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Updates on Microbiome and Retina Disease
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Updates on Microbiome and Retina Disease

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 5434

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Asadolah Movahedan

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Guest Editor
Texas Medical Center, UT Health, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Vitreoretinal Surgery Service, University of Texas Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Interests: retinal disease; surgical management of complex retinal detachments; proliferative vitreoretinpathy; age related macular degeneration; diabetic retinopathy; microbiome; retinal vascular disease
Dr. Dimitra Skondra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Interests: age-related macular degeneration; diabetic retinopathy; central serous retinopathy; choroidal melanoma; retinoblastoma; retinal detachment; proliferative vitreoretinopathy; retinopathy of prematurity; posterior uveitis; inherited retinal diseases; macular hole; epiretinal membrane; retinal vein occlusion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the past two decades, investigators have explored the effects of the gastrointestinal microbiota in health and disease. There is a growing body of evidence on relationships between the microbiome and eye disease. Several researchers have found associations between the dysregulation of microbiota and a variety of ocular conditions ranging from autoimmune uveitis to diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. I believe this topic has become more relevant than ever because characterizing the ways these microbiotas influence ophthalmic homeostasis and pathogenesis may lead to research on new techniques for managing ophthalmic disease. In this Special Issue we invite authors to submit their works on the role of microbiome on the pathogenesis of retinal disease and technological advancements to find new diagnostic and treatment approaches for these conditions.

Dr. Asadolah Movahedan
Dr. Dimitra Skondra
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiome
  • retina
  • pathogenesis
  • treatment
  • diagnosis

Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 2148 KiB  
Article
Sustained ACE2 Expression by Probiotic Improves Integrity of Intestinal Lymphatics and Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetic Model
by Ram Prasad, Yvonne Adu-Agyeiwaah, Jason L. Floyd, Bright Asare-Bediako, Sergio Li Calzi, Dibyendu Chakraborty, Angela Harbour, Aayush Rohella, Julia V. Busik, Qiuhong Li and Maria B. Grant
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(5), 1771; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051771 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2345
Abstract
Intestinal lymphatic, known as lacteal, plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis by regulating several key functions, including the absorption of dietary lipids, immune cell trafficking, and interstitial fluid balance in the gut. The absorption of dietary lipids relies on lacteal integrity, [...] Read more.
Intestinal lymphatic, known as lacteal, plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis by regulating several key functions, including the absorption of dietary lipids, immune cell trafficking, and interstitial fluid balance in the gut. The absorption of dietary lipids relies on lacteal integrity, mediated by button-like and zipper-like junctions. Although the intestinal lymphatic system is well studied in many diseases, including obesity, the contribution of lacteals to the gut–retinal axis in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has not been examined. Previously, we showed that diabetes induces a reduction in intestinal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), leading to gut barrier disruption. However, when ACE2 levels are maintained, a preservation of gut barrier integrity occurs, resulting in less systemic inflammation and a reduction in endothelial cell permeability, ultimately retarding the development of diabetic complications, such as diabetic retinopathy. Here, we examined the impact of T1D on intestinal lymphatics and circulating lipids and tested the impact of intervention with ACE-2-expressing probiotics on key aspects of gut and retinal function. Akita mice with 6 months of diabetes were orally gavaged LP-ACE2 (3x/week for 3 months), an engineered probiotic (Lactobacillus paracasei; LP) expressing human ACE2. After three months, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate intestinal lymphatics, gut epithelial, and endothelial barrier integrity. Retinal function was assessed using visual acuity, electroretinograms, and enumeration of acellular capillaries. LP-ACE2 significantly restored intestinal lacteal integrity as assessed by the increased expression of lymphatic vessel hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1) expression in LP-ACE2-treated Akita mice. This was accompanied by improved gut epithelial (Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), p120-catenin) and endothelial (plasmalemma vesicular protein -1 (PLVAP1)) barrier integrity. In Akita mice, the LP-ACE2 treatment reduced plasma levels of LDL cholesterol and increased the expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 (ABCG1) in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE), the population of cells responsible for lipid transport from the systemic circulation into the retina. LP-ACE2 also corrected blood–retinal barrier (BRB) dysfunction in the neural retina, as observed by increased ZO-1 and decreased VCAM-1 expression compared to untreated mice. LP-ACE2-treated Akita mice exhibit significantly decreased numbers of acellular capillaries in the retina. Our study supports the beneficial role of LP-ACE2 in the restoration of intestinal lacteal integrity, which plays a key role in gut barrier integrity and systemic lipid metabolism and decreased diabetic retinopathy severity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Microbiome and Retina Disease)
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10 pages, 1318 KiB  
Perspective
Retinopathy of Prematurity in the 21st Century and the Complex Impact of Supplemental Oxygen
by Sarah H. Rodriguez, Anna L. Ells, Michael P. Blair, Parag K. Shah, C. Armitage Harper 3rd, Maria Ana Martinez-Castellanos, S. Grace Prakalapakorn, Erima Denis, Rebecca C. Lusobya, Mark J. Greenwald, Sherwin J. Isenberg, Scott R. Lambert, Yvonne E. Vaucher, Ann Carroll and Lucy Namakula
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 1228; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031228 - 03 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2556
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness. Not only do the epidemiologic determinants and distributions of patients with ROP vary worldwide, but clinical differences have also been described. The Third Edition of the International Classification of ROP (ICROP3) acknowledges [...] Read more.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness. Not only do the epidemiologic determinants and distributions of patients with ROP vary worldwide, but clinical differences have also been described. The Third Edition of the International Classification of ROP (ICROP3) acknowledges that aggressive ROP (AROP) can occur in larger preterm infants and involve areas of the more anterior retina, particularly in low-resource settings with unmonitored oxygen supplementation. As sub-specialty training programs are underway to address an epidemic of ROP in sub-Saharan Africa, recognizing characteristic retinal pathology in preterm infants exposed to unmonitored supplemental oxygen is important to proper diagnosis and treatment. This paper describes specific features associated with various ROP presentations: oxygen-induced retinopathy in animal models, traditional ROP seen in high-income countries with modern oxygen management, and ROP related to excessive oxygen supplementation in low- and middle-income countries: oxygen-associated ROP (OA-ROP). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Updates on Microbiome and Retina Disease)
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