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Porous Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, Volume II
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Porous Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, Volume II

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Porous Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2024 | Viewed by 5282

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Francesco Baino

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Guest Editor
Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
Interests: ceramics; glasses; porous materials; additive manufacturing; bioactive glasses; bioceramics; composites; tissue engineering; multifunctional biomaterials; biomedical scaffolds; advanced ceramics; sustainable materials; waste management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

After our successful first volume of the Special Issue “Porous Ceramics, Glasses and Composites”, we decided to make the special issue as a collection on porous ceramics, glasses and composites. The importance of porous materials has recently grown because of their versatile and multiple industrial and high-tech applications, covering different fields from energetic to biomedical. Nowadays, porous ceramics are used to fabricate a huge variety of devices such as hot gas or dust collectors, absorbers, thermal insulators, dielectric resonators, engine components for automobile and also biomaterials, drug delivery devices, and bioreactors. The wide use of these materials is explained by their appealing properties such as chemical, biological and thermal resistance, low thermal conductivity, and relatively low density. Furthermore, the most attractive property of porous ceramics is their permeability which confers to these materials the ability to filter, deliver and release different fluids, substances and particles. In the fabrication of porous ceramic materials, a key factor is represented by the control of pore characteristics (e.g. amount, geometry, interconnectivity etc.) that can be tailored by properly setting the parameters in several processing methods. An important role is also played by raw materials features, type of binder used, and sintering parameters which can all impact the final porosity in terms of pore size and distribution.

This Special Issue will provide readers with up-to-date information on the recent progress in the fields of porous ceramics, with an emphasis on their many applications and the different manufacturing processes employed to realize them.

Contributing papers, both research articles and comprehensive reviews, are solicited in all the relevant areas for porous ceramics, including:

  • Thermal and acoustic insulation
  • Construction
  • Filtration
  • Catalysis
  • Biomedical applications
  • Porous materials for the circular economy
  • Diffusion processes in porous media
  • Ceramic and glass foams
  • Analysis of porous materials

Dr. Francesco Baino
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • porous materials
  • mesoporous ceramics
  • porous glasses
  • scaffolds
  • sintering
  • foaming
  • adsorbent
  • catalytic support
  • additive manufacturing
  • porous composites

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 173 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue: Porous Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, Volume II
by Francesco Baino
Materials 2023, 16(17), 5971; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16175971 - 31 Aug 2023
Viewed by 501
Abstract
This Special Issue, titled “Porous Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, Volume II”, aims to present an up-to-date overview of the synthesis/fabrication, characterization, and applications of porous materials, with a special focus on ceramics, glasses, and composites [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, Volume II)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

