Editor’s Choice Articles

We present detailed first-principles density functional theory-based studies on RbRE₂Fe₄As₄O₂ (RE = Sm, Tb, Dy, Ho) hybrid 12442-type iron-based superconducting compounds with particular emphasis on competing magnetic interactions and their effect on possible magneto-structural coupling and electronic structure. The stripe antiferromagnetic (sAFM) pattern across the xy plane emerges as the most favorable spin configuration for all the four compounds, with close competition among the different magnetic orders along the z-axis. The structural parameters, including arsenic heights, Fe-As-Fe angle, and other relevant factors that influence superconducting T${}_c$ and properties, closely match the experimental values in stripe antiferromagnetic arrangement of Fe spins. Geometry optimization with inclusion of explicit magnetic ordering predicts a spin–lattice coupling for all the four compounds, where a weak magneto–structural transition, a tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural transition, takes place in the relaxed stripe antiferromagnetic spin configuration. Absence of any experimental evidence of such structural transition is possibly an indication of nematic transition in RE-12442 compounds. As a result of structural distortion, the lattice contracts (expands) along the direction with parallel (anti-parallel) alignment of Fe spins. Introduction of stripe antiferromagnetic order in Fe sub-lattice reconstructs the low-energy band structure, which results in significantly reduced number of bands crossing the Fermi level. Moreover, the dispersion of bands and their orbital characteristics also are severely modified in the stripe antiferromagnetic phase similar to BaFe${}_2$As${}_2$. Calculations of exchange parameters were performed for all the four compounds. Exchange coupling along the anti-parallel alignment of Fe spins J${}_{1a}$ is larger than that for the parallel aligned spins J${}_{1b}$. A crossover between the super-exchange-driven in-plane next-nearest-neighbor exchange coupling J${}_2$ and in-plane exchange coupling J${}_{1a}$ due to lanthanide substitution was found. A large super-exchange-driven next-nearest-neighbor exchange interaction is justified using the construction of 32 maximally localized Wannier functions, where the nearest-neighbor Fe-As hopping amplitudes were found to be larger than the nearest- and the next-nearest-neighbor Fe-Fe hopping amplitudes. We compare the hopping parameters in the stripe antiferromagnetic pattern with non-magnetic configuration, and increased hopping amplitude was found along the anti-parallel spin alignment with more majority-spin electrons in Fe d${}_{xz}$ and d${}_{xy}$ but not in Fe d${}_{yz}$. On the other hand, the hopping amplitudes are increased in stripe antiferromagnetic phase along the parallel spin alignment with more majority-spin electrons in only Fe d${}_{yz}$. This difference in hopping amplitudes in the stripe antiferromagnetic order enables more isotropic hopping. Full article

Many of the current strategies for removing pollutants from water are based on nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Lower values of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD₅) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in water results in reduction in the amount of oxidizable pollutants. We present a study on the reduction of COD and BOD₅ in water from Wadi El Bey River (Tunisia), using magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnetic fields. The COD and BOD₅ removal reached values higher than 50% after 60 min, with optimum efficiency at pH values of ≈8 and for MNPs concentrations of 1 g/L. The use of a permanent magnetic field (0.33 T) showed an increase of COD and BOD₅ removal from 61% to 76% and from 63% to 78%, respectively. This enhancement is discussed in terms of the MNPs coagulation induced by the magnetic field and the adsorption of ionic species onto the MNPs surface due to Fe₃O₄ affinity. Full article

The synthesis and structural characterization of a new triangular Cu₃–μ₃OH pyrazolato complex of formula, [Cu₃(μ₃−OH)(pz)₃(Hpz)₃][BF₄]₂ (1−Cu₃), Hpz = pyrazole, is presented. The triangular unit forms a quasi-isosceles triangle with Cu–Cu distances of 3.3739(9), 3.3571(9), and 3.370(1) Å. This complex is isostructural to the hexanuclear complex [Cu₃(μ₃−OH)(pz)₃(Hpz)₃](ClO₄)₂]₂ (QOPJIP). A comparative structural analysis with other reported triangular Cu₃–μ₃OH pyrazolato complexes has been carried out, showing that, depending on the pyrazolato derivative, an auxiliary ligand or counter-anion can affect the nuclearity and/or the dimensionality of the system. The magnetic properties of 1−Cu₃ are analyzed using experimental data and DFT calculation. A detailed analysis was performed on the magnetic properties, comparing experimental and theoretical data of other molecular triangular Cu₃–μ₃OH complexes, showing that the displacement of the μ₃−OH⁻ from the Cu₃ plane, together with the type of organic ligands, influences the nature of the magnetic exchange interaction between the spin-carrier centers, since it affects the overlap of the magnetic orbitals involved in the exchange pathways. Finally, a detailed comparison of the magnetic properties of 1−Cu₃ and QOPJIP was carried out, which allowed us to understand the differences in their magnetic properties. Full article

