Drug Exposure: The Effects of Alcohol, Nicotine, Cannabis, and Other Illicit Drugs

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2021) | Viewed by 5363

Special Issue Editor


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Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
Interests: food supplements; herbal medicine; pain; inflammation; physical activity; sport

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Illicit drugs are defined as a class of substances that either stimulate or inhibit the central nervous system, while also provoking psychotomimetic effects. Generally, this term refers to opioids, cocaine, cannabis, amphetamine-type substances, and ecstasy group substances.

Despite the almost global prohibition of these substances by national and international laws, the consumption of illicit drugs has increased over the years, generating abuse and dependence problems.

Many illicit drugs can cause serious health risks, even when consumed in small doses. Some drugs can cause addiction after a few administrations, causing, in some cases, a high risk of overdose or exposure to severe toxicity. 

Three main factors determining the harm associated with drugs of potential abuse include the physical harm to the individual user caused by the drug toxicity, the tendency of the drugs of abuse to induce dependence, and the effect of drug use on relatives, friends, communities, and society.

In this Special Issue, attention will be paid to current knowledge of the different pharmacological and toxicological aspects of drug exposure, and to the health effects of most common illicit drugs such as nicotine, cocaine, cannabis, heroin and newly emerging potential classes of drugs of abuse.

Dr. Carmen Mannucci
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • drugs of abuse
  • illicit drugs exposure
  • dependence
  • addiction
  • club drugs

Published Papers (1 paper)

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13 pages, 617 KiB  
Brief Report
Whole-Exome Sequencing to Identify Potential Genetic Risk in Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Feasibility Study
by P. V. AshaRani, Syidda Amron, Noor Azizah Bte Zainuldin, Sumanty Tohari, Alvin Y. J. Ng, Guo Song, Byrappa Venkatesh and Ajay S. Mathuru
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(13), 2810; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132810 - 25 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4938
Abstract
Genetics intersects with environmental, cultural, and social factors in the development of addictive disorders. This study reports the feasibility of whole-exome sequencing of trios (subject and two family members) to discover potential genetic variants in the development of substance use disorders (SUD). Family [...] Read more.
Genetics intersects with environmental, cultural, and social factors in the development of addictive disorders. This study reports the feasibility of whole-exome sequencing of trios (subject and two family members) to discover potential genetic variants in the development of substance use disorders (SUD). Family trios were recruited from the National Addictions Management Service in Singapore during the 2016–2018 period. Recruited subjects had severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) or opioid use disorder (OUD), with nicotine dependence (ND) and a family history of addictive disorders. Demographic characteristics and severity of addiction were captured. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and analysis were performed on salivary samples collected from the trios. WES revealed variants in several genes in each individual and disruptive protein mutations in most. Variants were identified in genes previously associated with SUDs, such as Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 3 (PLEKHM3), coiled-coil serine-rich protein 1 (CCSER1), LIM and calponin homology domains-containing protein 1 (LIMCH1), dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 (DNAH8), and the taste receptor type 2 member 38 (TAS2R38) involved in the perception of bitterness. The feasibility study suggests that subjects with a severe addiction profile, polysubstance use, and family history of addiction may often harbor gene variants that may predispose them to SUDs. This study could serve as a model for future precision medicine-based personalized interventional strategies for behavioral addictions and SUDs and for the discovery of potentially pathogenic genetic variants. Full article
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