15 pages, 2059 KiB  
Article
Large Cyclability of Elastocaloric Effect in Highly Porous Ni-Fe-Ga Foams
by Muhammad Imran, Mingfang Qian, Xuexi Zhang and Lin Geng
Materials 2024, 17(6), 1272; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061272 - 09 Mar 2024
Viewed by 519
Abstract
Solid-state refrigeration based on elastocaloric materials (eCMs) requires reversibility and repeatability. However, the intrinsic intergranular brittleness of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FMSMAs) limits fatigue life and, thus, is the crucial bottleneck for its industrial applications. Significant cyclic stability of elastocaloric effects (eCE) via [...] Read more.
Solid-state refrigeration based on elastocaloric materials (eCMs) requires reversibility and repeatability. However, the intrinsic intergranular brittleness of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FMSMAs) limits fatigue life and, thus, is the crucial bottleneck for its industrial applications. Significant cyclic stability of elastocaloric effects (eCE) via 53% porosity in Ni-Fe-Ga FMSMA has already been proven. Here, Ni-Fe-Ga foams (single-/hierarchical pores) with high porosity of 64% and 73% via tailoring the material’s architecture to optimize the eCE performances are studied. A completely reversible superelastic behavior at room temperature (297 K) is demonstrated in high porosity (64–73%) Ni-Fe-Ga foams with small stress hysteresis, which is greatly conducive to durable fatigue life. Consequentially, hierarchical pore foam with 64% porosity exhibits a maximum reversible ∆Tad of 2.0 K at much lower stress of 45 MPa with a large COPmat of 34. Moreover, it shows stable elastocaloric behavior (ΔTad = 2.0 K) over >300 superelastic cycles with no significant deterioration. The enhanced eCE cyclability can be attributed to the pore hierarchies, which remarkably reduce the grain boundary constraints and/or limit the propagation of cracks to induce multiple stress-induced martensitic transformations (MTs). Therefore, this work paves the way for designing durable fatigue life FMSMAs as promising eCMs by manipulating the material architectures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, Volume II)
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19 pages, 6043 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial Cu-Doped TiO2 Coatings on the β Ti-30Nb-5Mo Alloy by Micro-Arc Oxidation
by Giovana Collombaro Cardoso, Katia Barbaro, Pedro Akira Bazaglia Kuroda, Angela De Bonis, Roberto Teghil, Ivan I. Krasnyuk, Jr., Luca Imperatori, Carlos Roberto Grandini and Julietta V. Rau
Materials 2024, 17(1), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17010156 - 27 Dec 2023
Viewed by 897
Abstract
Among the different surface modification techniques, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is explored for its ability to enhance the surface properties of Ti alloys by creating a controlled and durable oxide layer. The incorporation of Cu ions during the MAO process introduces additional functionalities to [...] Read more.
Among the different surface modification techniques, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is explored for its ability to enhance the surface properties of Ti alloys by creating a controlled and durable oxide layer. The incorporation of Cu ions during the MAO process introduces additional functionalities to the surface, offering improved corrosion resistance and antimicrobial activity. In this study, the β-metastable Ti-30Nb-5Mo alloy was oxidated through the MAO method to create a Cu-doped TiO2 coating. The quantity of Cu ions in the electrolyte was changed (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 mMol) to develop coatings with different Cu concentrations. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, contact angle, and Vickers microhardness techniques were applied to characterize the deposited coatings. Cu incorporation increased the antimicrobial activity of the coatings, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria strains, and Candida albicans fungus by approximately 44%, 37%, 19%, and 41%, respectively. Meanwhile, the presence of Cu did not inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. The hardness of all the deposited coatings was between 4 and 5 GPa. All the coatings were non-cytotoxic for adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC), promoting approximately 90% of cell growth and not affecting the AMSC differentiation into the osteogenic lineage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, Volume II)
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10 pages, 1213 KiB  
Article
Production of Porous Biochar from Cow Dung Using Microwave Process
by Wen-Tien Tsai, Li-An Kuo, Chi-Hung Tsai, Hsiang-Lan Huang, Ru-Yuan Yang and Jen-Hsiung Tsai
Materials 2023, 16(24), 7667; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16247667 - 15 Dec 2023
Viewed by 713
Abstract
To valorize livestock manure, the present study investigated the production of biochar from cow dung (CD) by microwave pyrolysis. The pore properties and chemical characteristics of CD and CD-based biochar products were found to correlate with the process parameters like microwave power (300–1000 [...] Read more.