Materials containing Dirac fermions (DFs) have been actively researched because they often alter electrical and magnetic properties in an unprecedented manner. Although many studies have suggested the transformation between standard fermions (SFs) and DFs, the non-availability of appropriate samples has prevented the observation of the transformation process. We observed the interconversion process of DFs and SFs using organic charge-transfer (CT) salts. The samples are unique in that the constituents (the donor D and acceptor A species) are particularly close to each other in energy, leading to the temperature- and D-A-combination-sensitive CT interactions in the solid states. The three-dimensional weak D–A CT interactions in low-symmetry crystals induced the continuous reshaping of flat-bottomed bands into Dirac cones with decreasing temperature; this is a characteristic shape of bands that converts the behavior of SFs into that of DFs. Based on the first-principles band structures supported by the observed electronic properties, round-apex-Dirac-cone-like features appear and disappear with temperature variation. These band-structure snapshots are expected to add further detailed understanding to the related research fields. Full article

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a branch of spectroscopy commonly used for identifying the chemical structure of various materials. One of the areas in which NMR provides accurate data is the determination of nuclear magnetic moments. This work reviews NMR experiments with the nuclei of light elements in simple molecules. Since nuclear shielding constants from up-to-date quantum calculations are now available, very accurate dipole moments of many nuclei can be determined. Recent experimental measurements of ¹H, ²H, ³H, ³He, ⁶Li, ⁷Li, ⁹Be, ¹⁰B, and ¹¹B nuclear magnetic moments and the appropriate theoretical predictions are presented and commented upon. Several achievements in this field using different methodologies, such as NMR spectroscopy, molecular beam experiments, and the Penning trap method are reported. Full article

MnZn ferrite precursor powders were prepared by the nano in situ composite method. Three surfactants, which include polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were usedM and the impact of the surfactants on the precursor sol solutions and precursor powders was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a Zeta potential meter, a BET surface analyzer, and a vibrational sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the precursor sol solutions and the precursor powders. The results showed that these surfactants can improve the dispersion state and Zeta potentials of sol particles and increase the specific surface areas of the precursor powders. Moreover, the precursor powders were composed of MnZn ferrite, and some were amorphous. CTAB was the optimum surfactant and the zeta potential of the sol particles and the specific surface area of the precursor powders named P-0.1CTAB are 10.7 mV and 129.07 m²/g, respectively. In addition, the nano-particles that were made up of the P-0.1CTAB precursor powders had smaller sizes and more uniform particle distributions than the others. The magnetic properties’ improvement was attributed to the addition of surfactants, and CTAB is the optimal type. In addition, the novel nano in situ composite method will inspire fresh thinking and investigation into the research of ferrite. Full article

In this first volume, we cover relevant aspects of chemical and physical processes of the production and characterization of magnetic materials in bulk, thin films, nanostructures, and/or nanocomposites, as well as modeling aspects involving such structures. Accordingly, this volume presents eleven original research and review works on the challenges and trends covering fundamental and experimental work, with a special focus on the design, synthesis, and characterization of various types of magnetic materials, and the study of their structure–property relationships. State-of-the-art results on the development of new experimental concepts, leading to the transfer, chemical transformation, and high-resolution patterning of advanced thin films and nanomaterials, and to the design and fabrication of devices, are also presented and discussed. Full article

Magnetic fluid seals have long been thought to be a successful sealing form while sealing liquids are always a challenge. The instability of the liquid–liquid interface under the washout has become the key technical problem that hinders the realization of sealing liquid. This work mainly presents an experimental study about the influence of high viscosity and magnetoviscous effects on washout resistance. Three engine oil-based magnetic fluids of different viscosities were prepared with two kinds of surfactants. The magnetoviscous effects of the prepared magnetic fluids under different working conditions were found through rheological experiments. The viscosity of the three samples decreased at most by about 100 times with the shear rate increasing. An experimental platform was designed and built for the washout tests. The entire process of magnetic fluids being washed away was obtained experimentally. The magnetic fluid of higher viscosity can remain stationary with lower magnetic force. The quantitative results show that the viscosity of the magnetic fluid has a significant influence on washout resistance under a magnetic field. Full article

