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Skin Cancer and Melanoma 2.0
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Skin Cancer and Melanoma 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 12770

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Takamichi Ito

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
Interests: skin cancer; dermatopathology; skin surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The skin is the outermost part of the body and is an area where various external and internal stimuli interact. Various malignant tumors may arise from epidermal keratinocytes, melanocytes, skin appendages, and dermal mesenchymal cells. The malignant tumors include cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, sebaceous carcinoma, hidradenocarcinoma, extramammary Paget disease, Merkel cell carcinoma, angiosarcoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Recent developments in immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy have revolutionized the treatment of skin cancers and dramatically improved patient survival. Dysregulated signaling pathways are crucial factors of uncontrolled tumor proliferation and malignant transformation in skin cancer.

In this new Special Issue of IJMS, we will publish cutting-edge information regarding diagnosis, therapy, and prevention, especially related to skin cancer and melanoma. We will also shed light on skin cancer signaling pathways. We warmly welcome the submission of both original papers and reviews.

Dr. Takamichi Ito
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • melanoma
  • cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
  • basal cell carcinoma
  • melanoma
  • sebaceous carcinoma
  • hidradenocarcinoma
  • extramammary Paget disease
  • Merkel cell carcinoma
  • angiosarcoma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
  • treatment
  • immunotherapy
  • target therapy
  • chemotherapy

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3903 KiB  
Article
Synergistic In Vitro Anticancer Toxicity of Pulsed Electric Fields and Glutathione
by Christina M. Wolff and Sander Bekeschus
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 14772; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314772 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1372
Abstract
Despite continuous advancement in skin cancer therapy, the disease is still fatal in many patients, demonstrating the need to improve existing therapies, such as electrochemotherapy (ECT). ECT can be applied in the palliative or curative setting and is based on the application of [...] Read more.
Despite continuous advancement in skin cancer therapy, the disease is still fatal in many patients, demonstrating the need to improve existing therapies, such as electrochemotherapy (ECT). ECT can be applied in the palliative or curative setting and is based on the application of pulsed electric fields (PEF), which by themselves exerts none to low cancer toxicity but become potently toxic when combined with low-dosed chemotherapeutics such as bleomycin and cisplatin. Albeit their favorable side-effect profiles, not all patients respond to standard ECT, and some responders experience tumor recurrence. To identify potential adjuvant or alternative agents to standard electrochemotherapy, we explored the possibility of combining PEF with a physiological compound, glutathione (GSH), to amplify anticancer toxicity. GSH is an endogenous antioxidant and is available as a dietary supplement. Surprisingly, neither GSH nor PEF mono treatment but GSH + PEF combination treatment exerted strong cytotoxic effects and declined metabolic activity in four skin cancer cell lines in vitro. The potential applicability to other tumor cells was verified by corroborating results in two leukemia cell lines. Strikingly, GSH + PEF treatment did not immediately increase intracellular GSH levels, while levels 24 h following treatment were enhanced. Similar tendencies were made for intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, while extracellular ROS increased following combination treatment. ROS levels and the degree of cytotoxicity could be partially reversed by pre-incubating cells with the NADPH-oxidase (NOX) inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and the H2O2-degrading enzyme catalase. Collectively, our findings suggest a promising new “endogenous” drug to be combined with PEF for future anticancer research approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Cancer and Melanoma 2.0)
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Review

