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New Functional Materials with Cavitation-Erosion Resistance

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Thin Films and Interfaces".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2023) | Viewed by 7755

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Dr. Guoliang Hou

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Guest Editor

Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
Interests: cavitation-erosion-resistant materials; wear-resistant materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cavitation erosion (CE) causes serious safety risks to flow passage components such as turbines, propellers and pumps, and has been called the "cancer" of hydropower, water conservancy and ship industries because it is so difficult to remedy. When cavitation bubbles implode in the proximity of a solid surface, powerful micro-jets and/or shock waves with high speeds and impact pressures are produced that can cause fatigue, fracture and material depletion. Therefore, research on impact-resistant, high-strength materials, deformable energy-absorbing elastic materials, phase-transition energy-absorbing metallic or ceramic materials, biomimetic microtextured materials, superhydrophobic materials and other new functional materials is expected to solve the problem of CE damage. It will also promote the leapfrog development of related industries.

This Special Issue on “New Functional Materials with Cavitation Erosion Resistance” relates to the preparation methods, properties and mechanism of various new anti-CE materials, promoting their application in the fields of hydropower, water conservancy and shipping, with the goal of solving the CE damage problem.

Dr. Guoliang Hou
Guest Editor

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Keywords

cavitation erosion
new materials
protective performance
damage mechanism

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 11889 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Initial Surface Scratches on the Cavitation Erosion Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Substrates and 316L Stainless Steel Coatings

by Pengfei Lu, Ziqi Xu, Ye Tian, Rui Yang, Kaixin Hu, Hua Li, Yanhong Yin and Xiuyong Chen

Materials 2023, 16(4), 1392; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041392 - 7 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1356

Abstract

Rough surfaces have been widely considered as negative factors affecting cavitation erosion resistance. However, this study presented the opposite result. Here, 316L stainless steel substrates and the arc-sprayed 316L stainless steel coatings were subjected to a specific grinding process that introduced scratches on the surfaces. The surface hardness values of these ground specimens were measured to evaluate the influence of the grinding-induced strain hardening. The cavitation erosion performance of the specimens was evaluated. The results showed that rough surfaces with scratches could enhance the cavitation erosion resistance, particularly at the early stage of cavitation erosion. The scratches had a greater effect on the cavitation erosion resistance of the coatings than on the substrates. Moreover, rough surfaces with initial surface scratches could extend the incubation period of the 316L stainless steel substrates due to the inhibition of the plastic deformation. The SEM observation showed that the scratch structure of the coating surface inhibited the growth of cracks and the propagation of cavitation pits. This study could also serve as a reference for investigating the cavitation erosion behaviors of materials with a particular surface feature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Functional Materials with Cavitation-Erosion Resistance)

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12 pages, 6387 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Enhanced Surface Properties of the Al_0.65CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy via Laser Remelting

by Junwei Miao, Tianxin Li, Qiang Li, Xiaohu Chen, Zheng Ren and Yiping Lu

Materials 2023, 16(3), 1085; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031085 - 26 Jan 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1531

Abstract

The laser remelting technique was applied to the surface modification of the Al_0.65CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) to further advance its mechanical potential. The microstructure of the remelted layer was refined from coarse dendritic to submicron-scale basket weave compared with the as-cast substrate, resulting in a 1.8-time increase in Vickers microhardness. The nanoindentation tests indicated that the nanohardness of the remelted layer was higher than that of each phase in the substrate. Meanwhile, the remelted layer retained considerable plasticity, as evidenced by its high W_p/W_t ratio (0.763) and strain hardening exponent (0.302). Additionally, adhesive wear prevailed on the substrate, while only abrasive wear features were observed on the remelted layer. Accordingly, the average friction coefficient and the wear rate of the remelted layer were minimized by 23% and 80%, respectively, compared with the substrate. Our findings explored an industrialized method to enhance the surface properties of the Al_0.65CoCrFeNi HEA and also provided some helpful references for its laser additive manufacturing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Functional Materials with Cavitation-Erosion Resistance)

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14 pages, 2070 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flame-Retardant Foamed Material Based on Modified Corn Straw Using Two Nitrogenous Layers

by Qiong Su, Hongling Wang, Yanbin Wang, Shuang Liang, Shaofeng Pang, Xiangfei Zhao, Xiyang Sun, Xiaoqin Shi and Jun Zhao

Materials 2023, 16(3), 952; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16030952 - 19 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1131

