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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Related Disorders: Pathophysiological Traits and Strategies...
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Related Disorders: Pathophysiological Traits and Strategies for Treatment

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 24 July 2024 | Viewed by 2285

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jinkwan Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Jungwon University 85, Munmu-ro, Goesan-eup, Goesan-gun 28204, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
Interests: obstructive sleep apnoea; sleep fragmentation; inflammation; exosome and biomarkers; cardio-metabolic disease; epigenetics; mesenchymal stem cell
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease that can lead to serious health problems, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and neurocognitive dysfunction. OSA affects up to 1 billion people worldwide and is a complex and heterogeneous disorder. It is characterized by intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation due to repetitive collapse of upper airway during sleep. These physiological properties lead to activation and propagation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and sympathetic hyperactivity. Due to the lack of experimental models that can mimic OSA, the underlying mechanisms linking OSA and comorbidities are not clearly elucidated. However, advances in molecular and biological technologies have made it possible to better understand the pathophysiological phenomena of OSA-related diseases. In this Special Issue, we will cover recent outstanding findings regarding treatment strategies, biomarkers, and pathophysiological mechanisms of various diseases associated with OSA, important clinical and epidemiological results, and big data analysis. This integrated approach is expected to provide readers with a better understanding of the pathophysiologic consequences of OSA and related disorders.

Dr. Jinkwan Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • sleep fragmentation
  • cardiometabolic dysfunction
  • inflammation
  • co-morbidities

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1011 KiB  
Article
Prevalence and Characteristics of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Overlap Syndrome
by Michail Fanaridis, Izolde Bouloukaki, Georgios Stathakis, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Nikos Tzanakis, Violeta Moniaki, Eleni Mavroudi, Ioanna Tsiligianni and Sophia Schiza
Life 2024, 14(5), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14050547 - 25 Apr 2024
Viewed by 280
Abstract
Overlap syndrome (OVS) is a distinct clinical entity that seems to result in potential cardiovascular consequences. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for OVS in OSA patients and analyze clinical and PSG characteristics associated with OVS. In this cross-sectional study, [...] Read more.
Overlap syndrome (OVS) is a distinct clinical entity that seems to result in potential cardiovascular consequences. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for OVS in OSA patients and analyze clinical and PSG characteristics associated with OVS. In this cross-sectional study, 2616 patients evaluated for OSA underwent type-1 polysomnography (PSG). They were grouped as pure OSA (AHI > 15/h) and OVS patients. Demographics, PSG data, pulmonary function tests and arterial blood gases (ABGs) were compared between groups after adjustments for confounders. OSA was diagnosed in 2108 out of 2616 patients. Of those, 398 (19%) had OVS. Independent predictors of OVS were older age [OR: 5.386 (4.153–6.987)], current/former smoking [OR: 11.577 (7.232–18.532)], BMI [OR: 2.901 (2.082–4.044)] and ABG measurements [PaCO2 ≥ 45 OR: 4.648 (3.078–7.019), PO2 [OR: 0.934 (0.920–0.949)], HCO3− [OR: 1.196 (1.133–1.263), all p < 0.001]. OVS was also associated with prevalent hypertension [OR: 1.345 (1.030–1.758), p = 0.03] and cardiovascular disease [OR: 1.617 (1.229–2.126), p < 0.001], depressive symptoms [OR: 1.741 (1.230–2.465), p = 0.002] and nocturia [OR: 1.944 (1.378–2.742), p < 0.001], as well as with indices of OSA severity. Disturbances in sleep architecture were more prominent in OVS expressed by lower %N3 and REM% and higher arousal index. Our data suggest that OVS is prevalent among OSA patients, with distinct clinical and PSG characteristics. These characteristics could be utilized as predictive factors for early identification and further evaluation of these patients towards desirable patient-reported outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Related Disorders: Pathophysiological Traits and Strategies for Treatment)
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Review

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17 pages, 3069 KiB  
Review
Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertension Induced by Sleep Apnea Syndrome/Intermittent Hypoxia
by Yoshinori Takeda, Fuminori Kimura and Shin Takasawa
Life 2024, 14(1), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14010157 - 22 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 991
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a central characteristic of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), and it subjects cells in the body to repetitive apnea, chronic hypoxia, oxygen desaturation, and hypercapnia. Since SAS is linked to various serious cardiovascular complications, especially hypertension, many studies have been [...] Read more.
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a central characteristic of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), and it subjects cells in the body to repetitive apnea, chronic hypoxia, oxygen desaturation, and hypercapnia. Since SAS is linked to various serious cardiovascular complications, especially hypertension, many studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanism of hypertension induced by SAS/IH. Hypertension in SAS is associated with numerous cardiovascular disorders. As hypertension is the most common complication of SAS, cell and animal models to study SAS/IH have developed and provided lots of hints for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of hypertension induced by IH. However, the detailed mechanisms are obscure and under investigation. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms of hypertension in IH, which include the regulation systems of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activate the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and catecholamine biosynthesis in the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in hypertension. And hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), Endotheline 1 (ET-1), and inflammatory factors are also mentioned. In addition, we will discuss the influences of SAS/IH in cardiovascular dysfunction and the relationship of microRNA (miRNA)s to regulate the key molecules in each mechanism, which has become more apparent in recent years. These findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of SAS and help in the development of future treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Related Disorders: Pathophysiological Traits and Strategies for Treatment)
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Other

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9 pages, 227 KiB  
Opinion
Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Use—Practice Recommendations of the Slovak Society of Pulmonology and Phthisiology
by Pavol Pobeha, Imrich Mucska, Robert Vysehradsky, Marta Hajkova, Ivana Paranicova and Pavol Joppa
Life 2024, 14(3), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030376 - 13 Mar 2024
Viewed by 614
Abstract
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is increasingly used as a treatment method for patients with respiratory failure. The first recommendations for the use of NIPPV in Slovakia were developed by the Slovak Society of Pulmonology and Phthisiology in 2007 and were partially revised [...] Read more.
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is increasingly used as a treatment method for patients with respiratory failure. The first recommendations for the use of NIPPV in Slovakia were developed by the Slovak Society of Pulmonology and Phthisiology in 2007 and were partially revised in 2015. New scientific evidence prompted the present update, which is based on widely accepted international guidelines and was adapted to address local needs. Important features of the present update include a classification of acute indications for NIPPV into three categories based on the level of supporting evidence, namely 1. definite indications for in-hospital use of NIPPV; 2. possible indications for in-hospital use of NIPPV; and 3. disorders and states in which in-hospital use of NIPPV is not recommended. The current update also reflects the importance of comorbid sleep-related breathing disorders and other chronic respiratory conditions, as well as the use and limitations of continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Since oxygen therapy is often administered along with NIPPV, guidance on the safe use of oxygen in NIPPV-treated patients has also been included. Also, the present update extends the range of its users, addressing the needs of specialists in pediatric respiratory medicine as a novelty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Related Disorders: Pathophysiological Traits and Strategies for Treatment)
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