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Urothelial Carcinoma: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment: Part II
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Urothelial Carcinoma: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment: Part II

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 8 October 2024 | Viewed by 1326

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Massimiliano Creta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Interests: bladder cancer; radical cystectomty; radical nephroureterectomy; transurethral resection of bladder tumor; upper urinary tract urothelian carcinoma
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to invite you to contribute to the Special Issue entitled "Urothelial Carcinoma: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment: Part II". This is a new volume and we previously published 11 papers in the first volume. For more details, please visit:
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/special_issues/Clinical_Urothelial_Carcinoma

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) represents the most common type of epithelial tumor diagnosed in Europe, North America, South America, and Asia. Although around 70–75% of newly diagnosed UC manifests as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, it can also involve the renal pelvis, ureter, and urethra. UC is a multifocal process, with tobacco smoking being the most relevant risk factor in developed countries. Patients with UC of the upper urinary tract have a 30% to 50% chance of developing cancer of the bladder, while patients with bladder cancer have a 2% to 3% chance of developing cancer of the upper urinary tract. Currently, UC represents a clinical and social challenge because of its incidence, post-treatment recurrence rate, and prognosis. In recent years, the poor diagnostic accuracy of the available diagnostic tools such as urine cytology, white cystoscopy, and conventional imaging modalities have emphasized the urgent need for advancement in clinical guidance for UC. Moreover, novel treatment approaches, both medical and surgical, have significantly impacted the management of these patients. At the same time, the quality of life of these patients has gained growing interest. This Special Issue presents up-to-date summaries related to the diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and management of UC.

Prof. Dr. Massimiliano Creta
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bladder cancer
  • radical cystectomy
  • radical nephroureterectomy
  • transurethral resection of bladder tumor
  • upper urinary tract urothelian carcinoma

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1075 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Value of Postneoadjuvant Chemotherapy Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients undergoing Radical Cystectomy
by Krystian Kaczmarek, Bartosz Małkiewicz, Adam Gurwin, Wiktor Mateusz Krawczyk, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka and Artur Lemiński
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 1953; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13071953 - 28 Mar 2024
Viewed by 428
Abstract
Background: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a widely assessed biomarker in most common diseases, is typically evaluated before treatment initiation. However, data on NLR in the post-treatment setting is limited. Therefore, we assessed the NLR calculated after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) initiation in patients with bladder [...] Read more.
Background: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a widely assessed biomarker in most common diseases, is typically evaluated before treatment initiation. However, data on NLR in the post-treatment setting is limited. Therefore, we assessed the NLR calculated after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) initiation in patients with bladder cancer (BC). We hypothesised that changes in blood cells after NAC could be a marker of tumour response and long-term survival. Materials and Methods: Our study included 214 patients who underwent NAC followed by radical cystectomy (RC) in two urological departments, wherein post-NAC NLR was used to categorize patients into the low (NLR ≤ 1.75) and high (NLR > 1.75) groups. Results: Logistic regression analysis indicated that a post-NAC NLR ≥ 1.75 is a good biomarker for pathologic response (odds ratio (OR), 0.045; p <0.001), emphasizing its ability to predict patient survival. The HRs for overall survival and cancer-specific survival were 2.387 (p = 0.048) and 2.342 (p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: We believe that post-NAC NLR can be used for patient stratification after NAC. Consequently, the post-NAC NLR may serve as a guide for the decision-making process regarding RC versus bladder-preserving strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urothelial Carcinoma: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment: Part II)
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Review

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10 pages, 230 KiB  
Review
Plasma-Derived Cell-Free DNA as a Biomarker for Early Detection, Prognostication, and Personalized Treatment of Urothelial Carcinoma
by Sophia Bhalla, Rachel Passarelli, Antara Biswas, Subhajyoti De and Saum Ghodoussipour
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 2057; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072057 - 02 Apr 2024
Viewed by 607
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies in the United States, with over 80,000 new cases and 16,000 deaths each year. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common histology and accounts for 90% of cases. BC management is complicated by [...] Read more.
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies in the United States, with over 80,000 new cases and 16,000 deaths each year. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common histology and accounts for 90% of cases. BC management is complicated by recurrence rates of over 50% in both muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. As such, the American Urological Association (AUA) recommends that patients undergo close surveillance during and after treatment. This surveillance is in the form of cystoscopy or imaging tests, which can be invasive and costly tests. Considering this, there have been recent pushes to find complements to bladder cancer surveillance. Cell-free DNA (CfDNA), or DNA released from dying cells, and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), or mutated DNA released from tumor cells, can be analyzed to detect and characterize the molecular characteristics of tumors. Research has shown promising results for ctDNA use in the BC care realm. A PubMed literature review was performed finding studies discussing cfDNA and ctDNA in BC detection, prognostication, and monitoring for recurrence. Keywords used included bladder cancer, cell-free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, urothelial carcinoma, and liquid biopsy. Studies show that ctDNA can serve as prognostic indicators of both early- and late-stage BC, aid in risk stratification prior to major surgery, assist in detection of disease progression and metastatic relapse, and can assess patients who may respond to immunotherapy. The benefit of ctDNA is not confined to BC, as studies have also suggested its promise as a biomarker for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in upper-tract UC. However, there are some limitations to ctDNA that require improvements in ctDNA-specific detection methods and BC-specific mutations before widespread utilization can be achieved. Further prospective, randomized trials are needed to elucidate the true potential ctDNA has in advancements in BC care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urothelial Carcinoma: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment: Part II)
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