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Special Issue "Immune-Mediated Diseases"

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A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanisms of Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 October 2023 | Viewed by 5573

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Melchor Álvarez de Mon

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, IRYCYS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
2. Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
Interests: immune system; systemic diseases; semiology; cytokines; translational medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Miguel Ortega

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Guest Editor

Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, IRYCYS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
Interests: vascular diseases; artery; venous disease; venous hypertension; heart; lymph; diabetes; immune system; translational medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Jorge Monserrat

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Guest Editor

Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, IRYCYS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
Interests: inflammation; T, B and NK cells; monocytes and dendritic cells functions applied to immune system and infection (multiorgan failure syndrome, COVID-19); autoimmunity (rheumatoid arthritis and lupus); cancer (leukemia and lung cancer); hepatology; fibromyalgia and mayor depression; expert in flow cytometry
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Dr. Miguel Ángel Alvarez de Mon

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Guest Editor

Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, IRYCYS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
Interests: personalized medicine; clinical medicine; new therapies; medical-patient relationship
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immune-mediated diseases constitute a broad spectrum of diseases that cause serious consequences in patients. These diseases result in a clear compromise of immune response, which can cause an abnormal functioning of organs and systems, with responses at a systemic level. In this sense, immune-mediated diseases are not known in all cellular and molecular mechanisms. In addition, the repercussions on patients themselves are severe at both social and psychoneuroendocrinological levels. In this Special Issue, we want to bring together research that will allow us to give our patients personalized and more effective medicine.

Prof. Dr. Melchor Álvarez de Mon
Dr. Miguel A. Ortega
Prof. Dr. Jorge Monserrat
Dr. Miguel Ángel Alvarez de Mon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID)
integrative medicine
psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology (PNIE)
inflammation
T, B and NK cells
monocytes and dendritic cells
COVID-19
autoimmunity
cancer (leukemia and lung cancer)
flow cytometry

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Chronic Venous Disease during Pregnancy Is Related to Inflammation of the Umbilical Cord: Role of Allograft Inflammatory Factor 1 (AIF-1) and Interleukins 10 (IL-10), IL-12 and IL-18

Lara Sánchez-Trujillo

Oscar Fraile-Martinez

Cielo García-Montero

Luis M. García-Puente

Luis G. Guijarro

Diego De Leon-Oliva

Diego Liviu Boaru

David Gardón-Alburquerque

María del Val Toledo Lobo

Natalio García-Honduvilla

and

Miguel A. Ortega

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(6), 956; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13060956 - 05 Jun 2023

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Abstract

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a common condition that affects the veins in the lower limbs, resulting in a variety of symptoms, such as swelling, pain, and varicose veins (VVs). The plenty hormonal, hemodynamic and mechanical changes occurred in pregnancy make women especially vulnerable to suffer from this condition in this period. Previous works have identified that CVD is associated with an increased inflammatory milieu and significant damage in maternofetal tissues, such as the umbilical cord. However, the inflammatory status of this structure in these patients has not been studied yet. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine gene and protein expression of a set of inflammatory markers—Allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1), the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 12A (IL-12A) and IL-18 and the anti-inflammatory product IL-10—in the umbilical cord of women with CVD during pregnancy (N = 62) and healthy pregnant women (HC; N = 52) by the use of real time qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our results demonstrate that the umbilical cord tissue from CVD women exhibit an increased expression of AIF-1, IL-12A and IL-18 along with a decrease in IL-10. Therefore, our study suggests an inflammatory status of this structure related to CVD. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the expression of other inflammatory markers, as well as to analyze the maternofetal impact of these findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune-Mediated Diseases)

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Open AccessArticle

Prognostic Value of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the Temporal Progression of Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Oscar Fraile-Martínez

and

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(4), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040626 - 02 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 946

Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress is a major signature of spinal cord injury (SCI). The altered levels of various oxidative stress markers have been demonstrated in acute and chronic SCI. However, the variation of these markers in patients with chronic SCI depending on the time since the initial injury has not been explored yet. Objective: Our aim was to measure plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation in patients with SCI stratified in different periods of suffering the injury (0–5 years, 5–10 years, and more than 10 years). Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with SCI (N = 105) from different periods of the lesion and healthy control (HC) subjects (N = 38): short period (SCI SP, N = 31, time of evolution less than 5 years); early chronic (SCI ECP, N = 32, time of evolution 5–15 years); and late chronic (SCI LCP, N = 42, time of evolution more than 15 years). The plasma levels of MDA were measured using a commercially available colorimetric assay. Results: Patients with SCI had significantly higher plasma levels of MDA than HC subjects. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for plasma MDA levels in patients with SCI demonstrated areas under the curve (AUC) of 1 (HC vs. SCI-SP); 0.998 (HC vs. SCI-ECP); and 0.964 (HC vs. SCI-LCP). Additionally, three ROC curves were used to compare the different concentrations of MDA between the subgroups of patients with SCI, and the resulting AUCs were: 0.896 (SCI-SP vs. SCI-ECP); 0.840 (SCI-ECP vs. SCI-LCP); and 0.979 (SCI-SP vs. SCI-LCP). Conclusion: Plasma concentration of MDA can be considered as an oxidative stress biomarker to assess the prognosis of SCI in chronic stages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune-Mediated Diseases)

