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Life
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Modelling and Simulation of Human Locomotion
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Modelling and Simulation of Human Locomotion

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry, Biophysics and Computational Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2022) | Viewed by 11898

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yi-Chung Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Behavioural and Health Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
Interests: musculoskeletal modelling; gait analysis; biomechanics; human locomotion; muscle function; predictive simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Morgan Sangeux

E-Mail Website1 Website2 Website3
Guest Editor
Biomech-Intel, Marseille, France
Interests: pathological gait; cerebral palsy; gait analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomechanical simulation has been extensively used to noninvasively evaluate muscle and joint motion in human movement. Accurate knowledge of muscle and joint function is essential for better understanding both normal and pathological human locomotion and, hence, improving patients’ treatment plans. Although gait-analysis techniques can be used to provide quantitative information on joint kinematics and kinetics, muscle and joint function cannot be derived directly from these data because of dynamic coupling. Biomechanical simulation integrates musculoskeletal models of the human body with optimisation and experimental data to determine in vivo muscle and joint function during dynamic tasks such as walking and running. It has been applied to investigating elderly gait from a muscle function perspective, to advancing the understanding of muscle spasticity in children with cerebral palsy, and to providing insight into the mechanical cause of osteoarthritis. Accurate information on the relationship between muscle and joint loading would also be valuable for improving sports performance and developing interventions to treat sports injuries.

The goal of this Special Issue is to show how musculoskeletal modelling can be used to improve our understanding of the biomechanics of human movement. The areas of interest include (but are not limited to):

  • Modelling studies aiming to understand the interaction between muscle forces and movement during various activities (e.g., walking, running, jumping, and cycling).
  • Modelling studies that address performance enhancement in sport.
  • Model simulations that could assist clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with movement abnormalities, such as stroke, cerebral palsy, and osteoarthritis.

