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Ocean Engineering and Oceanography for Carbon Neutralization
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Ocean Engineering and Oceanography for Carbon Neutralization

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Oceanography".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2022) | Viewed by 18320

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Weidong Zhai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
Interests: marine biogeochemistry; carbonate chemistry; ocean acidification; air-sea CO2 flux; coastal eutrophication; ocean deoxygenation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Tie Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Rd. 800, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: marine engines; emissions control; low-carbon propulsion; energy flow management& optimization in ships; renewable energies; alternative fuels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jun Gong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
Interests: marine protists and fungi; protist–bacteria association; molecular microbial ecology; plankton ecology; sediment microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Shizhen Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
Interests: marine equipment; Fluid Power Transmission and Control; heave compensation; wave energy power generation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In order to minimize dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, we need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the middle of this century. Besides industrial efforts and tree planting, marine systems have great potential in carbon uptake and storage and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this Special Issue is to collect cutting-edge knowledge of marine science and engineering, as well as the technological reserve in the field of carbon neutralization. Original researches, literature reviews, mini-reviews, and perspectives are welcome. Relevant topics include, but not limited to, marine new energy, marine equipment, and marine engineering. New ideas and discussions towards carbon neutralization are especially welcome.

Prof. Dr. Weidong Zhai
Prof. Dr. Tie Li
Prof. Dr. Jun Gong
Prof. Dr. Shizhen Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Carbon neutralization
  • Carbon uptake
  • Carbon storage
  • Blue carbon
  • Marine energy
  • Wave energy
  • Renewable energy
  • Alternative fuel

