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Magnetochemistry
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Advances in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Magnetic Materials
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Advances in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Magnetic Materials

A special issue of Magnetochemistry (ISSN 2312-7481). This special issue belongs to the section "Magnetic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 17033

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sabina Lesz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: materials engineering; amorphous and nanostructured materials; soft magnetic materials; steels; degradable biomaterials; heat treatment; mechanical alloying; powder metallurgy; fracture morphology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to provide a valuable forum where scientists in different fields will be able to share their most recent advances made in material fields obtained in the amorphous and nanocrystalline phases. These structures are obtained using various production methods (casting, mechanical alloying, powder consolidation, selective laser melting (SLM),  laser engineered net shaping (LENS)) in the form of ribbons, rods, powders, coatings, etc., and are useful for the achievement of certain properties (mechanical, electrical, soft or hard magnetic, photoelectrochemical performance). Development of new materials with these properties depends on the level of understanding of the processes that underlie the formation of a particular structure.

For example, amorphous and nanocrystalline iron-cobalt-based alloys have received considerable attention for use as core materials in magnetic heat, high-frequency, and high-power transformers, choke coils, magnetostrictive converters, and sensors. The main users of cores are electronic equipment producers, especially manufacturers specializing in telecommunication and power supply equipment, etc.

Amorphous alloys are relatively brittle and become more so with heat treatment. Various insulation materials (e.g. MgO, SiO2,  Polyamide, Polyester) have proven to be promising when used in amorphous tape-wound cores for high-voltage pulse applications, as well as for metal oxide coatings (e.g., TiO2, Ag2O, ZnO, Cu2O, NiO, ZrO2 ) used in materials due to their impact on thermal stability, electrical performance and other physical properties. Metal oxides are used in important industrial processes as catalysts, and are well-known materials for sensor, biosensor and solar cell applications. 

For magnetostrictive materials, the possibility of reducing the anisotropy in the nanocrystalline structure without loosening the high magnetostriction is very important. These materials constitute a prospective environmentally friendly engineering material and could be used for applications such as permanent magnet motors.

Nanoparticles in the composite can introduce new physical properties and novel behaviors that are absent in the unfilled matrices. This effectively changes the nature of the original matrix. Some examples of such new properties are fire resistance, flame retardancy and accelerated biodegradability. It is possible to use industrial by-products such as silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA). Silica fume is an amorphous polymorph of silicon dioxide, which it is an ultrafine powder collected as a by-product of the silicon and ferrosilicon alloy production. Silica fume and fly ashes can be also utilized as pozzolanic admixtures for general purpose and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), which is a widely used construction material throughout the world.

Topics to be covered include but are not limited to:

  • Magnetization process; hysteresis loop; anisotropy;
  • Description of amorphous materials such as metallic glasses;
  • Glass forming ability; crystallization;
  • Calorimetry and stability of amorphous materials;
  • Magnetostrictive materials;
  • Selecting the parameters of casting and mechanical alloying processes;
  • Structure, properties and applications of amorphous and nanocrystalline materials;
  • Intrinsic properties of permanent magnetic materials;
  • Sintered magnets;
  • Nanoscale hard magnetism;
  • Innovative engineering materials;
  • Experimental methods;
  • Magnetic particles in biomedical applications.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Applied Sciences.

Prof. Sabina Lesz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Magnetochemistry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Amorphous materials
  • Nanostructured materials
  • Casting method
  • Mechanical alloying
  • Sintering process
  • Laser additive manufacturing
  • Heat treatment
  • Soft and Hard magnetic materials
  • Nanotechnology and nanomaterials
  • Metal oxides
  • Coatings
  • Solar cells
  • Geopolymers