Dr. Yi-Chung Lin
Dr. Morgan Sangeux
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • musculoskeletal modelling
  • gait analysis
  • pathological gait
  • motor control
  • human movement
  • sport biomechanics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1719 KiB  
Article
Statistical Quantification of the Effects of Marker Misplacement and Soft-Tissue Artifact on Shoulder Kinematics and Kinetics
by Maxence Lavaill, Saulo Martelli, Graham K. Kerr and Peter Pivonka
Life 2022, 12(6), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12060819 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2203
Abstract
The assessment of shoulder kinematics and kinetics are commonly undertaken biomechanically and clinically by using rigid-body models and experimental skin-marker trajectories. However, the accuracy of these trajectories is plagued by inherent skin-based marker errors due to marker misplacements (offset) and soft-tissue artifacts (STA). [...] Read more.
The assessment of shoulder kinematics and kinetics are commonly undertaken biomechanically and clinically by using rigid-body models and experimental skin-marker trajectories. However, the accuracy of these trajectories is plagued by inherent skin-based marker errors due to marker misplacements (offset) and soft-tissue artifacts (STA). This paper aimed to assess the individual contribution of each of these errors to kinematic and kinetic shoulder outcomes computed using a shoulder rigid-body model. Baseline experimental data of three shoulder planar motions in a young healthy adult were collected. The baseline marker trajectories were then perturbed by simulating typically observed population-based offset and/or STA using a probabilistic Monte-Carlo approach. The perturbed trajectories were then used together with a shoulder rigid-body model to compute shoulder angles and moments and study their accuracy and variability against baseline. Each type of error was studied individually, as well as in combination. On average, shoulder kinematics varied by 3%, 6% and 7% due to offset, STA or combined errors, respectively. Shoulder kinetics varied by 11%, 27% and 28% due to offset, STA or combined errors, respectively. In conclusion, to reduce shoulder kinematic and kinetic errors, one should prioritise reducing STA as they have the largest error contribution compared to marker misplacements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Human Locomotion)
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12 pages, 1198 KiB  
Article
Similar Biomechanical Behavior in Gait Analysis between Ceramic-on-Ceramic and Ceramic-on-XLPE Total Hip Arthroplasties
by Athanasios Triantafyllou, Georgios Papagiannis, Vasileios S. Nikolaou, Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos and George C. Babis
Life 2021, 11(12), 1366; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11121366 - 08 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2096
Abstract
In vitro measurements are widely used to implement gait kinematic and kinetic parameters to predict THA wear rate. Clinical tests of materials and designs are crucial to prove the accuracy and validate such measurements. This research aimed to examine the effect of CoC [...] Read more.
In vitro measurements are widely used to implement gait kinematic and kinetic parameters to predict THA wear rate. Clinical tests of materials and designs are crucial to prove the accuracy and validate such measurements. This research aimed to examine the effect of CoC and CoXLPE kinematics and kinetics on wear during gait, the essential functional activity of humans, by comparing in vivo data to in vitro results. Our study hypothesis was that both implants would present the same hip joint kinematics and kinetics during gait. In total, 127 unilateral primary cementless total hip arthroplasties were included in the research. There were no statistically significant differences observed at mean peak abduction, flexion, and extension moments and THA kinematics between the two groups. THA gait kinematics and kinetics are crucial biomechanical inputs associated with implant wear. In vitro studies report less wear in CoC than CoXLPE when tested in a matched gait kinematic protocol. Our findings confirm that both implants behave identically in terms of kinematics in a clinical environment, thus strengthening CoC advantage in in vitro results. Correlated to all other significant factors that affect THA wear, it could address in a complete prism the wear on CoC and CoXLPE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Human Locomotion)
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13 pages, 2812 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Global Optimisation and Direct Kinematics in Predicting Surgical Outcome in Children with Cerebral Palsy
by Claude Fiifi Hayford, Emma Pratt, John P. Cashman, Owain G. Evans and Claudia Mazzà
Life 2021, 11(12), 1306; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11121306 - 27 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1656
Abstract
Multibody optimisation approaches have not seen much use in routine clinical applications despite evidence of improvements in modelling through a reduction in soft tissue artifacts compared to the standard gait analysis technique of direct kinematics. To inform clinical use, this study investigated the [...] Read more.
Multibody optimisation approaches have not seen much use in routine clinical applications despite evidence of improvements in modelling through a reduction in soft tissue artifacts compared to the standard gait analysis technique of direct kinematics. To inform clinical use, this study investigated the consistency with which both approaches predicted post-surgical outcomes, using changes in Gait Profile Score (GPS) when compared to a clinical assessment of outcome that did not include the 3D gait data. Retrospective three-dimensional motion capture data were utilised from 34 typically developing children and 26 children with cerebral palsy who underwent femoral derotation osteotomies as part of Single Event Multi-Level Surgeries. Results indicated that while, as expected, the GPS estimated from the two methods were numerically different, they were strongly correlated (Spearman’s ρ = 0.93), and no significant differences were observed between their estimations of change in GPS after surgery. The two scores equivalently classified a worsening or improvement in the gait quality in 93% of the cases. When compared with the clinical classification of responders versus non-responders to the intervention, an equivalent performance was found for the two approaches, with 27/41 and 28/41 cases in agreement with the clinical judgement for multibody optimisation and direct kinematics, respectively. With this equivalent performance to the direct kinematics approach and the benefit of being less sensitive to skin artefact and allowing additional analysis such as estimation of musculotendon lengths and joint contact forces, multibody optimisation has the potential to improve the clinical decision-making process in children with cerebral palsy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Human Locomotion)
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15 pages, 2997 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Patellar Tendon Advancement on Knee Joint Moment and Muscle Forces in Patients with Cerebral Palsy
by Derya Karabulut, Yunus Ziya Arslan, Marco Götze and Sebastian I. Wolf
Life 2021, 11(9), 944; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11090944 - 09 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1987
Abstract
Background: Patellar tendon advancement (PTA) is performed for the treatment of crouch gait in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of PTA in the context of single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) on knee joint moment and [...] Read more.
Background: Patellar tendon advancement (PTA) is performed for the treatment of crouch gait in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of PTA in the context of single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) on knee joint moment and muscle forces through musculoskeletal modeling; Methods: Gait data of children with CP and crouch gait were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were included if they had a SEMLS with a PTA (PTA group, n = 18) and a SEMLS without a PTA (NoPTA group, n = 18). A musculoskeletal model was used to calculate the pre- and postoperative knee joint moments and muscle forces; Results: Knee extensor moment increased in the PTA group postoperatively (p = 0.016), but there was no statistically significant change in the NoPTA group (p > 0.05). The quadriceps muscle forces increased for the PTA group (p = 0.034), while there was no difference in the NoPTA group (p > 0.05). The hamstring muscle forces increased in the PTA group (p = 0.039), while there was no difference in the NoPTA group (p > 0.05); Conclusions: PTA was found to be an effective surgery for the treatment of crouch gait. It contributes to improving knee extensor moment, decreasing knee flexor moment, and enhancing the quadriceps and hamstring muscle forces postoperatively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Human Locomotion)
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17 pages, 2126 KiB  
Article
Goal-Oriented Optimization of Dynamic Simulations to Find a Balance between Performance Enhancement and Injury Prevention during Volleyball Spiking
by Dhruv Gupta, Cyril J. Donnelly, Jody L. Jensen and Jeffrey A. Reinbolt
Life 2021, 11(7), 598; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11070598 - 22 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2669
Abstract
Performance enhancement and injury prevention are often perceived as opposite sides of a coin, where focusing on improvements of one leads to detriment of the other. In this study, we used physics-based simulations with novel optimization methods to find participant-specific, whole-body mechanics of [...] Read more.
Performance enhancement and injury prevention are often perceived as opposite sides of a coin, where focusing on improvements of one leads to detriment of the other. In this study, we used physics-based simulations with novel optimization methods to find participant-specific, whole-body mechanics of volleyball spiking that enhances performance (the peak height of the hitting hand and its forward velocity) while minimizing injury risk. For the volleyball spiking motion, the shoulder is the most common injury site because of the high mechanical loads that are most pronounced during the follow-through phase of the movement. We analyzed 104 and 209 spiking trials across 13 participants for the power and follow-through phases, respectively. During the power phase, simulations increased (p < 0.025) the peak height of the hitting wrist by 1% and increased (p < 0.025) the forward wrist velocity by 25%, without increasing peak shoulder joint torques, by increasing the lower-limb forward swing (i.e., hip flexion, knee extension). During the follow-through phase, simulations decreased (p < 0.025) peak shoulder joint torques by 75% elicited by synergistic rotation of the trunk along the pathway of the hitting arm. Our results show that performance enhancement and injury prevention are not mutually exclusive and may both be improved simultaneously, potentially leading to better-performing and injury-free athletes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Human Locomotion)
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