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 4692 KiB  
Article
Factors Affecting Soil Organic Carbon Content between Natural and Reclaimed Sites in Rudong Coast, Jiangsu Province, China
by Peipei Yang, Zhou Hu and Qiang Shu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(12), 1453; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121453 - 18 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2620
Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of coastal soils in China have changed due to the development of reclaimed stretches of coastline, which has a significant impact on the dynamics of organic carbon (OC) in the soils. We evaluated changes in the physical and [...] Read more.
The physical and chemical properties of coastal soils in China have changed due to the development of reclaimed stretches of coastline, which has a significant impact on the dynamics of organic carbon (OC) in the soils. We evaluated changes in the physical and chemical properties of soils in both a natural area and a reclaimed area along the coast of Rudong County, China, as well as the effects that these changes had on the OC content of the soils. A partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was used to determine which factors are most important for driving changes in soil OC at four sites from each area. According to dominant vegetation types, there were significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties and OC content between the reclaimed area and natural coastal area. The mean grain size and pH increased gradually with depth, and values were highest in reclaimed areas. Mean total N (TN), P, and S, salinity, water content, and soil OC were highest in natural areas and decreased with depth. The PLSR model determined that TN, silt content, and sand content were the most important factors affecting soil OC in the reclaimed area, whereas TN, clay content, and water content were important factors affecting soil OC dynamics in the natural coastal areas. This study provides important reference data for correctly assessing the role and status of coastal areas in the global carbon cycle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Engineering and Oceanography for Carbon Neutralization)
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10 pages, 3318 KiB  
Article
Mooring Stability Study for Novel Wave Energy Converter Based on Regular Wave
by Zhongliang Meng, Yun Chen, Yanjun Liu and Yi Ding
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(10), 1095; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101095 - 07 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1445
Abstract
The mooring system not only plays a vital role in keeping wave energy generators floating stably, but also affects the success of engineering design. Combining wave force theory and the hydrological data obtained from the field measurements of a certain sea area in [...] Read more.
The mooring system not only plays a vital role in keeping wave energy generators floating stably, but also affects the success of engineering design. Combining wave force theory and the hydrological data obtained from the field measurements of a certain sea area in the Bohai Sea, the Stokes second-order wave theory was adopted to design the mooring system of a new type of power-generating device. At the same time, the study uses the Aqwa software to gather the dynamic data of a power-generating device in a real test, and then makes models and carries out regular wave tests so as to verify the viability of the mooring system and the stability of the whole power-generating device. All of this work will provide a theoretical basis for the manufacture of an engineering prototype and its reliable supply of power. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Engineering and Oceanography for Carbon Neutralization)
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16 pages, 4708 KiB  
Article
Research on Optimization and Verification of the Number of Stator Blades of kW Ammonia Working Medium Radial Flow Turbine in Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
by Yun Chen, Yanjun Liu, Wei Yang, Yiming Wang, Li Zhang and Yongpeng Wu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(8), 901; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080901 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1656
Abstract
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is one of the emerging industries of ocean energy and an important link in carbon neutrality. Turbine is a key component of ocean thermal energy conversion, which has an important impact on the performance and energy conversion efficiency [...] Read more.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is one of the emerging industries of ocean energy and an important link in carbon neutrality. Turbine is a key component of ocean thermal energy conversion, which has an important impact on the performance and energy conversion efficiency of the system. This paper fully considers the application characteristics of ocean thermal energy conversion and the state conversion characteristics of ammonia working fluid. Taking the 100 kW radial inflow turbine in the OTEC application system as an example, based on the design, the turbine is optimized for the key parameters of the turbine stator and the influence of different geometric parameters is analyzed. Subsequently, the optimization results are verified by CFD numerical simulation analysis under different conditions. The results show that the number of stator blades has an important influence on the performance of the turbine. Further optimization studies have shown that through optimization, when the number of stator blades is 33, the internal flow field performance is the best, and the working conditions of the inlet and outlet working fluids are in accordance with the design points without obvious shock wave and reverse flow phenomenon, the efficiency is 89.46%, 3.94% higher than the design value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Engineering and Oceanography for Carbon Neutralization)
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32 pages, 14907 KiB  
Article
Design of Cost-Effective and Emission-Aware Power Plant System for Integrated Electric Propulsion Ships
by Chalermkiat Nuchturee, Tie Li and Hongpu Xia
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(7), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070684 - 22 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1900
Abstract
Extensive electrification of ship power systems appears to be a promising measure to meet stringent environmental requirements. The concept is to enable ship power management to allocate loads in response to load variations in an optimal manner. From a broader design perspective, the [...] Read more.
Extensive electrification of ship power systems appears to be a promising measure to meet stringent environmental requirements. The concept is to enable ship power management to allocate loads in response to load variations in an optimal manner. From a broader design perspective, the reliability of machinery operation is also of importance, especially with regard to the failure cost from power outages. In this paper, an approach for determining optimal power plants based on economic and environmental perspectives across several architecture choices is proposed. The design procedure involves the implementation of metaheuristic optimization to minimize fuel consumption and emissions released, while maintenance and repair services can be extracted using reliability assessment tools. The simulation results demonstrated that ship power management using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) was able to reduce fuel consumption and corresponding emissions in a range from 4.04–8.86%, varying with the profiles, by eliminating inefficient working generators and distributing loads for the rest to the nearest possible energy-saving areas. There was also a trade-off between maintenance service and overall system expenses. Finally, a compromise solution was sought with the proposed holistic design for contradictory cost components by taking into account fuel operation consumption, shore electricity supply, maintenance service and investment expenditure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Engineering and Oceanography for Carbon Neutralization)
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18 pages, 4869 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Performance Analysis of a Radial-Inflow Turbine for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion System
by Yun Chen, Yanjun Liu, Li Zhang and Xiaowei Yang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(3), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030287 - 05 Mar 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2108
Abstract
Turbine is one of the key components of the ocean thermal energy conversion system (OTEC), and its aerodynamic performance and geometric dimension affect the performance of the system directly. This paper proposes a design method for the radial inflow turbine suitable for the [...] Read more.
Turbine is one of the key components of the ocean thermal energy conversion system (OTEC), and its aerodynamic performance and geometric dimension affect the performance of the system directly. This paper proposes a design method for the radial inflow turbine suitable for the ocean thermal energy conversion based on the parameter optimization of the ocean thermal energy conversion system. Aiming at the application characteristics of marine thermal energy conversion in a small temperature difference environment and the special thermophysical properties of the organic working fluid in this environment, one-dimensional design and three-dimensional CFD analysis of the turbine is separately done, of which the results were compared. At the same time, the performance of the turbine was verified by changing the inlet and outlet conditions of the radial turbine under the design conditions. The conclusion is that the three-dimensional CFD results of the turbine are in good agreement with the one-dimensional design, and the internal flow field of the turbine is stable, without obvious backflow and eddy current, which meets the application requirements of the ocean thermal energy conversion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Engineering and Oceanography for Carbon Neutralization)
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21 pages, 5197 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Model Identification of Ships and Wave Energy Converters Based on Semi-Conjugate Linear Regression and Noisy Input Gaussian Process
by Yanjun Liu, Yifan Xue, Shuting Huang, Gang Xue and Qianfeng Jing
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(2), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020194 - 12 Feb 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2506
Abstract
Reducing the carbon emissions of ships and increasing the utilization of marine renewable energy are the important ways to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in ocean engineering. Establishing an accurate mathematical model is the foundation of simulating the motion of marine vehicles [...] Read more.
Reducing the carbon emissions of ships and increasing the utilization of marine renewable energy are the important ways to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in ocean engineering. Establishing an accurate mathematical model is the foundation of simulating the motion of marine vehicles and structures, and it is the basis of operation energy efficiency optimization and prediction of power generation. System identification from observed input–output data is a practical and powerful method. However, for modeling objects with different characteristics and known information, a single modeling framework can hardly meet the requirements of model establishment. Moreover, there are some challenges in system identification, such as parameter drift and overfitting. In this work, three robust methods are proposed for generating ocean hydrodynamic models based on Bayesian regression. Two Bayesian techniques, semi-conjugate linear regression and noisy input Gaussian process regression are used for parametric and nonparametric gray-box modeling and black-box modeling. The experimental free-running tests of the KRISO very large crude oil carrier (KVLCC2) ship model and a multi-freedom wave energy converter (WEC) are used to validate the proposed Bayesian models. The results demonstrate that the proposed schemes for system identification of the ship and WEC have good generalization ability and robustness. Finally, the developed modeling methods are evaluated considering the aspects required conditions, operating characteristics, and prediction accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Engineering and Oceanography for Carbon Neutralization)
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Review

