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Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Replacement: The Latest Advances and...
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Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Replacement: The Latest Advances and Prospects

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 1093

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Konstantinos Toutouzas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
First Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
Interests: structural heart disease; mitral and aortic valvuloplasty; transcatheter aortic valve implantations; intravascular imaging; percutaneous coronary interventions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am currently serving as Guest Editor for the Special Issue “Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Latest Advances and Future Prospects”, which will be published in Journal of Clinical Medicine. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has gained ground in the two last decades, and its indications have been expanded to lower-risk and younger patients suffering from aortic valve stenosis. Newer prostheses and improved techniques have a positive impact on patients’ life expectancy and quality of life. The aim of this Special Issue is to present the recent advances and future directions of aortic stenosis management with TAVI.

Prof. Dr. Konstantinos Toutouzas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • TAVI
  • TAVR
  • aortic stenosis
  • transcatheter aortic valve implantation
  • structural heart disease

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 4475 KiB  
Article
Quantification of Aortic Valve Calcification in Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography
by Danai Laohachewin, Philipp Ruile, Philipp Breitbart, Jan Minners, Nikolaus Jander, Martin Soschynski, Christopher L. Schlett, Franz-Josef Neumann, Dirk Westermann and Manuel Hein
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(8), 2386; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082386 - 19 Apr 2024
Viewed by 317
Abstract
Background: The goal of our study is to evaluate a method to quantify aortic valve calcification (AVC) in contrast-enhanced computed tomography for patients with suspected severe aortic stenosis pre-interventionally. Methods: A total of sixty-five patients with aortic stenosis underwent both a [...] Read more.
Background: The goal of our study is to evaluate a method to quantify aortic valve calcification (AVC) in contrast-enhanced computed tomography for patients with suspected severe aortic stenosis pre-interventionally. Methods: A total of sixty-five patients with aortic stenosis underwent both a native and a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of the aortic valve (45 in the training cohort and 20 in the validation cohort) using a standardized protocol. Aortic valve calcification was semi-automatically quantified via the Agatston score method for the native scans and was used as a reference. For contrast-enhanced computed tomography, a calcium threshold of the Hounsfield units of the aorta plus four times the standard deviation was used. Results: For the quantification of aortic valve calcification in contrast-enhanced computed tomography, a conversion formula (691 + 1.83 x AVCCECT) was derived via a linear regression model in the training cohort. The validation in the second cohort showed high agreement for this conversion formula with no significant proportional bias (Bland–Altman, p = 0.055) and with an intraclass correlation coefficient in the validation cohort of 0.915 (confidence interval 95% 0.786–0.966) p < 0.001. Conclusions: Calcium scoring in patients with aortic valve stenosis can be performed using contrast-enhanced computed tomography with high validity. Using a conversion factor led to an excellent agreement, thereby obviating an additional native computed tomography scan. This might contribute to a decrease in radiation exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Replacement: The Latest Advances and Prospects)
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17 pages, 1812 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Outcomes of Aortic Stenosis Patients with Different Flow/Gradient Patterns Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
by George Oikonomou, Anastasios Apostolos, Maria Drakopoulou, Chryssavgi Simopoulou, Maria Karmpalioti, Pantelis Toskas, Konstantinos Stathogiannis, Maria Xanthopoulou, Nikolaos Ktenopoulos, George Latsios, Andreas Synetos, Constantinos Tsioufis and Konstantinos Toutouzas
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(5), 1200; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051200 - 20 Feb 2024
Viewed by 508
Abstract
Background: Few data exist on the comparative long-term outcomes of severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients with different flow-gradient patterns undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This study sought to evaluate the impact of the pre-TAVI flow-gradient pattern on long-term clinical outcomes after TAVI [...] Read more.
Background: Few data exist on the comparative long-term outcomes of severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients with different flow-gradient patterns undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This study sought to evaluate the impact of the pre-TAVI flow-gradient pattern on long-term clinical outcomes after TAVI and assess changes in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of different subtypes of AS patients following TAVI. Methods: Consecutive patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI in our institution were screened and prospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into four subgroups according to pre-TAVI flow/gradient pattern: (i) low flow—low gradient (LF-LG): stroke volume indexed (SVi) ≤ 35 mL/m2 and mean gradient (MG) < 40 mmHg); (ii) normal flow—low gradient (NF-LG): SVi > 35 mL/m2 and MG < 40 mmHg; (iii) low flow—high gradient (LF-HG): Svi 35 mL/m2 and MG ≥ 40 mmHg and (iv) normal flow—high gradient (NF-HG): SVi > 35 mL/m2 and MG ≥ 40 mmHg. Transthoracic echocardiography was repeated at 1-year follow-up. Clinical follow-up was obtained at 12 months, and yearly thereafter until 5-year follow-up was complete for all patients. Results: A total of 272 patients with complete echocardiographic and clinical follow-up were included in our analysis. Their mean age was 80 ± 7 years and the majority of patients (N = 138, 50.8%) were women. 62 patients (22.8% of the study population) were distributed in the LF-LG group, 98 patients (36%) were LF-HG patients, 95 patients (34.9%) were NF-HG, and 17 patients (6.3%) were NF-LG. There was a greater prevalence of comorbidities among LF-LG AS patients. One-year all-cause mortality differed significantly between the four subgroups of AS patients (log-rank p: 0.022) and was more prevalent among LF-LG patients (25.8%) compared to LF-HG (11.3%), NF-HG (6.3%) and NF-LG patients (18.8%). At 5-year follow-up, global mortality remained persistently higher among LF-LG patients (64.5%) compared to LF-HG (47.9%), NF-HG (42.9%), and NF-LG patients (58.8%) (log-rank p: 0.029). At multivariable Cox hazard regression analysis, baseline SVi (HR: 0.951, 95% C.I.; 0.918–0.984), the presence of at least moderate tricuspid regurgitation at baseline (HR: 3.091, 95% C.I: 1.645–5.809) and at least moderate paravalvular leak (PVL) post-TAVI (HR: 1.456, 95% C.I.: 1.106–1.792) were significant independent predictors of late global mortality. LF-LG patients and LF-HG patients exhibited a significant increase in LVEF at 1-year follow-up. A lower LVEF (p < 0.001) and a lower Svi (p < 0.001) at baseline were associated with LVEF improvement at 1-year. Conclusions: Patients with LF-LG AS have acceptable 1-year outcomes with significant improvement in LVEF at 1-year follow-up, but exhibit exceedingly high 5-year mortality following TAVI. The presence of low transvalvular flow and at least moderate tricuspid regurgitation at baseline and significant paravalvular leak post-TAVI were associated with poorer long-term outcomes in the entire cohort of AS patients. The presence of a low LVEF or a low SVi predicts LVEF improvement at 1-year. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Replacement: The Latest Advances and Prospects)
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