Abstract

Foamed materials based on a biopolymer of crop straws are environmentally friendly, but ignitability limits their application. In this study, two nitrogenous layers were introduced onto corn straw by esterification and grafting for flame-retardant purposes. The inner thin nitrogenous layer consisted of imidazole rings, and the outer thick nitrogenous layer consisted of grafted acrylamide by a free-radical polymerization. The outer nitrogenous layer was simultaneously introduced into the system with a foaming process at 150 °C. Azodiisobutyronitrile acted both as initiator of the polymerization and the main foaming agent, and deionized water acted both as a plasticizing agent and an auxiliary foaming agent, which simplified the process and formula. It was found that cavities of two different sizes were formed. The nonuniformity of the foamed material was ascribed to the heterogeneous foaming precursor consisting of a rigid core and a soft shell. Its excellent flame-retard rating of UL-94 V-0 was ascribed to the two nitrogenous layers, which provides a sufficient nitrogen source for non-combustible gases. A relatively high compression strength of 17.7 MPa was partly due to the fiber of corn straw. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Functional Materials with Cavitation-Erosion Resistance)

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15 pages, 8000 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding the Corrosion Behavior of Nickel–Aluminum Bronze Induced by Cavitation Corrosion Using Electrochemical Noise: Selective Phase Corrosion and Uniform Corrosion

by Liang Li, Yanxin Qiao, Lianmin Zhang, Aili Ma, Rongyao Ma and Yugui Zheng

Materials 2023, 16(2), 669; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020669 - 10 Jan 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1757

Abstract

Nickel–aluminum bronze (NAB) is widely used to fabricate flow-handling components because of its good cavitation corrosion (CE) resistance and superior casting property. The existence of different phases, e.g., the α phase, β phase and κ phase, can cause significant selective phase corrosion on NAB. However, under the action of CE with different times, the influence of these phases on the corrosion behavior of NAB, including selective phase corrosion and uniform corrosion, needs to be further studied, which can contribute to a deep understanding of the CE mechanism of NAB in corrosive media. In this work, the corrosion behavior of NAB in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution after different CE times was evaluated by electrochemical noise (EN), combined with scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) and morphology analysis. The results showed that the corrosion behavior of NAB was closely associated with the variation in its complex microstructure after different CE times. Selective phase corrosion played a crucial role in the surface damage before 0.5 h of CE. With the prolongation of CE time, the stripping of κ phases decreased the degree of selective phase corrosion of NAB. As a result, both selective phase corrosion and uniform corrosion presented equal performances after 1 h of CE. However, after CE for 2–5 h, uniform corrosion had a dominant impact on the surface damage of NAB. Eventually, the corrosion mechanism of NAB after different CE times was clarified based on the relevant experimental results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Functional Materials with Cavitation-Erosion Resistance)

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16 pages, 6335 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Preparation and Cavitation Erosion Mechanism of Polyether Polyurethane Coating

by Qiong Su, Tiancong Wang, Guoliang Hou, Haixia Cui, Lei Chen, Yulong An, Huidi Zhou and Jianmin Chen

Materials 2022, 15(22), 8204; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228204 - 18 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1472

Abstract

Polyurethane elastomers are anticipated to be applied in the field of cavitation erosion (CE) resistance, but their protection and damage mechanisms are not clear, which greatly restricts their further development. In this article, five polyether polyurethanes (PU_x) with different crosslinking densities were prepared. Their mechanical properties, thermal properties, water absorption, surface morphology and chemical structure before and after CE tests were compared with ESEM, OM, TG-DSC, FTIR and XPS in detail. The results showed that with an increase in crosslinking density, the tensile strength of PU_x increased first and then decreased, elongation at break and water absorption reduced gradually and thermal decomposition temperature and adhesion strength increased steadily. During the CE process, cavitation load aggravated the degree of microphase separation and made brittle hard segments concentrate on the coating surface; meanwhile, cavitation heat accelerated hydrolysis, pyrolysis, oxidation and the fracture of molecular chains. As a result, the mechano-thermal coupling intensified the formation and propagation of fatigue cracks, which should be the fundamental reason for the CE damage of polyurethane elastomer. PU_0.4 exhibited the best CE resistance among the five coatings thanks to its good comprehensive properties and may find potential applications on the surface of hydraulic components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Functional Materials with Cavitation-Erosion Resistance)

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