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The Role of Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease: A...
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The Role of Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease: A Clinical Update

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Gastroenterology & Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 14259

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Faming Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Vice Dean, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
2. Director, Intestinal Diseases Center at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
3. Division of Microbiotherapy, Sir Run Run Hospital at Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Interests: radiation colitis; inflammatory bowel disease; digestive system endoscopy; microbiota; Anus Diseases; malnutrition; transendoscopic enteral tubing; washed microbiota transplantation
Dr. Gianluca Ianiro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Gastroenterologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: gastrointestinal endoscopy; gastrointestinal diseases; gut microbiota; fecal microbiota transplantation; celiac diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emerging reports have shown the promising future of the gut microbiome for dysbiosis-related diseases in and beyond the gut. Dysbiosis-related diseases include acute infections, chronic inflammation, and chronic low-grade inflammation. The accumulated research findings have attracted great attention from physicians, concerning, for example, microbial diagnosis, fecal microbiota transplantation, transendoscopic enteral tubing, novel probiotics, and dietary requirements in children and adults. In this Special Issue, we welcome author submissions of papers regarding the innovations and advances in microbial diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice and translational research, including (but not limited to) fecal microbiota transplantation, the delivery of microbial treatments, any potential treatments targeting gut microbiota, and microbial-based diagnosis.

Prof. Dr. Faming Zhang
Dr. Gianluca Ianiro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fecal microbiota transplantation
  • microbiome
  • probiotics
  • prebiotics
  • dysbiosis-related disease
  • nutrition
  • diet

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 1647 KiB  
Article
The Efficacy and Safety of Single-Strain Probiotic Formulations Containing Bifidobacterium lactis or Bacillus coagulans in Adult Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome—A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Three-Arm Interventional Trial
by Barbara Skrzydło-Radomańska, Beata Prozorow-Król, Anetta Kurzeja-Mirosław, Halina Cichoż-Lach, Katarzyna Laskowska, Emilia Majsiak, Joanna B. Bierła, Sowińska Agnieszka and Bożena Cukrowska
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(14), 4838; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12144838 - 22 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2701
Abstract
Probiotics offer a potential new therapeutic approach for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but current results are still controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of single-strain probiotic formulations in adult IBS patients and to compare the effects [...] Read more.
Probiotics offer a potential new therapeutic approach for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but current results are still controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of single-strain probiotic formulations in adult IBS patients and to compare the effects of Bifidobacterium lactis NORDBIOTIC™ BI040 (DSM 33812/34614) and Bacillus coagulans NORDBIOTIC™ BC300 (DSM 33836) in a prospective three-arm interventional randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. The study included 123 IBS subjects diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria. The primary outcomes were changes in symptom severity and symptom improvement as assessed using the IBS Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS) after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of intervention and after 4 weeks of follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the assessment of individual IBS symptoms and the occurrence of adverse events. During the 12-week intervention, IBS-SSS scores significantly decreased (p-values < 0.001) in the study groups but differences between the interventional and placebo groups did not reach statistical significance. However, at the 16th week of follow-up, a significant improvement in the total IBS-SSS score in comparison to the placebo group (20.5%) was found in 43.8% and 52.9% of the Bifidobacterium lactis (p = 0.038, OR 3.0, [95% CI 1.1–8.6]) and the Bacillus coagulans (p = 0.005, OR 4.6 [95% CI 1.5–12.2]) groups, respectively. Bifidobacterium lactis had a beneficial effect on the intensity and frequency of pain, whereas Bacillus coagulans decreased the bowel dissatisfaction. Both strains increased the percentage of patients with normal stool consistency, but only Bifidobacterium lactis induced a decrease in the number of patients with constipation after 6 weeks of supplementation. Both probiotic strains were well tolerated, without differences in the occurrence of adverse events between groups. In conclusion, single-strain supplementation was safe and efficient in IBS patients but showed a different range of effects. Bifidobacterium lactis BI040 primarily reduced the frequency and intensity of pain, while Bacillus coagulans BC300 increased bowel satisfaction [ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05064930]. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease: A Clinical Update)
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Graphical abstract

