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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Porous Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2023) | Viewed by 8201

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Prof. Dr. Antonio Gil Bravo

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INAMAT^2-Departamento de Ciencias, Edificio de los Acebos, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
Interests: preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity of metal-supported catalysts; surface properties of solids; pollutants adsorption; environmental management; industrial waste valorization
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Dear Colleagues,

Porous materials featuring high surface areas, narrow pore size distribution, and tunable pore diameters have attracted a great deal of attention due to their relevant properties and applications in various areas including adsorption, separation, sensing, catalysis, pollutant removal, CO₂ capture, energy storage, catalytic oxidation and reduction processes, conversion of biomass to biofuels, and drug delivery. Due to the development of a wide range of these materials with varying morphologies (e.g., hexagonal, cubic, rod-like), chemistry (e.g., silicates, carbons, metal oxides, hybrid materials, metal-organic frameworks), and functionalities, this field is currently one of the most advanced in materials science.

This Special Issue aims to collect novel research studies or comprehensive review papers in the fields of synthesis, design, characterization, modeling, and applications of porous materials and their biomedical applications.

Prof. Dr. Antonio Gil Bravo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

activated carbons
clays
hydrotalcite-like compounds
metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)
nanoporous materials
ordered mesoporous materials
pillared interlayered clays (PILC)
polymers
zeolites and zeolite-like materials
adsorption applications
air pollution control
catalytic applications
purification/separation of gases and liquids
removal of pollutants
sensors
wastewater treatment

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 8907 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Mesoporous Silica Modified with Polydopamine and Zinc Ions as a Potential Carrier in the Controlled Release of Mercaptopurine

by Mariusz Sandomierski, Martyna Chojnacka, Maria Długosz, Monika Pokora, Joanna Zwolińska, Łukasz Majchrzycki and Adam Voelkel

Materials 2023, 16(12), 4358; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16124358 - 13 Jun 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1061

Abstract

Mercaptopurine is one of the drugs used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A problem with mercaptopurine therapy is its low bioavailability. This problem can be solved by preparing the carrier that releases the drug in lower doses but over a longer period of time. In this work, polydopamine-modified mesoporous silica with adsorbed zinc ions was used as a drug carrier. SEM images confirm the synthesis of spherical carrier particles. The particle size is close to 200 nm, allowing for its use in intravenous delivery. The zeta potential values for the drug carrier indicate that it is not prone to agglomeration. The effectiveness of drug sorption is indicated by a decrease in the zeta potential and new bands in the FT-IR spectra. The drug was released from the carrier for 15 h, so all of the drug can be released during circulation in the bloodstream. The release of the drug from the carrier was sustained, and no ‘burst release’ was observed. The material also released small amounts of zinc, which are important in the treatment of the disease because these ions can prevent some of the adverse effects of chemotherapy. The results obtained are promising and have great application potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Materials for Biomedical Applications)

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13 pages, 19711 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Desulfurization by Tannin Extract Absorption Assisted by Binuclear Sulfonated Phthalocyanine Cobalt Polymer: Performance and Mechanism

by Bing Wang, Huanyu Chen, Xingguang Hao, Kai Li, Xin Sun, Yuan Li and Ping Ning

Materials 2023, 16(6), 2343; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062343 - 15 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1216

Abstract

Removal of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from coke oven gas has attracted increasing attention due to economic and environmental concerns. In this study, tannin extract (TE) absorption combined with binuclear sulfonated phthalocyanine cobalt organic polymer (OTS) and binuclear sulfonated phthalocyanine cobalt (PDS) with a fixed bed reactor is used for removal of H₂S. The effect of gas flow rate, concentration of H₂S, co-existence of organic sulfide compounds and O₂ were investigated. Then, the effect of total alkalinity content of TE, NaVO₃, OTS and PDS was studied in detail. The experimental results demonstrated that 100% H₂S conversion could maintain for 13 h at a total alkalinity of 5.0 g/L, TE concentration of 4.0 g/L, NaVO₃ concentration of 5 g/L, and OTS and PDS concentration of 0.2 g/L and 0.2 g/L, respectively. The OTS and PDS showed synergistic effect on boosting TE desulfurization efficiency. The results provide a new route for the investigation of liquid catalyzed oxidation desulfurization in an efficient and low-cost way. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Materials for Biomedical Applications)