To valorize livestock manure, the present study investigated the production of biochar from cow dung (CD) by microwave pyrolysis. The pore properties and chemical characteristics of CD and CD-based biochar products were found to correlate with the process parameters like microwave power (300–1000 W) and residence time (5–20 min). The findings indicated that CD is an excellent biomass based on the richness of lignocellulosic constituents from the results of proximate analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Higher calorific values were obtained at mild microwave conditions, giving the maximal enhancement factor 139% in comparison with the calorific value of CD (18.97 MJ/kg). Also, it can be concluded that the biochar product obtained at 800 W for a holding time of 5 min had the maximal BET surface area of 127 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.104 cm3/g, which were microporous and mesoporous in the nitrogen adsorption–desorption adsorption analysis. On the other hand, the CD-based biochar contained oxygen-containing functional groups and inorganic minerals based on the spectroscopic analyses by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thus featuring to be prone to hydrophilicity in aqueous solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, Volume II)
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11 pages, 3619 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Physical Activation Process by CO2 for Activated Carbon Preparation from Honduras Mahogany Pod Husk
by Chi-Hung Tsai and Wen-Tien Tsai
Materials 2023, 16(19), 6558; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196558 - 05 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 829
Abstract
In this work, the Honduras Mahogany (Swietenia macropnylla King, SMK) seed husk was used as a novel biomass resource for producing activated carbon by physical activation. The texture characteristics and chemical characterization of resulting products were investigated in correlation with the process [...] Read more.
In this work, the Honduras Mahogany (Swietenia macropnylla King, SMK) seed husk was used as a novel biomass resource for producing activated carbon by physical activation. The texture characteristics and chemical characterization of resulting products were investigated in correlation with the process parameters. Based on the thermochemical properties of the SMK biomass, the process conditions were set to a rate of about 10 °C/min under nitrogen (N2) flow of 500 cm3/min heated to 500 °C, then switched to carbon dioxide (CO2) flow of 100 cm3/min in the specified activation conditions (i.e., temperature of 700–850 °C for holding times of 0–60 min). Our findings showed that the texture characteristics (i.e., surface area and pore volume) increased with an activation temperature increase from 700 to 800 °C for a holding time of 30 min but gradually decreased as the temperature increased thereafter. Similarly, the texture characteristics also indicated an increasing trend with the residence time extending from 0 min to 30 min but slightly decreased as the time was extended to 60 min. Therefore, the optimal activation conditions for producing SMK-based activated carbon should be set at 800 °C for a holding time of 30 min to obtain the maximal texture characteristics (i.e., BET surface area of 966 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.43 cm3/g). On the other hand, the chemical characteristics were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), showing oxygen complexes contained on the hydrophilic surface of the resulting activated carbon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, Volume II)
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18 pages, 11323 KiB  
Article
Open-Cell AlSn6Cu-SiC Composites: Fabrication, Dry-Sliding Wear Behavior, and Machine Learning Methods for Wear Prediction
by Mihail Kolev, Ludmil Drenchev, Veselin Petkov, Rositza Dimitrova and Daniela Kovacheva
Materials 2023, 16(18), 6208; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186208 - 14 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1074
Abstract
Open-cell AMMCs are high-strength and lightweight materials with applications in different types of industries. However, one of the main goals in using these materials is to enhance their tribological behavior, which improves their durability and performance under frictional conditions. This study presents an [...] Read more.
Open-cell AMMCs are high-strength and lightweight materials with applications in different types of industries. However, one of the main goals in using these materials is to enhance their tribological behavior, which improves their durability and performance under frictional conditions. This study presents an approach for fabricating and predicting the wear behavior of open-cell AlSn6Cu-SiC composites, which are a type of porous AMMCs with improved tribological properties. The composites were fabricated using liquid-state processing, and their tribological properties are investigated by the pin-on-disk method under different loads (50 N and 100 N) and with dry-sliding friction. The microstructure and phase composition of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The mass wear and coefficient of friction (COF) of the materials were measured as quantitative indicators of their tribological behavior. The results showed that the open-cell AlSn6Cu-SiC composite had an enhanced tribological behavior compared to the open-cell AlSn6Cu material in terms of mass wear (38% decrease at 50 N and 31% decrease at 100 N) while maintaining the COF at the same level. The COF of the composites was predicted by six different machine learning methods based on the experimental data. The performance of these models was evaluated by various metrics (R2, MSE, RMSE, and MAE) on the validation and test sets. Based on the results, the open-cell AlSn6Cu-SiC composite outperformed the open-cell AlSn6Cu material in terms of mass loss under different loads with similar COF values. The ML models that were used can predict the COF accurately and reliably based on features, but they are affected by data quality and quantity, overfitting or underfitting, and load change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Ceramics, Glasses and Composites, Volume II)
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