10 pages, 5646 KiB  
Article
CO2 Is Beneficial to Gut Microbiota Homeostasis during Colonoscopy: Randomized Controlled Trial
by Xue Yang, Wen-Bo Xiu, Jin-Xia Wang, Liang-Ping Li, Chong He and Cai-Ping Gao
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(18), 5281; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11185281 - 07 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1541
Abstract
Background: Many studies have reported minor complications and disturbance of the gut microbiota after colonoscopy. Compared with air, carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation could decrease minor complications, but its impact on gut microbiota remains unknown. Methods: Thirty-eight healthy subjects were assessed and [...] Read more.
Background: Many studies have reported minor complications and disturbance of the gut microbiota after colonoscopy. Compared with air, carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation could decrease minor complications, but its impact on gut microbiota remains unknown. Methods: Thirty-eight healthy subjects were assessed and twenty were randomized to receive either CO2 or air insufflation during colonoscopy. Neither the participants nor the staff involved in the follow-up knew which gas was used. Minor complications were assessed using symptom scores. Fecal samples were collected at eight time-points for microbiome analysis by full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. The recovery of minor complications after colonoscopy was faster in the CO2 group (the day of the colonoscopy) than in the air group (the day after the colonoscopy). There was no significant reduction in alpha diversity (species richness) of the first stool after colonoscopy in the CO2 group (115.0 ± 32.81 vs. 97.4 ± 42.31, p = 0.28) compared with the air group (123.8 ± 37.25 vs. 84.8 ± 31.67, p = 0.04). However, there were no differences in beta diversity between the groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis indicated that anaerobic probiotics such as Bacteroides caccae, Bacteroides finegoldii and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were more abundant in the CO2 group than in the air group within 14 days after colonoscopy. On the contrary, the content of Escherichiacoli, Ruminococcus torques and Ruminococcus guavus was higher in the air group. Conclusions: CO2 is beneficial to gut microbiota homeostasis during colonoscopy in healthy subjects. The effects in patients with different diseases need to be further studied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease: A Clinical Update)
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Review

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14 pages, 3715 KiB  
Review
Colonic Transendoscopic Enteral Tubing Is a New Pathway to Microbial Therapy, Colonic Drainage, and Host–Microbiota Interaction Research
by Weihong Wang, Gaochen Lu, Xia Wu, Quan Wen and Faming Zhang
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030780 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2716
Abstract
The limitation of traditional delivery methods for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) gave birth to colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) to address the requirement of frequent FMTs. Colonic TET as a novel endoscopic intervention has received increasing attention in practice since 2015 in China. [...] Read more.
The limitation of traditional delivery methods for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) gave birth to colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) to address the requirement of frequent FMTs. Colonic TET as a novel endoscopic intervention has received increasing attention in practice since 2015 in China. Emerging studies from multiple centers indicate that colonic TET is a promising, safe, and practical delivery method for microbial therapy and administering medication with high patient satisfaction. Intriguingly, colonic TET has been used to rescue endoscopy-related perforations by draining colonic air and fluid through the TET tube. Recent research based on collecting ileocecal samples through a TET tube has contributed to demonstrating community dynamics in the intestine, and it is expected to be a novel delivery of proof-of-concept in host–microbiota interactions and pharmacological research. The present article aims to review the concept and techniques of TET and to explore microbial therapy, colonic drainage, and microbial research based on colonic TET. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease: A Clinical Update)
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Other

