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3D Printing Functional Biomaterials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2023) | Viewed by 6167

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
2. Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
3. Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
Interests: polymers; polymer chemistry; polymer physical chemistry; biomaterials; hydrogels; composites; scaffolds; spun fibers; nanofibers; additive manufacturing; tissue engineering; 3D bioprinting; biocompatible materials; biopolymers; polysaccharides; polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles; colloids; biodegradable materials; organ-on-a-chip; drug controlled release; mechanical properties; functional polymer materials; microparticles; beads; X-ray scattering techniques, microstructure characterization; knitted fabrics; membranes; coatings; biomedical applications; biosensors
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Guest Editor
1. Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
Interests: 3D bioprinting; inkjet printing; rheology; biopolymers; proteins and peptides; 2D materials; microfluidics; tissue engineering; stem cells

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last years, there has been increasing interest in the development of functional biomaterials by 3D fabrication techniques, which enable the preparation of complex functional architectures to mimic the native tissues microenvironment. 3D printing is a powerful tool for tissue engineering, which applies additive manufacturing to fabricate 3D tissue resembling architectures of customized shape and interconnected porous microstructures. The biomaterial is a key components in the 3D fabrication. The, culturing cells in 3D should provide the physiologically relevant environment to guide cell behaviors and enhance their functions. The main advantage of 3D (bio)printing is its capability to build up scaffolds (cellularized or not) with high degree of spatial organization and defined biomaterial composition. There are still a lot of technological challenges for the successful development of functional tissues. The printable material, called (bio)ink, can comprise polymer and/or inorganic materials as well as various biologics like cells, growth factors, DNA, drugs loaded in a medium, etc.

The development of inks with good printability and bioactive properties, that guide cellular fate processes, still should improve in order to advance the translation into the clinic. The main 3D (bio)printing techniques include inkjet (droplet-based bioprinting), extrusion, and light-assisted bioprinting. Most of the current technologies are incapable of printing functional organs. This issue has been approached, for example, by developing templates to be used in vivo to support the development of vascularized organs. In addition, 3D printed implants commonly should present outstanding mechanical properties and fix to the target tissue, to ensure long-term regeneration while providing the adequate mechanical support. Recent modifications enable 3D printed objects with multiple materials, core-shell structures, integration of microfluidic channels, by using diverse natural or artificial polymers and inorganic materials to achieve functional materials.

This special issue is oriented, but not limited, to all attempts to 3D print functional biomaterials getting insight into the ink material development, its characterization and processing, as well as into the establishment of the interrelation between 3D printed object microstructure and functionality.

Prof. Dr. Anayancy Osorio-Madrazo
Dr. Hemanth Gudapati
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D (bio)printing
  • hydrogels
  • polymer physical chemistry
  • biomaterials
  • mechanical properties
  • polymers for biomedical applications
  • biopolymers
  • biological response
  • tissue engineering
  • microextrusion/ extrusion-based bioprinting
  • drop-on-demand
  • light-assisted bioprinting
  • tissue 3D printing
  • biocompatibility
  • cell culture
  • biological response
  • spheroids and organoids
  • biosensors
  • microfluidics
  • organ-on-a-chip
  • extracellular matrix
  • drug delivery
  • scaffolds
  • composites
  • biomineralization

Published Papers (2 papers)

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16 pages, 5139 KiB  
Article
3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Implants Modified with Bioglass and Zn-Doped Bioglass
by Izabella Rajzer, Anna Kurowska, Jana Frankova, Renáta Sklenářová, Anna Nikodem, Michał Dziadek, Adam Jabłoński, Jarosław Janusz, Piotr Szczygieł and Magdalena Ziąbka
Materials 2023, 16(3), 1061; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031061 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1821
Abstract
In this work, composite filaments in the form of sticks and 3D-printed scaffolds were investigated as a future component of an osteochondral implant. The first part of the work focused on the development of a filament modified with bioglass (BG) and Zn-doped BG [...] Read more.
In this work, composite filaments in the form of sticks and 3D-printed scaffolds were investigated as a future component of an osteochondral implant. The first part of the work focused on the development of a filament modified with bioglass (BG) and Zn-doped BG obtained by injection molding. The main outcome was the manufacture of bioactive, strong, and flexible filament sticks of the required length, diameter, and properties. Then, sticks were used for scaffold production. We investigated the effect of bioglass addition on the samples mechanical and biological properties. The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and microtomography. The effect of bioglass addition on changes in the SBF mineralization process and cell morphology was evaluated. The presence of a spatial microstructure within the scaffolds affects their mechanical properties by reducing them. The tensile strength of the scaffolds compared to filaments was lower by 58–61%. In vitro mineralization experiments showed that apatite formed on scaffolds modified with BG after 7 days of immersion in SBF. Scaffold with Zn-doped BG showed a retarded apatite formation. Innovative 3D-printing filaments containing bioglasses have been successfully applied to print bioactive scaffolds with the surface suitable for cell attachment and proliferation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing Functional Biomaterials)
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24 pages, 7048 KiB  
Article
3D Printing of Cellulase-Laden Cellulose Nanofiber/Chitosan Hydrogel Composites: Towards Tissue Engineering Functional Biomaterials with Enzyme-Mediated Biodegradation
by Arnaud Kamdem Tamo, Tuan Anh Tran, Ingo Doench, Shaghayegh Jahangir, Aastha Lall, Laurent David, Carlos Peniche-Covas, Andreas Walther and Anayancy Osorio-Madrazo
Materials 2022, 15(17), 6039; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176039 - 1 Sep 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3604
Abstract
The 3D printing of a multifunctional hydrogel biomaterial with bioactivity for tissue engineering, good mechanical properties and a biodegradability mediated by free and encapsulated cellulase was proposed. Bioinks of cellulase-laden and cellulose nanofiber filled chitosan viscous suspensions were used to 3D print enzymatic [...] Read more.
The 3D printing of a multifunctional hydrogel biomaterial with bioactivity for tissue engineering, good mechanical properties and a biodegradability mediated by free and encapsulated cellulase was proposed. Bioinks of cellulase-laden and cellulose nanofiber filled chitosan viscous suspensions were used to 3D print enzymatic biodegradable and biocompatible cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced chitosan (CHI) hydrogels. The study of the kinetics of CNF enzymatic degradation was studied in situ in fibroblast cell culture. To preserve enzyme stability as well as to guarantee its sustained release, the cellulase was preliminarily encapsulated in chitosan–caseinate nanoparticles, which were further incorporated in the CNF/CHI viscous suspension before the 3D printing of the ink. The incorporation of the enzyme within the CHI/CNF hydrogel contributed to control the decrease of the CNF mechanical reinforcement in the long term while keeping the cell growth-promoting property of chitosan. The hydrolysis kinetics of cellulose in the 3D printed scaffolds showed a slow but sustained degradation of the CNFs with enzyme, with approximately 65% and 55% relative activities still obtained after 14 days of incubation for the encapsulated and free enzyme, respectively. The 3D printed composite hydrogels showed excellent cytocompatibility supporting fibroblast cell attachment, proliferation and growth. Ultimately, the concomitant cell growth and biodegradation of CNFs within the 3D printed CHI/CNF scaffolds highlights the remarkable potential of CHI/CNF composites in the design of tissue models for the development of 3D constructs with tailored in vitro/in vivo degradability for biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing Functional Biomaterials)
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