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Life
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Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) Differentiation
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Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) Differentiation

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (14 January 2022) | Viewed by 15834

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Satoshi Komatsu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health, Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
Interests: cell biology; cell migration and invasion; cell contraction; motor proteins; smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation; smooth muscle contraction and relaxation; vascular and airway remodeling
Dr. Xia Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
Interests: vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation; vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation in vascular remodeling; endothelial cell inflammation and macrophage activation in atherosclerosis; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in disease development; metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and hepatic steatosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will focus on the original research articles related to cell biology and tissue engineering in the circulatory and respiratory systems. Topics will include the differentiation of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells during angiogenesis, atherosclerosis and hypertension. The article collection will also include papers on the differentiation of lung epithelial and airway smooth muscle cells during lung injury, repair, asthma and fibrosis. The focus of this Special Issue will be on the mechanisms of vascular/pulmonary homeostasis and dysfunction, including signal transduction, gene expression, cell proliferation, cell death and cell–matrix interactions. We also encourage submissions that aim to define vascular/pulmonary homeostasis and dysfunction in experimental models.

Dr. Satoshi Komatsu
Dr. Xia Guo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3785 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis of the Anti-TGFβ Effect of Schisandra chinensis Fruit Extract and Schisandrin B in A7r5 Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
by Sanghoon Lee, Jung Nyeo Chun, Hae-Jeung Lee, Hyun Ho Park, Insuk So, Ju-Hong Jeon and Eun-Jung Park
Life 2021, 11(2), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020163 - 20 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2376
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis fruit extract (SCE) has been used as a traditional medicine for treating vascular diseases. However, little is known about how SCE and schisandrin B (SchB) affect transcriptional output-a crucial factor for shaping the fibrotic responses of the transforming growth factor β [...] Read more.
Schisandra chinensis fruit extract (SCE) has been used as a traditional medicine for treating vascular diseases. However, little is known about how SCE and schisandrin B (SchB) affect transcriptional output-a crucial factor for shaping the fibrotic responses of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathways in in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In this study, to assess the pharmacological effect of SCE and SchB on TGFβ-induced transcriptional output, we performed DNA microarray experiments in A7r5 VSMCs. We found that TGFβ induced distinctive changes in the gene expression profile and that these changes were considerably reversed by SCE and SchB. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) with Hallmark signature suggested that SCE or SchB inhibits a range of fibrosis-associated biological processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation and migration. With our VSMC-specific transcriptional interactome network, master regulator analysis identified crucial transcription factors that regulate the expression of SCE- and SchB-effective genes (i.e., TGFβ-reactive genes whose expression are reversed by SCE and SchB). Our results provide novel perspective and insight into understanding the pharmacological action of SCE and SchB at the transcriptome level and will support further investigations to develop multitargeted strategies for the treatment of vascular fibrosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) Differentiation)
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Review

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17 pages, 1360 KiB  
Review
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation with a Focus on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
by Guoqing Qian, Oluwaseun Adeyanju, Ayobami Olajuyin and Xia Guo
Life 2022, 12(2), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020191 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 9173
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a lethal degenerative vascular disease that affects, mostly, the elder population, with a high mortality rate (>80%) upon rupture. It features a dilation of the aortic diameter to larger than 30 mm or more than 50%. Diverse pathological [...] Read more.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a lethal degenerative vascular disease that affects, mostly, the elder population, with a high mortality rate (>80%) upon rupture. It features a dilation of the aortic diameter to larger than 30 mm or more than 50%. Diverse pathological processes are involved in the development of AAA, including aortic wall inflammation, elastin breakdown, oxidative stress, smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching and dysfunction, and extracellular matrix degradation. With open surgery being the only therapeutic option up to date, the lack of pharmaceutical treatment approach calls for identifying novel and effective targets and further understanding the pathological process of AAA. Both lifestyle and genetic predisposition have an important role in increasing the risk of AAA. Several cell types are closely related to the pathogenesis of AAA. Among them, vascular SMCs (VSMCs) are gaining much attention as a critical contributor for AAA initiation and/or progression. In this review, we summarize what is known about AAA, including the risk factors, the pathophysiology, and the established animal models of AAA. In particular, we focus on the VSMC phenotypic switching and dysfunction in AAA formation. Further understanding the regulation of VSMC phenotypic changes may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of AAA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) Differentiation)
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16 pages, 1188 KiB  
Review
Characterization of Contractile Machinery of Vascular Smooth Muscles in Hypertension
by Qunhui Yang and Masatoshi Hori
Life 2021, 11(7), 702; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11070702 - 16 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3241
Abstract
Hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease and it is a growing public health problem worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction contribute to the development of hypertension. Calcium (Ca2+)-dependent and -independent signaling mechanisms regulate the [...] Read more.
Hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease and it is a growing public health problem worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction contribute to the development of hypertension. Calcium (Ca2+)-dependent and -independent signaling mechanisms regulate the balance of the myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphatase to induce myosin phosphorylation, which activates VSM contraction to control blood pressure (BP). Here, we discuss the mechanism of the contractile machinery in VSM, especially RhoA/Rho kinase and PKC/CPI-17 of Ca2+ sensitization pathway in hypertension. The two signaling pathways affect BP in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and are highlighted in pulmonary, pregnancy, and salt-sensitive hypertension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) Differentiation)
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