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17 pages, 1074 KiB  
Systematic Review
Gut Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Composition to Modulation towards Better Outcomes—A Systematic Review
by Luminita Voroneanu, Alexandru Burlacu, Crischentian Brinza, Andreea Covic, Gheorghe G. Balan, Ionut Nistor, Cristina Popa, Simona Hogas and Adrian Covic
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(5), 1948; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051948 - 01 Mar 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2919
Abstract
Background: A bidirectional kidney–gut axis was described in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). On the one hand, gut dysbiosis could promote CKD progression, but on the other hand, studies reported specific gut microbiota alterations linked to CKD. Therefore, we aimed to systematically [...] Read more.
Background: A bidirectional kidney–gut axis was described in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). On the one hand, gut dysbiosis could promote CKD progression, but on the other hand, studies reported specific gut microbiota alterations linked to CKD. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the literature on gut microbiota composition in CKD patients, including those with advanced CKD stages and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), possibilities to shift gut microbiota, and its impact on clinical outcomes. Materials and methods: We performed a literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases to find eligible studies using pre-specified keywords. Additionally, key inclusion and exclusion criteria were pre-defined to guide the eligibility assessment. Results: We retrieved 69 eligible studies which met all inclusion criteria and were analyzed in the present systematic review. Microbiota diversity was decreased in CKD patients as compared to healthy individuals. Ruminococcus and Roseburia had good power to discriminate between CKD patients and healthy controls (AUC = 0.771 and AUC = 0.803, respectively). Roseburia abundance was consistently decreased in CKD patients, especially in those with ESKD (p < 0.001). A model based on 25 microbiota dissimilarities had an excellent predictive power for diabetic nephropathy (AUC = 0.972). Several microbiota patterns were observed in deceased ESKD patients as compared to the survivor group (increased Lactobacillus, Yersinia, and decreased Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium levels). Additionally, gut dysbiosis was associated with peritonitis and enhanced inflammatory activity. In addition, some studies documented a beneficial effect on gut flora composition attributed to synbiotic and probiotic therapies. Large randomized clinical trials are required to investigate the impact of different microbiota modulation strategies on gut microflora composition and subsequent clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Patients with CKD had an altered gut microbiome profile, even at early disease stages. Different abundance at genera and species levels could be used in clinical models to discriminate between healthy individuals and patients with CKD. ESKD patients with an increased mortality risk could be identified through gut microbiota analysis. Modulation therapy studies are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease: A Clinical Update)
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11 pages, 316 KiB  
Study Protocol
Effects of Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate, Probiotics and Short Chain Fructooligosaccharides in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Study Protocol of a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
by Anita Gąsiorowska, Marek Romanowski, Ewa Walecka-Kapica, Aleksandra Kaczka, Cezary Chojnacki, Milena Padysz, Marta Siedlecka, Joanna B. Bierła, Robert E. Steinert and Bożena Cukrowska
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(21), 6587; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216587 - 07 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3697
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disease in the pathogenesis of which gut dysbiosis may play an important role. Thus, probiotics, prebiotics, or microbiota metabolites, such as butyric acid, are considered to be effective therapy for IBS. However, there are still [...] Read more.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disease in the pathogenesis of which gut dysbiosis may play an important role. Thus, probiotics, prebiotics, or microbiota metabolites, such as butyric acid, are considered to be effective therapy for IBS. However, there are still no trials presenting the efficacy of these three biotic components administered simultaneously. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the product comprising sodium butyrate, probiotics, and short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) on the severity of clinical IBS symptoms and the quality of life (IBS-QOL). This is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted in 120 adults with IBS diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria. The intervention group (n = 60) will receive a mixture of the following components: 300 mg of colon-targeted microencapsulated sodium butyrate combined with probiotic Lactobacillus strains (L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus) and Bifidobacterium strains (B. longum, B. bifidum, B. lactis), and 64 mg of prebiotic scFOS. The control group (n = 60) will receive a placebo (maltodextrin). The primary outcomes will be changes in IBS symptoms with the use of the IBS-Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS), IBS-Global Improvement Scale (IBS-GIS), IBS-Adequate Relief (IBS-AR), and IBS-QOL after 12 weeks of intervention. The secondary outcomes will be the type of stools, patient-recorded symptoms, adverse events, anthropometric and nutritional parameters, and inflammatory cytokine levels. The findings will provide the first evidence of the use of a combination of three biotic compounds in IBS. The study was registered in the clinicaltrials.gov registry under the number NCT05013060. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease: A Clinical Update)
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