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18 pages, 3284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Different Amine Catalysts on the Thermomechanical and Cytotoxic Properties of ‘Visco’-Type Polyurethane Foam for Biomedical Applications

by Dominik Grzęda, Grzegorz Węgrzyk, Adriana Nowak, Gabriela Komorowska, Leonard Szczepkowski and Joanna Ryszkowska

Materials 2023, 16(4), 1527; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041527 - 11 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1959

Abstract

Components for manufacturing polyurethane foams can adversely affect the human body, particularly if they are in contact with it for long periods. In applications where the foam is not placed directly into the body, the study of the product’s effects is often neglected. In the case of human skin, distinguishing the increasingly frequent problems of skin atopy, more attention should be paid to this. This paper presents the influence of the different catalytic systems on cytotoxic and thermomechanical properties in polyurethane foams. Among others, foams were produced with the most popular catalysts on the market, DABCO and a metal-organic tin catalyst. The foams were characterized by thermomechanical properties and were subjected to a cytotoxicity test against human keratinocytes. In biocompatibility tests with skin cells, the results were highly variable. VAB 2 with a catalytic system consisting of commercial Diethanolamine and Addocat^®105 performed the best. However, with such a catalytic system, the mechanical properties have worsened. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Materials for Biomedical Applications)

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19 pages, 8739 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Mesoporous Silica Materials Loaded with Polyphenols: Caffeic Acid, Ferulic Acid and p-Coumaric Acid as Dietary Supplements for Oral Administration

by Gabriela Petrisor, Ludmila Motelica, Denisa Ficai, Roxana Doina Trusca, Vasile-Adrian Surdu, Georgeta Voicu, Ovidiu Cristian Oprea, Anton Ficai and Ecaterina Andronescu

Materials 2022, 15(22), 7982; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15227982 - 11 Nov 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2073

Abstract

In this study, two types of mesoporous silica with different pore structures and volumes were synthesized by the soft-templating method. The two types of mesoporous silica, type MCM-41 and MCM-48, were loaded with three polyphenols—caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and trans-ferulic acid—in the same ratio of mesoporous silica:polyphenol (1:0.4 w/w). The materials obtained were characterized from a morphological and structural point of view through different analysis techniques. Through X-ray diffraction (XRD), the crystallization plane and the ordered structure of the mesoporous silica were observed. The difference between the two types of materials containing MCM-41 and MCM-48 was observed through the different morphologies of the silica particles through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also through the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) analysis, that the surface areas and volumes of pores was different between the two types of mesoporous silica, and, after loading with polyphenols, the values were reduced. The characteristic bands of silica and of polyphenols were easily observed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and, through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the residual mass was determined and the estimated amount of polyphenol in the materials and the efficient loading of mesoporous silica with polyphenols could be determined. The in vitro study was performed in two types of simulated biological fluids with different pH—simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The obtained materials could be used in various biomedical applications as systems with controlled release of natural polyphenols and the most suitable application could be as food supplements especially when a mixture of such materials is used or when the polyphenols are co-loaded within the mesoporous silica. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Materials for Biomedical Applications)

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15 pages, 3294 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of the Pentachlorophenol Adsorption by Organo-Clays Based on Response Surface Methodology

by Soufiane El Mahmoudi, Abdellah Elmchaouri, Assya El kaimech and Antonio Gil

Materials 2022, 15(20), 7169; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207169 - 14 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1256

Abstract

The aim of this study is to optimize the adsorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) using an organo-clay under the response surface methodology. The adsorbent was selected from a montmorillonite exchanged by various cations, such as Fe³⁺, Al³⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and modified by bromide cetyltrimethylammonium (CTAB) as surfactant. The obtained organo-montmorillonite was characterized using several techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption, performed at −196 °C. The results showed an increase in basal space from 1.65 to 1.88 nm and a decrease in the specific surface and pore volume, with an increase in pore diameter, including the presence of characteristic bands of -CH₂- and -CH₃- groups at 2926 and 2854 cm⁻¹ in the FTIR spectrum after the modification. The optimization of PCP removal by clay adsorbents is achieved using the response surface methodology (RSM) with a four-factor central composite model, including pH of solution, mass of adsorbent, contact time, and initial concentration. The results proved the validity of the regression model, wherein the adsorption capacity reaches its maximum value of 38 mg/g at a lower adsorbent mass of 20 mg, pH of 6, contact time (t_c) of 5 h, and initial concentration of 8 mg/L. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Materials for Biomedical Applications)

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