination of advantageous thermophysical properties. Further interesting alloys are based on indium (i.e., Field’s metal) and alkali metals. 

In particular, gallium-based alloys have been exploited for various applications, ranging from chemical (micro-)reactors and reaction environments (i.e., for galvanic replacement reactions and generation of thin metal oxides) via drug carriers to flexible electronics and thermal interface materials. The application of these alloys requires a fundamental understanding of liquid metals and their behavior (i.e., wetting, adhesion, alloying/corrosion/reactivity, viscosity, melting temperature and so on). Further, it necessitates detailed knowledge on the means to manipulate its properties and shape/location, i.e., for patterning techniques, and to limit liquid metal corrosion/embrittlement.

Therefore, this Special Issue invites research and review articles presenting fundamental knowledge on liquid metals (i.e., thermophysical properties/corrosion), articles bridging the gap between fundamental knowledge and application/device fabrication, and articles illustrating new or improved fabrication strategies or new applications.

Dr. Stephan Handschuh-Wang
Dr. Ben Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • liquid metals
  • gallium
  • thermophysical properties
  • wetting
  • nano liquid metals
  • patterning techniques
  • liquid metal corrosion
  • device fabrication

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 9109 KiB  
Article
Rapid Prototyping of Anomalous Reflective Metasurfaces Using Spray-Coated Liquid Metal
by Glan Allan V. Manio, Matthew T. Kouchi, Saige J. Dacuycuy, Aaron T. Ohta and Wayne A. Shiroma
Materials 2024, 17(9), 2003; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17092003 - 25 Apr 2024
Viewed by 294
Abstract
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have the potential to improve wireless communication links by dynamically redirecting signals to dead spots. Although a reconfigurable surface is best suited for environments in which the reflected signal must be dynamically steered, there are cases where a static, [...] Read more.
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have the potential to improve wireless communication links by dynamically redirecting signals to dead spots. Although a reconfigurable surface is best suited for environments in which the reflected signal must be dynamically steered, there are cases where a static, non-reconfigurable anomalous reflective metasurface can suffice. In this work, spray-coated liquid metal is used to rapidly prototype an anomalous reflective metasurface. Using a pressurized air gun and a plastic thin-film mask, a metasurface consisting of a 6 × 4 array of Galinstan liquid–metal elements is sprayed within minutes. The metasurface produces a reflected wave at an angle of 28° from normal in response to a normal incident 3.5-GHz electromagnetic plane wave. The spray-coated liquid–metal metasurface shows comparable results to an anomalous reflective metasurface with copper elements of the same dimensions, demonstrating that this liquid–metal fabrication process is a viable solution for the rapid prototyping of anomalous reflective metasurfaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid Metals: From Fundamentals to Applications)
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12 pages, 2672 KiB  
Article
Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of High-Linearity Liquid Metal-Based Flexible Strain Sensor
by Cheng Li, Chengjun Zhang, Haoyu Li, Zexiang Luo, Yuanchen Zhang, Xun Hou, Qing Yang and Feng Chen
Materials 2024, 17(9), 1979; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17091979 - 24 Apr 2024
Viewed by 165
Abstract
Liquid metal (LM) is widely used in flexible electronic devices due to its excellent metallic conductivity and ductility. However, the fabrication of LM flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity and linearity is still a huge challenge, since the resistance of LM does not [...] Read more.
Liquid metal (LM) is widely used in flexible electronic devices due to its excellent metallic conductivity and ductility. However, the fabrication of LM flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity and linearity is still a huge challenge, since the resistance of LM does not change much with strain. Here, a highly sensitive and linear fully flexible strain sensor with a resistive sensing function is proposed. The sensor comprises an Fe-doped liquid metal (Fe-LM) electrode for enhanced performance. The design and manufacturing of flexible strain sensors are based on the technology of controlling surface wettability by femtosecond laser micro/nano-processing. A supermetalphobic microstructure is constructed on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate to achieve the selection adhesion of Fe-LM on the PDMS substrate. The Fe-LM-based flexible strain sensor has high sensitivity and linearity, a gauge factor (GF) up to 1.18 in the strain range of 0–100%, excellent linearity with an R2 of 0.9978, a fast response time of 358 ms, and an excellent durability of more than 2400 load cycles. Additionally, the successful monitoring of human body signals demonstrates the potential of our developed flexible strain sensor in wearable monitoring applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid Metals: From Fundamentals to Applications)
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