Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Disorders: New Insights in the Diagnosis and Treatment

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 4250

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Neurology and Institute for Translation Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
Interests: clinical neurology; epilepsy; neuroscience; mitochondria; neuropharmacology

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Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
Interests: movement disorder; botulinum therapy; sleep disorder; electrophysiology; ion channelopathies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide, with a prevalence of 0.5–1% in the general population. It is a chronic dynamic medical problem that often requires long-term antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Of note is seizures in many patients do not remit despite appropriate medication, and lifelong AED therapy is usually required for those with refractory epilepsy. Nonepileptic paroxysmal disorders, such as sleep disorders, nocturnal movement disorders, vasovagal syncope, paroxysmal dyskinesia, episodic ataxia, tics, panic disorder, and psychogenic non-epileptic events that may result in loss of awareness, spasms, involuntary movement, limb convulsions and abrupt physical dysfunction. In semiology, these signs and symptoms may resemble epileptic seizures. Both epilepsy and paroxysmal disorders can occur unexpectedly and impact on patients’ quality of life. Differential diagnosis between epilepsy and paroxysmal disorders represents a significant challenge for the clinical physician. Meanwhile, autoimmune encephalitis may cause refractory status epilepticus and uncontrolled movement disorder. Recent discovery of novel gene mutations in ion channels indicates episodic movement disorders which frequently associates with nonepileptic paroxysmal dyskinesias and epileptic seizures. Thus, carefully diagnosis between the epileptic and nonepileptic spectrum of these diseases will help us to develop accurate and new insight of treatment. This Special Issue is open for submissions of research papers and review articles on topics including clinical and basic studies. It will focus on, but not limited to: the clinical manifestations, newly diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, biomarkers, and molecular and genetic diagnosis in epilepsy and paroxysmal disorders.

Prof. Dr. Yao-Chung Chuang
Dr. Rou-Shayn Chen
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • epilepsy
  • seizure disorder
  • status epilepticus
  • paroxysmal disorder
  • sleep disorder
  • movement disorder
  • antiepileptic drug
  • gene mutation
  • biomarker
  • electrophysiology

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 224 KiB  
Article
Reduced Sleep Quality Is Related to Poor Quality of Life in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy, a Case-Control Study
by Chih-Yin Lin, Tony Wu, Chun-Wei Chang, Hsiang-Yao Hsieh, Mei-Yun Cheng, Wei-En Johnny Tseng, Wey-Ran Lin, Cheng-Hong Toh, Yi-Ping Chao, Chun-Jing Liu and Siew-Na Lim
Life 2022, 12(3), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030434 - 16 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1827
Abstract
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a primary generalized epilepsy which is closely related to the sleep-wake cycle. This study aimed to investigate whether sleep disturbance is more common among patients with JME and the impact this may have on their quality of life [...] Read more.
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a primary generalized epilepsy which is closely related to the sleep-wake cycle. This study aimed to investigate whether sleep disturbance is more common among patients with JME and the impact this may have on their quality of life (QOL). Thirty-four patients with JME and age- and gender-matched controls were recruited into this case control study, and assessed using validated sleep questionnaires including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS). QOL was assessed using the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31). The patients had a significantly higher PSQI score and higher proportion of abnormal PSQI scores than the controls. They also had higher ESS and SSS scores, but without statistical significance. The patients with poor sleep quality had significantly lower overall QOL, emotional well-being, and energy/fatigue subscale scores. The use of a higher number of antiseizure medications, dosage of levetiracetam, and usage of antiseizure medication polytherapy were associated with sleep disorders. Our results showed that sleep disturbance is common in patients with JME, and also that it has an impact on their QOL. Full article
10 pages, 1551 KiB  
Article
The Discordance between Network Excitability and Cognitive Performance Following Vigabatrin Treatment during Epileptogenesis
by Ming-Chi Lai and Chin-Wei Huang
Life 2021, 11(11), 1213; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11111213 - 10 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1446
Abstract
Vigabatrin (VGB), a potent selective γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T) inhibitor, is an approved non-traditional anti-seizure drug for patients with intractable epilepsy. Nevertheless, its effect on epileptogenesis, and whether this effect is correlated with post-epileptogenic cognitive function remain unclear. Based on lithium-pilocarpine-induced seizure modeling, [...] Read more.
Vigabatrin (VGB), a potent selective γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T) inhibitor, is an approved non-traditional anti-seizure drug for patients with intractable epilepsy. Nevertheless, its effect on epileptogenesis, and whether this effect is correlated with post-epileptogenic cognitive function remain unclear. Based on lithium-pilocarpine-induced seizure modeling, we evaluated the effect of VGB on epileptogenesis and neuronal damage following status epilepticus in Sprague–Dawley rats. Cognitive evaluations were performed with the aid of inhibitory avoidance testing. We found that VGB could interrupt epileptogenesis by reducing spontaneous recurrent seizures, hippocampal neuronal damage, and chronic mossy fiber sprouting. Nevertheless, VGB did not help with the retention of cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that further research into the role of VGB in epileptogenesis and the treatment of epilepsy in clinical practice is warranted. Full article
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