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Clinical Management and Epidemiology of HIV and Hepatitis Virus Co-infected Patients

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 August 2021) | Viewed by 9952

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Antonio Rivero

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Guest Editor

1. Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
2. Clinical Virology and Zoonoses research group, Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
Interests: infectious diseases; HIV; hepatotropic viruses; zoonoses; emergence pathogens and tuberculosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

People living with HIV are at a higher risk of contracting hepatotropic viruses, as these microorganisms share the same transmission route as HIV. As such, there are populations with high rates of HIV and hepatotropic virus co-infections, such as men who have sex with men and Hepatitis A (HAV) or Hepatitis C (HCV), or parenteral drugs users and Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis delta (HDV), and HCV. In addition to this high prevalence, HIV individuals are at a higher risk of not only developing liver disease but also experiencing an accelerated downturn with a consequently worst prognosis (HAV, HBV or HCV), while those with a lower rate of spontaneous or self-limiting acute hepatitis are at a higher risk of developing chronic hepatitis, including self-limiting hepatitis, such as Hepatitis E virus (HEV). Furthermore, treatment combinations and regimens, clinical management, and prevention strategies for hepatitis viruses differ between HIV co-infected and uninfected individuals. For all these reasons, liver-related diseases have been identified as the main cause of death among people living with HIV.

In this Special Issue, we will examine recent innovations and advancements in the management of hepatitis viruses in people living with HIV, especially those related with therapy, prevention, and care. Moreover, we will address the best practices for hepatitis virus elimination in this population and changes in epidemiology and transmission worldwide, with the aim to recognize the progress toward viral hepatitis elimination by 2030, a goal established by the World Health Organization.

Dr. Antonio Rivero
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

hepatitis A
hepatitis B
hepatitis C
hepatitis D
hepatitis E
epidemiology
prevention
treatment

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3174 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differences in Sleep Disorders between HIV-Infected Persons and Matched Controls with Sleep Problems: A Matched-Cohort Study Based on Laboratory and Survey Data

by Yen-Chin Chen, Chang-Chun Chen, Patrick J. Strollo, Jr., Chung-Yi Li, Wen-Chien Ko, Cheng-Yu Lin and Nai-Ying Ko

J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(21), 5206; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215206 - 08 Nov 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2021

Abstract

Objectives: Sleep disturbances are prevalent problems among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. The recognition of comorbid sleep disorders in patients with HIV is currently hampered by limited knowledge of sleep-related symptoms, sleep architecture, and types of sleep disorders in this population. We aimed to compare the differences in sleep-related symptoms and polysomnography-based sleep disorders between HIV-infected persons and controls. Methods: The study evaluated 170 men with a Pittsburgh sleep quality index scores greater than 5, including 44 HIV-infected men and 126 male controls who were frequency-matched by sex, age (±3.0 years) and BMI (±3.0 kg/m²). For all participants, an overnight sleep study using a Somte V1 monitor was conducted. Differences in sleep-related symptoms and sleep disorders between HIV-infected patients and controls were examined using t-tests or chi-square tests. Results: HIV-infected persons with sleep disturbances more often had psychological disturbances (72.7% vs. 40.5%, p < 0.001) and suspected rapid eye movement behavior disorder (25.0% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.01) than controls. Sleep-disordered breathing was less common in HIV-infected persons than in controls (56.8% vs. 87.3%, p < 0.001). The mean percentage of rapid eye movement sleep was higher among HIV-infected patients than among controls (20.6% vs. 16.6%, p < 0.001). Nocturia was more common in HIV-infected persons than in controls (40.9% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Psychological disturbances and sleep-disordered breathing can be possible explanations of sleep disturbances in HIV-infected persons in whom sleep-disordered breathing is notable. Further studies are warranted to examine the underlying factors of rapid eye movement behavior disorder among HIV-infected persons with sleep disturbances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management and Epidemiology of HIV and Hepatitis Virus Co-infected Patients)

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13 pages, 644 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Relevance of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in HIV/HCV Coinfected and HCV Monoinfected Patients Treated with Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy

by Daniele Lapa, Paola Del Porto, Claudia Minosse, Gianpiero D’Offizi, Andrea Antinori, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Ubaldo Visco-Comandini, Fiona McPhee, Anna Rosa Garbuglia and Mauro Zaccarelli

J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(10), 2092; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102092 - 13 May 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2056