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Open AccessArticle

The Immune Landscape and Molecular Subtypes of Pediatric Crohn’s Disease: Results from In Silico Analysis

and

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(4), 571; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040571 - 23 Mar 2023

Viewed by 864

Abstract

Pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD) presents a distinct phenotype from adult-onset disease. A dysregulated immune response is critical in CD pathogenesis; thus, it is clinically important to describe immune cell alterations and to identify a new molecular classification for pediatric CD. To this end, in this study, a RNA-seq derived dataset GSE101794—which contains the expression profiles of 254 treatment-naïve pediatric CD samples, including CIBERSORTx and weighted gene-co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)—were performed to estimate the ratio of immune cells and to identify modules and genes related to specific immune cell infiltration, respectively. Hub genes derived from WGCNA were further employed to create a molecular classification using unsupervised K-means clustering. In the pediatric CD samples, it was found that M2 macrophages, CD4⁺ memory resting T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, and resting mast cells were the most prominent immune cells in intestinal tissues. Then, 985 up-regulated genes and 860 down-regulated genes were identified in samples with high immune cell infiltration. Of these differential genes, 10 hub genes (APOA1, CYB5A, XPNPEP2, SLC1A7, SLC4A6, LIPE, G6PC, AGXT2, SLC13A1, and SOAT2) were associated with CD8⁺T cell infiltration. Clinically, the higher expression of these 10 hub genes was strongly associated with an earlier age of CD onset and colonic-type CD. Furthermore, based on these key genes, pediatric CD could be classified into three molecular subtypes, displaying a different immune landscape. Altogether, this in silico analysis provides a novel insight into the immune signature of pediatric CD, and a new classification of pediatric CD is presented, which may help us develop more personalized disease management and treatments for pediatric CD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune-Mediated Diseases)

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Open AccessArticle

Resveratrol Inhibits Activation of Microglia after Stroke through Triggering Translocation of Smo to Primary Cilia

and

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(2), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020268 - 31 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1124

Abstract

Activated microglia act as a double-edged sword for stroke. In the acute phase of stroke, activated microglia might deteriorate neurological function. Therefore, it is of great clinical transforming potential to explore drugs or methods that can inhibit abnormal activation of microglia in the acute phase of stroke to improve neurological function after stroke. Resveratrol has a potential effect of regulating microglial activation and anti-inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism of resveratrol-inhibiting microglial activation has not been fully clarified. Smoothened (Smo) belongs to the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Smo activation is the critical step that transmits the Hh signal across the primary cilia to the cytoplasm. Moreover, activated Smo can improve neurological function via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, axonal remodeling, and so on. More studies have indicated that resveratrol can activate Smo. However, it is currently unknown whether resveratrol inhibits microglial activation via Smo. Therefore, in this study, N9 microglia in vitro and mice in vivo were used to investigate whether resveratrol inhibited microglial activation after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) or middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury and improved functional outcome via triggering translocation of Smo in primary cilia. We definitively found that microglia had primary cilia; resveratrol partially inhibited activation and inflammation of microglia, improved functional outcome after OGD/R and MCAO/R injury, and triggered translocation of Smo to primary cilia. On the contrary, Smo antagonist cyclopamine canceled the above effects of resveratrol. The study suggested that Smo receptor might be a therapeutic target of resveratrol for contributing to inhibit microglial activation in the acute phase of stroke. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune-Mediated Diseases)

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Review

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Open AccessReview

Updated Views in Targeted Therapy in the Patient with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Miguel A. Ortega

Leonel Pekarek

Fátima Navarro

Oscar Fraile-Martínez

Cielo García-Montero

Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon

Raúl Diez-Pedrero

María del Carmen Boyano-Adánez

Luis G. Guijarro

Silvestra Barrena-Blázquez

and

J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(2), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020167 - 17 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1517

Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent form of lung cancer and represents a set of histological entities that have an ominous long-term prognosis, for example, adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Both small cell and non-small cell lung cancer are the main causes of oncological death and the oncological diseases with the highest incidence worldwide. With regard to clinical approaches for NSCLC, several advances have been achieved in diagnosis and treatment; the analysis of different molecular markers has led to the development of new targeted therapies that have improved the prognosis for selected patients. Despite this, most patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage, presenting a limited life expectancy with an ominous short-term prognosis. Numerous molecular alterations have been described in recent years, allowing for the development of therapies directed against specific therapeutic targets. The correct identification of the expression of different molecular markers has allowed for the individualization of treatment throughout the disease course, expanding the available therapeutic arsenal. The purpose of this article is to summarize the main characteristics of NSCLC and the advances that have occurred in the use of targeted therapies, thus explaining the limitations that have been observed in the management of this disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune-Mediated Diseases)

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