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27 pages, 452 KiB  
Review
Advancing Cancer Research: Current Knowledge on Cutaneous Neoplasia
by Laura Stătescu, Laura Mihaela Trandafir, Elena Țarcă, Mihaela Moscalu, Maria Magdalena Leon Constantin, Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu, Mioara Florentina Trandafirescu, Mihaela Camelia Tîrnovanu, Rodica Heredea, Andrei Valentin Pătrașcu, Doru Botezat and Elena Cojocaru
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 11176; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311176 - 06 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1494
Abstract
Skin cancers require a multidisciplinary approach. The updated guidelines introduce new insights into the management of these diseases. Melanoma (MM), the third most common skin cancer, a malignant melanocytic tumor, which is classified into four major histological subtypes, continues to have the potential [...] Read more.
Skin cancers require a multidisciplinary approach. The updated guidelines introduce new insights into the management of these diseases. Melanoma (MM), the third most common skin cancer, a malignant melanocytic tumor, which is classified into four major histological subtypes, continues to have the potential to be a lethal disease. The mortality–incidence ratio is higher in Eastern European countries compared to Western European countries, which shows the need for better prevention and early detection in Eastern European countries. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remain the top two skin cancers, and their incidence continues to grow. The gold standard in establishing the diagnosis and establishing the histopathological subtype in BCC and SCC is a skin biopsy. Sebaceous carcinoma (SeC) is an uncommon and potentially aggressive cutaneous malignancy showing sebaceous differentiation. It accounts for 0.7% of skin cancers and 3–6.7% of cancer-related deaths. Due to the rapid extension to the regional lymph nodes, SeC requires early treatment. The main treatment for sebaceous carcinoma is surgical treatment, including Mohs micrographic surgery, which has the advantage of complete margin evaluation and low recurrence rates. Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative diseases, with no evidence of extracutaneous determination at the moment of the diagnosis. PCLs have usually a very different evolution, prognosis, and treatment compared to the lymphomas that may secondarily involve the skin. The aim of our review is to summarize the important changes in the approach to treating melanoma, non-melanoma skin, cutaneous T and B cell lymphomas, and other types of skin cancers. For all skin cancers, optimal patient management requires a multidisciplinary approach including dermatology, medical oncology, and radiation oncology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Cancer and Melanoma 2.0)
20 pages, 1960 KiB  
Review
Mastocytosis and Skin Cancer: The Current State of Knowledge
by Agnieszka Kaszuba, Martyna Sławińska, Jakub Żółkiewicz, Michał Sobjanek, Roman J. Nowicki and Magdalena Lange
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(12), 9840; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24129840 - 07 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1652
Abstract
Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases associated with excessive proliferation and accumulation of mast cells in different organs. Recent studies have demonstrated that patients suffering from mastocytosis face an increased risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The cause of this has [...] Read more.
Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases associated with excessive proliferation and accumulation of mast cells in different organs. Recent studies have demonstrated that patients suffering from mastocytosis face an increased risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The cause of this has not yet been clearly identified. In the literature, the potential influence of several factors has been suggested, including genetic background, the role of cytokines produced by mast cells, iatrogenic and hormonal factors. The article summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of skin neoplasia in mastocytosis patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Cancer and Melanoma 2.0)
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14 pages, 865 KiB  
Review
Cutaneous Melanoma and Hormones: Focus on Sex Differences and the Testis
by Ilaria Cosci, Giuseppe Grande, Andrea Di Nisio, Maria Santa Rocca, Paolo Del Fiore, Clara Benna, Simone Mocellin and Alberto Ferlin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 599; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010599 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2297
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma, the most aggressive type of skin cancer, remains one the most represented forms of cancer in the United States and European countries, representing, in Australia, the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. Recently, many studies have shown that sex disparities previously observed [...] Read more.
Cutaneous melanoma, the most aggressive type of skin cancer, remains one the most represented forms of cancer in the United States and European countries, representing, in Australia, the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. Recently, many studies have shown that sex disparities previously observed in most cancers are particularly accentuated in melanoma, where male sex is consistently associated with an increased risk of disease progression and a higher mortality rate. The causes of these sex differences rely on biological mechanisms related to sex hormones, immune homeostasis and oxidative processes. The development of newer therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (i.e., anti–PD-1 and anti–CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies) has dramatically changed the treatment landscape of metastatic melanoma patients, though ICIs can interfere with the immune response and lead to inflammatory immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Recently, some studies have shown a potential adverse influence of this immunotherapy treatment also on male fertility and testicular function. However, while many anticancer drugs are known to cause defects in spermatogenesis, the effects of ICIs therapy remain largely unknown. Notwithstanding the scarce and conflicting information available on this topic, the American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines recommend sperm cryopreservation in males undergoing ICIs. As investigations regarding the long-term outcomes of anticancer immunotherapy on the male reproductive system are still in their infancy, this review aims to support and spur future research in order to understand a potential gonadotoxic effect of ICIs on testicular function, spermatogenesis and male fertility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Cancer and Melanoma 2.0)
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15 pages, 551 KiB  
Review
Role of miRNA in Melanoma Development and Progression
by Agata Poniewierska-Baran, Sylwia Słuczanowska-Głąbowska, Paulina Małkowska, Olga Sierawska, Łukasz Zadroga, Andrzej Pawlik and Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010201 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3161
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and progressive skin cancers. It develops from normal pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes, so it is important to know the mechanism behind such transformations. The study of metastasis mechanisms is crucial for a better understanding the [...] Read more.
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and progressive skin cancers. It develops from normal pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes, so it is important to know the mechanism behind such transformations. The study of metastasis mechanisms is crucial for a better understanding the biology of neoplastic cells. Metastasis of melanoma, or any type of cancer, is a multi-stage process in which the neoplastic cells leave the primary tumour, travel through the blood and/or lymphatic vessels, settle in distant organs and create secondary tumours. MicroRNA (miRNA) can participate in several steps of the metastatic process. This review presents the role of miRNA molecules in the development and progression as well as the immune response to melanoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Cancer and Melanoma 2.0)
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13 pages, 330 KiB  
Review
Immunotherapy for Melanoma: The Significance of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma
by Taku Fujimura, Yusuke Muto and Yoshihide Asano
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15720; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415720 - 11 Dec 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2080
Abstract
Therapeutic options for treating advanced melanoma have progressed rapidly in recent decades. Until 6 years ago, the regimen for treating advanced melanoma consisted mainly of cytotoxic agents such as dacarbazine and type I interferons. Since 2014, anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD1) antibodies have [...] Read more.
Therapeutic options for treating advanced melanoma have progressed rapidly in recent decades. Until 6 years ago, the regimen for treating advanced melanoma consisted mainly of cytotoxic agents such as dacarbazine and type I interferons. Since 2014, anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD1) antibodies have been recognized as anchor drugs for treating advanced melanoma, with or without additional combination drugs such as ipilimumab, but the efficacies of these immunotherapies are not fully satisfactory. In this review, we describe the development of the currently available anti-PD1 Abs-based immunotherapies for advanced melanoma, focusing on their efficacy and immune-related adverse events (AEs), as well as clinical trials still ongoing for the future treatment of advanced melanoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Cancer and Melanoma 2.0)
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