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26 pages, 4401 KiB  
Review
Structures in Shallow Marine Sediments Associated with Gas and Fluid Migration
by Gongzheng Ma, Linsen Zhan, Hailong Lu and Guiting Hou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(4), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040396 - 08 Apr 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4610
Abstract
Geological structure changes, including deformations and ruptures, developed in shallow marine sediments are well recognized but were not systematically reviewed in previous studies. These structures, generally developed at a depth less than 1000 m below seafloor, are considered to play a significant role [...] Read more.
Geological structure changes, including deformations and ruptures, developed in shallow marine sediments are well recognized but were not systematically reviewed in previous studies. These structures, generally developed at a depth less than 1000 m below seafloor, are considered to play a significant role in the migration, accumulation, and emission of hydrocarbon gases and fluids, and the formation of gas hydrates, and they are also taken as critical factors affecting carbon balance in the marine environment. In this review, these structures in shallow marine sediments are classified into overpressure-associated structures, diapir structures and sediment ruptures based on their geometric characteristics and formation mechanisms. Seepages, pockmarks and gas pipes are the structures associated with overpressure, which are generally induced by gas/fluid pressure changes related to gas and/or fluid accumulation, migration and emission. The mud diapir and salt diapir are diapir structures driven by gravity slides, gravity spread and differential compaction. Landslides, polygonal faults and tectonic faults are sediment ruptures, which are developed by gravity, compaction forces and tectonic forces, respectively. Their formation mechanisms can be attributed to sediment diagenesis, compaction and tectonic activities. The relationships between the different structures, between structures and gas hydrates and between structures and authigenic carbonate are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Engineering and Oceanography for Carbon Neutralization)
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