The utilisation of miniature robots has become essential in the domain of minimally invasive surgery and long-distance delivery of nanomedicine. Among these, the miniature magnetic continuum robot (MCR) stands out because of its simple structure and dexterity, which allow it to penetrate small cavities, transport specialised tools such as a laser, and deliver medications to support surgical treatment. Nevertheless, because of their soft bodies with a single stiffness, conventional MCRs have limited controllability when navigating through intricate cavities. To address this limitation, we propose a novel concentric magnetic continuum robot (C-MCR) comprising a concentric magnetic catheter with a guidewire having varying stiffness. The C-MCR allows substantial curvature bending owing to its difference in stiffness, and its detachable nature allows it to have four working modes to adapt to specific application requirements with improved stiffness controllability. Experiments demonstrate the ability of the C-MCR to navigate complex pathways and deliver nanomedicines over long distances to specific areas via its internal channels using a large homemade eight-coil electromagnetic system. The C-MCR offers promising application prospects for the long-distance delivery of tailored nanomedicines because of its simple operation, reduced risks, and larger attainable workspace. Full article

Ferrites are important magnetic materials used in electronic devices. Nanocomposites of ferrites with TiO₂, SiO₂ and carbon quantum dots have gained recent interest due to their unique advantages, such as high chemical stability, surface-active sites, high specific surface area, non-toxicity, excellent optical properties, and tunable porosity. In the present review, general and adaptable coprecipitation, sol–gel, hydrothermal, solvothermal, and Stöber methods for the fabrication of nanocomposites are discussed. These materials offer the advantage of magnetic recovery and superior photocatalytic performance. The potential of nanocomposites to act as photocatalysts to eliminate organic pollutants and microbes from water is discussed. Mechanisms involved in these applications are also elaborated upon. The review provides a detailed study of recent applications and future perspectives of nanocomposites in sustainable water treatment. Full article

Assembling metallacycles with interesting topological arrangements is a critical task for chemists. We report here a novel dodecanuclear Cu^II compound, [{Cu₃L(µ-N₃)}₄(Py)₁₄]·2Py (Cu₁₂) (where Py = pyridine and [H₆L]Cl = tris(2-hydroxybenzylidine)triaminoguanidinium chloride, respectively), with the topology of a cycle accomplished by four two-connecting approximately flat C₃-symmetric guanidine-based ligands. Each ligand affords three tridentate metal-binding cavities and the four node-to-node connections through single azido bridges are provided by pairs of metal centers. A theoretical investigation using CASSCF in addition to DFT calculations showed strong antiferromagnetic coupling within the Cu₃-triangles, resulting in spin-frustrated systems. However, these calculations were not able to properly reproduce the very weak antiferromagnetic couplings between the triangle units, highlighting the challenge of describing the magnetic behavior of this compound. Full article

Nanoplatforms used for the loading of anticancer drugs constitute a promising approach to cancer treatment and reducing the side effects of these drugs. Among the cutting-edge systems used in this area are magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) and nanocapsules (NCs). MNCs are considered to constitute a smart tool for magnetic-field-guided targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and hyperthermia therapy. Nanocapsules offer great potential due to their ability to control drug-loading capacity, their release efficiency, their stability, and the ease with which their surfaces can be modified. This study proposes a method for the development of nylon-6-coated MNCs and nylon-6 polymeric membrane NCs. A biocompatible nylon-6 polymer was first used for NC synthesis. Oleic-acid-modified and non-modified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized for the production of nylon-coated MNCs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ζ-potential measurements were used to perform size, morphology, and charge analyses. The above-mentioned two types of MNCs were considered templates for the manufacture of nylon nanocapsules, leading to NCs with different charges and structures. The developed oleic-acid-coated nylon-6 MNCs and NCs showed excellent loading values of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) of up to 732 and 943 µg/mg (DOX/MNC or NC), respectively. On the contrary, the capacity of the nano-construction that was not modified with oleic acid did not exceed 140 µg/mg. The DOX-loaded nanosystems displayed pH-sensitive drug release properties, for which the highest efficiency was observed at an acidic pH. The series of DOX-loaded MNCs and NCs inhibited A549 and HEK 293FT cell lines, with the lowest IC50 value of 0.31 µM observed for the nanocapsules, which is a 1.5-fold lower concentration than the free DOX. Therefore, the presented nanoscale systems offer great potential for cancer treatment. Full article