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3263 KiB  
Article
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-B-La-Al Alloy
by Sabina Lesz, Piotr Kwapuliński, Małgorzata Karolus, Klaudiusz Gołombek, Bartłomiej Hrapkowicz, Adam Zarychta, Rafał Babilas, Julia Popis and Patrycja Janiak
Magnetochemistry 2021, 7(9), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7090129 - 17 Sep 2021
Viewed by 1473
Abstract
Nanocrystalline magnetic materials are of great interest in order to meet the needs of electronics and electrical engineering. There are many possibilities to modify the synthesis parameters and chemical composition in order to obtain the most desirable magnetic properties and microstructure. The paper [...] Read more.
Nanocrystalline magnetic materials are of great interest in order to meet the needs of electronics and electrical engineering. There are many possibilities to modify the synthesis parameters and chemical composition in order to obtain the most desirable magnetic properties and microstructure. The paper discusses an iron-based alloy with the addition of boron lanthanum and aluminium. The alloy was obtained by induction melting and casting with a melt-spinner. The main purpose of the work was to analyze the structure and properties of both the starting alloys in the form of ingots and the obtained tapes. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibration magnetometry (VSM) and microhardness measurements using the Vickers method were carried out. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Magnetic Materials)
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14 pages, 4054 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Vibrational Entropy on the Segregation of Cu to Antiphase Boundaries in Fe3Al
by Martin Friák, Miroslav Černý and Mojmír Šob
Magnetochemistry 2021, 7(8), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7080108 - 02 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1823
Abstract
We performed a quantum mechanical study of segregation of Cu atoms toward antiphase boundaries (APBs) in Fe3Al. The computed concentration of Cu atoms was 3.125 at %. The APBs have been characterized by a shift of the lattice along the ⟨001⟩ [...] Read more.
We performed a quantum mechanical study of segregation of Cu atoms toward antiphase boundaries (APBs) in Fe3Al. The computed concentration of Cu atoms was 3.125 at %. The APBs have been characterized by a shift of the lattice along the ⟨001⟩ crystallographic direction. The APB energy turns out to be lower for Cu atoms located directly at the APB interfaces and we found that it is equal to 84 mJ/m2. Both Cu atoms (as point defects) and APBs (as extended defects) have their specific impact on local magnetic moments of Fe atoms (mostly reduction of the magnitude). Their combined impact was found to be not just a simple sum of the effects of each of the defect types. The Cu atoms are predicted to segregate toward the studied APBs, but the related energy gain is very small and amounts to only 4 meV per Cu atom. We have also performed phonon calculations and found all studied states with different atomic configurations mechanically stable without any soft phonon modes. The band gap in phonon frequencies of Fe3Al is barely affected by Cu substituents but reduced by APBs. The phonon contributions to segregation-related energy changes are significant, ranging from a decrease by 16% at T = 0 K to an increase by 17% at T = 400 K (changes with respect to the segregation-related energy difference between static lattices). Importantly, we have also examined the differences in the phonon entropy and phonon energy induced by the Cu segregation and showed their strongly nonlinear trends. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Magnetic Materials)
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13 pages, 4974 KiB  
Article
Phase Transformation of Kaolin-Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag from Geopolymerization to Sintering Process
by Noorina Hidayu Jamil, Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Faizul Che Pa, Mohamad Hasmaliza, Wan Mohd Arif W. Ibrahim, Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz, Bartłomiej Jeż and Marcin Nabiałek
Magnetochemistry 2021, 7(3), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7030032 - 26 Feb 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2691
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to investigate the influence of curing temperature on the phase transformation, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the as-cured and sintered kaolin-ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) geopolymer. The curing temperature was varied, giving four different conditions; [...] Read more.
The main objective of this research was to investigate the influence of curing temperature on the phase transformation, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the as-cured and sintered kaolin-ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) geopolymer. The curing temperature was varied, giving four different conditions; namely: Room temperature, 40, 60, and 80 °C. The kaolin-GGBS geopolymer was prepared, with a mixture of NaOH (8 M) and sodium silicate. The samples were cured for 14 days and sintered afterwards using the same sintering profile for all of the samples. The sintered kaolin-GGBS geopolymer that underwent the curing process at the temperature of 60 °C featured the highest strength value: 8.90 MPa, and a densified microstructure, compared with the other samples. The contribution of the Na2O in the geopolymerization process was as a self-fluxing agent for the production of the geopolymer ceramic at low temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Magnetic Materials)