Abstract

Torque Teno virus (TTV) is a ubiquitous virus that causes chronic infection in humans with unknown clinical consequences. Here, we investigated the influence of TTV infection on HCV direct-acting antiviral (DAA) efficacy in HIV/HCV coinfected and HCV monoinfected patients as controls. Of 92 study patients, 79.3% were TTV DNA positive; untreated patients exhibited a significantly higher proportion of TTV DNA-positivity vs. sustained virological response (SVR) patients (100.0% vs. 65.2%, p < 0.001), while TTV positivity was not significant in DAA failure patients vs. SVR patients despite HIV/HCV coinfection. TTV DNA viral load was higher among HCV monoinfected patients vs. HIV/HCV coinfected, although marginally significant (p = 0.074) and no significant viral load difference was detected between DAA failures and SVR patients, while untreated vs. SVR patients had a significantly higher viral load (19,884, IQR 5977–333,534, vs. 469, IQR 10–4124, p = 0.004). Alpha-genogroup 3 TTV was the most prevalent genetic group, and no specific strain or genogroup was observed in relapser patients. Among HIV/HCV patients with HCV RNA detectable at end of treatment (EOT), TTV DNA was detected in 9/17 treatment responder patients and 3/5 relapser patients, thus, TTV infection does not appear to influence the control HCV viremia after EOT. Levels of IL-6 IL-4, and CD14 were not significantly different between TTV PCR-positive and -negative patients. These results suggest no association between TTV DNA positivity or viral load and HCV DAA failure whether patients were HIV/HCV coinfected or HCV monoinfected. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management and Epidemiology of HIV and Hepatitis Virus Co-infected Patients)

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18 pages, 1288 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hepatitis C Virus Influences HIV-1 Viral Splicing in Coinfected Patients

by Paula Martínez-Román, María Rosa López-Huertas, Celia Crespo-Bermejo, Sonia Arca-Lafuente, Isabel Cortegano, Daniel Valle-Millares, María Luisa Gaspar, Luz Martín-Carbonero, Lourdes Domínguez-Domínguez, Pablo Ryan, Ignacio de los Santos, Sara de la Fuente-Moral, Amanda Fernández-Rodríguez, Mayte Coiras and Verónica Briz

J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(7), 2091; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072091 - 03 Jul 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2596

Abstract

Coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) influences HIV reservoir size. However, it is unknown whether this coinfection also induces a higher provirus transcription. Viral transcription is promoted by synergy between cellular factors such as NF-κB and the viral regulator Tat. The impact of HCV coinfection on HIV provirus transcription was analyzed in resting (r)CD4 T+ cells (CD3+CD4+CD25-CD69-HLADR-) and rCD4 T cells-depleted PBMCs (rCD4 T- PBMCs) from a multicenter cross-sectional study of 115 cART-treated HIV patients: 42 HIV+/HCV+ coinfected individuals (HIV+/HCV+), 34 HIV+ patients with HCV spontaneous clearance (HIV+/HCV−) and 39 HIV patients (HIV+). Viral transcription was assessed in total RNA through the quantification of unspliced, single spliced, and multiple spliced viral mRNAs by qPCR. Linear correlations between viral reservoir size and viral splicing were determined. A 3-fold increase of multiple spliced transcripts in rCD4 T+ cells of HIV+/HCV+ patients was found compared to HIV+ individuals (p < 0.05). As Tat is synthesized by multiple splicing, the levels of Tat were also quantified in these patients. Significant differences in single and multiple spliced transcripts were also observed in rCD4 T- PBMCs. Levels of multiple spliced mRNAs were increased in rCD4 T+ cells isolated from HIV+/HCV+ subjects, which could indicate a higher Tat activity in these cells despite their resting state. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management and Epidemiology of HIV and Hepatitis Virus Co-infected Patients)

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Review

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13 pages, 303 KiB

Open AccessReview

Impact of Advanced HIV Disease on Quality of Life and Mortality in the Era of Combined Antiretroviral Treatment

by Julia Portilla-Tamarit, Sergio Reus, Irene Portilla, María José Fuster Ruiz-de-Apodaca and Joaquín Portilla

J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(4), 716; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040716 - 11 Feb 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2520

Abstract

Currently, AIDS or severe immunodeficiency remains as a challenge for people with HIV (PWHIV) and healthcare providers. Our purpose was to analyze the impact of advanced HIV disease (AHD) on mortality, life expectancy and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We reviewed cohort studies and meta-analyses conducted in middle- and high-income countries. To analyze HRQoL, we selected studies that reported overall health and/or physical/mental health scores on a validated HRQoL instrument. AIDS diagnosis supposes a higher risk of mortality during the first six months, remaining higher for 48 months. It has been reported that cancer and cardiovascular disease persist as frequent causes of mortality in PWHIV, especially those with previous or current AHD. PWHIV who initiate combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with CD4 < 200 cells/µL have significantly lower estimated life expectancy than those with higher counts. AHD is associated with lower HRQoL, and a worse physical health or mental health status. AIDS and non-AIDS defining events are significant predictors of a lower HRQoL, especially physical health status. AHD survivors are in risk of mortality and serious comorbidities, needing special clinical attention and preventive programs for associated comorbidities. Their specific needs should be reflected in HIV guidelines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management and Epidemiology of HIV and Hepatitis Virus Co-infected Patients)

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