In recent years, transparent terbium aluminum garnet (TAG) ceramics have attracted much attention for use in high-power Faraday isolators. Fine-grained ceramics usually possess better mechanical properties and accordingly better service performance. In this work, transparent TAG ceramics with fine grains were prepared using a two-step sintering procedure based on the low-temperature sintering process to suppress grain growth. The composition of TAG precursor and powders calcined at different temperatures was studied in detail. The microstructure and relative density of air pre-sintered TAG ceramics were studied to meet the requirements of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post-treatment. Driven by the low pre-sintering temperature in air, the average grain sizes of the obtained TAG ceramics after HIP treatment are about 2.9–5.3 μm. The TAG ceramics (1.2 mm thick) pre-sintered at 1450 °C with HIP post-treatment at 1550 °C for 3 h under a 176 MPa Ar atmosphere possess the highest in-line transmittance of 80.3% at 1064 nm. The Verdet constant of the TAG ceramics at 632.8 nm is −180.5 rad·T⁻¹·m⁻¹ at room temperature, which is about 1.3 times larger than that of the commercial Tb₃Ga₅O₁₂ single crystals. Full article

Magneto-optical materials are the fundamental component of Faraday isolators; therefore, they are significantly important for solid-state laser systems. Fluoride magneto-optical crystals such as CeF₃, KTb₃F₁₀ and LiTbF₄ exhibit advantages of wide transmittance range, high optical homogeneity, smaller thermal lensing and weaker thermal induced depolarization effect, and thus are promising candidates for Faraday isolators in high-power solid-state lasers. Recent progress in crystal growth and characterizations of these fluoride magneto-optical crystals are introduced. Possible applications of Faraday isolators based on various fluoride crystals are discussed, especially for solid-state lasers in the ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) spectral region. Full article

This review represents a compendium of computational studies of relativistic effects on the NMR chemical shifts of light nuclei caused by the presence of heavy main group p-block elements in molecules. The narration starts from a brief discussion of the relativistic theories and quantum chemical methods for the calculation of NMR chemical shifts at the relativistic level of the electronic theory. The main part of the review contains a survey on the relativistic calculations of NMR shielding constants of the most popular NMR-active light nuclei such as ¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁹F, ²⁹Si, ¹⁵N, and ³¹P of compounds containing heavy p-elements. A special focus is placed on the relativistic effects initiated by the 16th and 17th group elements. Different factors governing the behavior of the relativistic effects on the chemical shifts of light atoms are discussed. In particular, the stereochemistry of the relativistic “heavy atom on the light atom” effect and the influence of the spin–orbit relativistic effects on the vibrational contributions to the shielding constants of light nuclei are considered. Full article

In this work, we present the manufacturing process of magnetizable membranes based on cotton microfibers, honey, carbonyl iron, and three different concentrations of silver microparticles. Each membrane is used as a dielectric material for the fabrication of electrical devices. By using the plane capacitor method, the electrical capacitance and dielectric loss tangent are measured in a medium-frequency alternating field superimposed on a static magnetic field. From the obtained data, the time constants of the devices, the components of complex dielectric permittivity, and the electrical conductivity of the membranes as a function of the electric field frequency and magnetic flux density can be extracted. The results show that the obtained membranes can be useful for the fabrication of low-cost and environmentally friendly magneto-active membranes that are required for various technical and biomedical applications. Full article

Magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) combine the features of magnetic nanoparticles and a second material, which provide distinct physical, chemical, and biological properties. The magnetic core for nanocomposite synthesis is extensively used due to its high saturation magnetization, chemical stability, large surface area, and easy functionalization. Moreover, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have great potential for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic particle imaging (MPI), hyperthermia, and targeted drug and gene delivery by an external magnetic field. Numerous composing units exist, which leads to the outstanding application of composites. This review focuses on nucleic acid-based bioapplications of MNCs with polymeric, organic, inorganic, biomolecules, and bioinspared surface coating. In addition, different forms, such as core–shell, doping, multilayer, yolk–shell, and Janus-shaped hybrids, are discussed, and their unique properties are highlighted. The unique types of nanocomposites as magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) properties are presented. This review presents only the synthesis of MNCs using ready-made magnetic cores. These restrictions are associated with many materials, the quantitative and qualitative magnetic core composition, and synthesis procedures. This review aims to discuss the features of nucleic acid-based MNC information available to researchers in this field and guide them through some problems in the area, structure variation, and surface functionalization possibilities. The most recent advancements of MNCs and imprinted polymers in nucleic acid-based therapy, diagnostics, theranostics, magnetic separation, biocatalytic, and biosensing are introduced. Full article

