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Atopic Dermatitis: New Perspectives

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A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 March 2022) | Viewed by 12167

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Dear Colleagues,

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease that places a great burden on patients, their families, and society.

Individuals with AD are affected both by the condition itself and by the stigma associated with its visibility, this visibility being more accentuated and with greater impact on the female sex since traditionally, it has always been more aware of social exposure.

The list of potential skin and systemic comorbidities of AD reflects the high burden of the disease, both in affected individuals and in their families, making the development of better interventions even more urgent.

Despite the important advances and the incorporation of new therapeutic weapons that already include atopic dermatitis in their indications, it is still necessary to speed up the diagnostic process and find solutions that meet the expectations of patients and their needs to control itching, achieve skin lightening, and reduce breakouts. Multidisciplinary management and approaches to patients with AD and more well-defined clinical guidelines and protocols are necessary to address, evaluate, and measure this disease.

For all these reasons, this Special Issue aims to contribute to the latest advances in comorbidities and treatments of AD.

Dr. Jose Carlos Armario Hita
Dr. Jose Juan Pereyra Rodriguez
Dr. Ricardo Ruiz-Villaverde
Guest Editors

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Keywords

atopic dermatitis
treatment
comorbidities

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12 pages, 2539 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preservative Contact Hypersensitivity among Adult Atopic Dermatitis Patients

by Dominik Németh, Erzsébet Temesvári, Péter Holló and Györgyi Pónyai

Life 2022, 12(5), 715; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050715 - 11 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2681

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by an impaired skin barrier. The prolonged use of topical preparations containing medications, emollients, fragrances and preservatives may increase the risk of contact hypersensitivity (CHS). In the Allergy Outpatient Unit of the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology of Semmelweis University, 5790 adult patients were patch tested between 2007–2021 with the European Environmental Baseline Series according to international standards. Among all the tested adult patients, 723 had preservative CHS (PCHS) and 639 had AD. Among the 723 PCHS patients, 68 (9.4%) had AD; the female to male ratio was 3:1 in this group. Out of 639 AD patients, 68 had PCHS (10.6%). In the AD-PCHS group, 83.8% had CHS to methylisothiazolinone (MI) (tested from 2014), 36.8% to Kathon CG^®, 16.2% to methyldibromo-glutaronitrile, 11.8% to paraben, 7.4% to formaldehyde, 4.4% to para-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin and 1.5% to Quaternium-15. The most common concomitant PCHS combination was Kathon CG^® + MI. Most patients (32.4%) belonged to the age group of 21–30, and skin symptoms affected mostly the limbs and face. The most common other concomitant allergens were nickel, lanolin alcohol and balsam of Peru. Preservatives (especially MI and Kathon CG^®) are important contact allergens in adult AD, mostly among young women. The rate of AD in the PCHS group and the rate of PCHS in the AD group is remarkable; thus, the role of PCHS should be highlighted in the topical therapy and in the prevention of possible AD exacerbations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atopic Dermatitis: New Perspectives)

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Study of Hypersensitivity to Malassezia furfur in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis with Head and Neck Pattern: Is It Useful as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Indicator in These Patients?

by Francisco José Navarro-Triviño and Ángela Ayén-Rodríguez

Life 2022, 12(2), 299; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020299 - 16 Feb 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 8513

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. Head and neck (H&N) involvement, also known as the picture-frame pattern, can be a diagnostic and even therapeutic challenge. Sensitization to the fungus Malassezia furfur seems to be implicated in this clinical presentation. To investigate the role of Malassezia furfur in H&N dermatitis, we performed an observational single-centre study. Serum-specific IgE levels for Malassezia furfur were determined in a total of 25 patients with AD (15 receiving dupilumab treatment, 10 not receiving dupilumab), 14 patients with seborrheic dermatitis, and 19 healthy controls. Reactivity to Malasseziafurfur, in terms of serum-specific IgE levels (>0.35 Ku.arb./L), was found in 80% of patients with AD. Risk factors to consider include high total IgE levels, sensitization to multiple pneumoallergens, and elevated LDH and CRP levels. Prescription of topical antifungals, oral antifungals, or a combination of both showed good response in 100% of cases in the H&N AD group treated with dupilumab. The most appropriate treatment seems to be the use of oral itraconazole and/or ketoconazole cream. The median treatment time was 3 weeks. Localized dermatitis in H&N significantly affects the patient’s life. We present a study of sensitization to Malassezia furfur in patients with H&N AD. It is important to know the differential diagnosis and to approach the study correctly. Sensitization to Malassezia furfur may be one of the main reasons, especially in patients being treated with dupilumab. The use of antifungals allows for adequate control, avoiding treatment changes and improving the patient’s quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atopic Dermatitis: New Perspectives)

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