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10 pages, 3149 KiB  
Article
Microstructure Evolution of Ag/TiO2 Thin Film
by Dewi Suriyani Che Halin, Kamrosni Abdul Razak, Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh, Mohd Izrul Izwan Ramli, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Ayu Wazira Azhari, Kazuhiro Nogita, Hideyuki Yasuda, Marcin Nabiałek and Jerzy J. Wysłocki
Magnetochemistry 2021, 7(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7010014 - 16 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2855
Abstract
Ag/TiO2 thin films were prepared using the sol-gel spin coating method. The microstructural growth behaviors of the prepared Ag/TiO2 thin films were elucidated using real-time synchrotron radiation imaging, its structure was determined using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), its morphology was [...] Read more.
Ag/TiO2 thin films were prepared using the sol-gel spin coating method. The microstructural growth behaviors of the prepared Ag/TiO2 thin films were elucidated using real-time synchrotron radiation imaging, its structure was determined using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), its morphology was imaged using the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and its surface topography was examined using the atomic force microscope (AFM) in contact mode. The cubical shape was detected and identified as Ag, while the anatase, TiO2 thin film resembled a porous ring-like structure. It was found that each ring that coalesced and formed channels occurred at a low annealing temperature of 280 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) result revealed a small amount of Ag presence in the Ag/TiO2 thin films. From the in-situ synchrotron radiation imaging, it was observed that as the annealing time increased, the growth of Ag/TiO2 also increased in terms of area and the number of junctions. The growth rate of Ag/TiO2 at 600 s was 47.26 µm2/s, and after 1200 s it decreased to 11.50 µm2/s and 11.55 µm2/s at 1800 s. Prolonged annealing will further decrease the growth rate to 5.94 µm2/s, 4.12 µm2/s and 4.86 µm2/s at 2400 s, 3000 s and 3600 s, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Magnetic Materials)
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14 pages, 4822 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Effect of Silica Fume on Amorphous Fly Ash Geopolymers Exposed to Elevated Temperature
by Ong Huey Li, Liew Yun-Ming, Heah Cheng-Yong, Ridho Bayuaji, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Foo Kai Loong, Tan Soo Jin, Ng Hui Teng, Marcin Nabiałek, Bartlomiej Jeż and Ng Yong Sing
Magnetochemistry 2021, 7(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7010009 - 06 Jan 2021
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3881
Abstract
The properties of amorphous geopolymer with silica fume addition after heat treatment was rarely reported in the geopolymer field. Geopolymer was prepared by mixing fly ash and alkali activator. The silica fume was added in 2% and 4% by weight. The geopolymer samples [...] Read more.
The properties of amorphous geopolymer with silica fume addition after heat treatment was rarely reported in the geopolymer field. Geopolymer was prepared by mixing fly ash and alkali activator. The silica fume was added in 2% and 4% by weight. The geopolymer samples were cured at room temperature for 28 days before exposed to an elevated temperature up to 1000 °C. The incorporation of 2% silica fume did not cause significant improvement in the compressive strength of unexposed geopolymer. Higher silica fume content of 4% reduced the compressive strength of the unexposed geopolymer. When subjected to elevated temperature, geopolymer with 2% silica fume retained higher compressive strength at 1000 °C. The addition of silica fume in fly ash geopolymer caused a lower degree of shrinkage and expansion, as compared to geopolymer without the addition of silica fume. Crystalline phases of albite and magnetite were formed in the geopolymer at 1000 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Magnetic Materials)
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11 pages, 5075 KiB  
Review
Artificial Intelligence—Engineering Magnetic Materials: Current Status and a Brief Perspective
by Elio A. Périgo and Rubens N. de Faria
Magnetochemistry 2021, 7(6), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7060084 - 07 Jun 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3304
Abstract
The implementation of artificial intelligence into the research and development of (currently) the most economically relevant classes of engineering hard and soft magnetic materials is addressed. Machine learning is nowadays the key approach utilized in the discovery of new compounds, physical–chemical properties prediction, [...] Read more.
The implementation of artificial intelligence into the research and development of (currently) the most economically relevant classes of engineering hard and soft magnetic materials is addressed. Machine learning is nowadays the key approach utilized in the discovery of new compounds, physical–chemical properties prediction, microstructural/magnetic characterization, and applicability of permanent magnets and crystalline/amorphous soft magnetic alloys. Future opportunities are envisioned on at least two fronts: (a) ultra-low losses materials, as well as processes that enable their manufacturing, unlocking the next step for higher efficiency electrification, power conversion, and distribution; (b) additively manufactured magnetic materials by predicting and developing novel powdered materials properties, generative design concepts, and optimal processing conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Magnetic Materials)
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