This review is devoted to an analysis of currently known heterometallic molecular magnets based on an orbitally degenerate 5d metalloligand, [Re^IV(CN)₇]³⁻. Heptacyanidometallates with a pentagonal bipyramidal structure of the coordination site and degenerate ground spin state are the source of anisotropic magnetic exchange interactions upon the formation of cyanide-bonded assemblies involving the paramagnetic complexes of the first transition series. Therefore, the development of methods for chemical design using such molecular magnetic modules is extremely important. If for the 4d congener, isoelectronic [Mo^III(CN)₇]³⁻, a family of approximately 40 heterometallic compounds, was obtained, whereas for heptacyanorhenate(IV), no more than 20 are known. However, as a result of recent studies, heterobimetallic magnetic assemblies of all dimensionalities have been synthesized, from 0D to 1D, demonstrating slow magnetization relaxation, to 2D networks and 3D frameworks possessing large magnetic hysteresis. The most anisotropic is a 2D network, PPN[{Mn^III(acacen)}₂Re^IV(CN)₇]·Solv, with a critical temperature of 20 K and magnetic hysteresis with a record coercivity for cyanide-bridged molecular materials. Full article

The utilization of hybrid nanofluids (HNs) to boost heat transfer is a promising area of study, and thus, numerous scientists, researchers, and academics have voiced their admiration and interest in this area. One of the main functions of nanofluids is their dynamic role in cooling small electrical devices such as microchips and associated gadgets. The major goal of this study is to perform an analysis of the buoyancy flow of a shrinking/stretching sheet, whilst considering the fascinating and practical uses of hybrid nanofluids. The influence of a nonlinear heat source/sink induced by a micropolar fluid is also inspected. Water-based alumina and copper nanoparticles are utilized to calculate the fine points of the fluid flow and the features of heat transfer. The governing equations are framed with acceptable assumptions and the required similarity transformations are used to turn the set of partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The bvp4c technique is used to solve the simplified equations. Dual solutions are presented for certain values of stretching/shrinking parameters as well as the mixed convective parameter. In addition, the shear stress coefficient in the first-branch solution (FBS) escalates and decelerates for the second-branch solution (SBS) with the superior impact of the magnetic parameter, the mass transpiration parameter, and the solid nanoparticles volume fraction, while the contrary behavior is seen in both (FB and SB) solutions for the larger values of the material parameter. Full article

From the various aspects of spintronics the review highlights the area devoted to the creation of new functional materials based on magnetic semiconductors and demonstrates both the main physical phenomena involved and the technical possibilities of creating various devices: maser, p-n diode with colossal magnetoresistance, spin valve, magnetic lens, optical modulators, spin wave amplifier, etc. Particular attention is paid to promising research directions such as ultrafast spin transport and THz spectroscopy of magnetic semiconductors. Special care has been taken to include a brief theoretical background and experimental results for the new spintronics approach employing magnetostrictive semiconductors—strain-magnetooptics. Finally, it presents top-down approaches for magnetic semiconductors. The mechano-physical methods of obtaining and features of the physical properties of high-density nanoceramics based on complex magnetic oxides are considered. The potential possibility of using these nanoceramics as an absorber of solar energy, as well as in modulators of electromagnetic radiation, is shown. Full article

The recently intensified research in atomically thick two-dimensional (2D) materials has been motivated by their unique properties and the possibility of updating the future electronic and optoelectronic technologies. Doping can change the band structure of a semiconductor and regulate its physical and chemical properties. Doping has a significant effect on the electronic structure of 2D materials due to their atomic thickness. Here, we present a tutorial review of 2D doped materials (except graphene), including various doping types and theoretical calculations, the preparation and characterization methods, and its multifunctional application. Finally, we will summarize by stating the current challenges and future opportunities in the development of 2D doped materials. Full article

An amorphous carbon film with embedded detonation nanodiamond (DND) particles (a-C:ND) was produced by magnetron sputtering of nanodiamond powder. An Ag film was deposited on the carbon structure by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering. The silver film was irradiated with a 150 eV Ar⁺ to form plasmonic-active nanoparticles (NP) on the surface of the a-C:ND. The structure of the obtained a-C:ND and a-C:ND/Ag structures were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and fluorescence lifetime imaging at two-photon excitation. The analysis revealed 76% of sp³-carbon and a good dispersion of diamond nanoparticles in the a-C. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was applied to investigate the a-C:ND/Ag structure, allowing for the observation of SERS from the sp²-carbon species and the absence of significant a-C:ND damage after Ar⁺ irradiation of the Ag overlayer. A plasmonic-metal-enhanced luminescence was observed at one- and two-photon excitations, revealing a two- to five-fold intensity increase. The activity of the used DNDs was tested using the agar diffusion method and observed against the bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli and the fungi of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and the yeast of Candida albicans, showing DND activity against all the test strains of fungi. Full article

Faraday isolators are the inherent components of complex laser systems. The isolation degree is essentially determined by the effects that occur in its magneto-optical element, so the choice of material from which it is made is very important. The principal approaches to choosing a magneto-optical material for Faraday isolators are addressed. Characteristic features of materials for Faraday devices operating in laser radiation with high average and high peak power are considered. Some trends in magneto-optical ceramics and the advantages and shortcomings of a number of ceramic samples are analyzed. Using the proposed approaches and recommendations will allow to create devices with unique characteristics for any wavelength range for different practical applications. Full article

In this study, the effect of molarity on the structural, magnetic, and heat dissipation properties of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) was investigated to optimise the parameters for potential application in magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT). MHT works based on the principle of local temperature rise at the tumour site by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) with the application of an alternating magnetic field. MHT is a safe method for cancer treatment and has minimal or no side effects. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is the best material among MIONPs to be applied in local MHT due to its biocompatibility and high saturation magnetisation value. MNPs were prepared by co-precipitation at varying molarity. Structural characterisation was performed via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) for crystalline structure analysis and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for morphology and particle size analysis. Measurement of the magnetic properties of the as-synthesised MNPs was carried out using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Power loss (P) was determined theoretically. The increase in molarity resulted in significant effects on the structural, magnetic, and heat dissipation properties of MNPs. The particle size and saturation magnetisation (M_s) decreased with the gradual addition of base but increased, together with crystallinity, with the gradual addition of iron source. M3 recorded the smallest crystalline size at 3.559 nm. The sample with the highest molarity (M4) displayed the highest heat generation capacity with a p value of up to 0.4056 W/g. High p values at the nano-scale are crucial, especially in local MHT, for effective heat generation, thus proving the importance of molarity as a vital parameter during MNP synthesis. Full article

Water has attracted plenty of attention as a lubricant for manufacturing due to the fact that it is inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and efficient. Because of their outstanding mechanical capabilities, water dispensability, and range of real applications, graphene oxide (GO) materials have the potential to augment the effectiveness of water lubrication. With this encouragement, we inspect the impact of induced magnetism on the fluid flow near a stagnation point dispended with water-based GO nanoparticles caused by a movable surface with a homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reaction. The leading equations and their related boundary constraints are first transformed into a non-dimensional form through the utilization of the similarity technique. The consequent equations are then numerically solved by employing the bvp4c scheme. Those figures are used to exemplify the stimulation of the relevant constraints on the fluid flow, induced magnetic profiles, temperature profiles, concentration profiles, heat transfer, and friction factor. It is observed that the nanoparticle’s volume fraction enhances the heat transfer rate, as well as the friction factor. The heat transfer and friction factor escalate by almost 11.71% and 0.96% for the respective upper-branch solutions due to the larger impacts of nanoparticles’ volume fractions, while for the lower-branch solutions, they are augmented at about 21.8% and 0.66%, respectively. In addition, double solutions can be found in the limited values of a movable parameter. Full article

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were obtained for the first time via the green chemistry approach, starting from two aqueous extracts of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), both leaf and stems. In order to obtain magnetic nanoparticles suitable for medical purposes, more precisely with hyperthermia inducing features, a synthesis reaction was conducted, both at room temperature (25 °C) and at 80 °C, and with two formulations of the precipitation agent. Both the quality and stability of the synthesized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were physiochemically characterized: phase composition (X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)), thermal behavior (thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), electron microscopy (scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM)), and magnetic properties (DC and HF-AC). The magnetic investigation of the as-obtained magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles revealed that the synthesis at 80 °C using a mixture of NaOH and NH₃(aq) increases their diameter and implicitly enhances their specific absorption rate (SAR), a mandatory parameter for practical applications in hyperthermia. Full article