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Nanotoxicology and Nanosafety 4.0
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Nanotoxicology and Nanosafety 4.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 June 2024 | Viewed by 8288

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ying-Jan Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University | NCKU, Tainan, Taiwan
Interests: nanotoxicology; environmental toxicology; ecotoxicology; nanosafety; alternative testing methods; regulatory toxicology; adverse outcome pathways
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been widely applied in many industrial sectors, including medicine, consumer products, and electronics. While such technology has brought benefits and convenience to our daily lives, it may also threaten human health and environmental safety. However, knowledge of the adverse health effects of these nanomaterials is still very limited. In this Special Issue, we hope to bring together significant research that advances the knowledge base on the adverse effects and regulatory aspects of nanomaterials. In vitro, in vivo, and human studies that contribute to our understanding of human health and environmental impacts are welcome. Of particular interest are papers that describe studies where modes of action and adverse outcome pathways could be evaluated during nanomaterial intoxication. In addition, alternative testing methods using zebrafish, Drosophila, and C. elegans are also welcome.

This Special Issue will focus on the publication of original manuscripts and critical reviews to advance our understanding of the possible health effects of nanomaterials, as well as the means to protect workers and consumers exposed to them.

Prof. Dr. Ying-Jan Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • molecular and cellular mechanisms of nanomaterial intoxication 
  • regulatory toxicology 
  • nanotoxicology 
  • nanosafety 
  • alternative testing methods 
  • ecotoxicity of nanomaterials 
  • adverse effects of nanomaterials in zebrafish 
  • adverse effects of nanomaterials in Drosophila 
  • adverse effects of nanomaterials in C. elegans 
  • risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials 
  • risk management of engineered nanomaterials 
  • biological monitoring of engineered nanomaterials 
  • environmental monitoring of engineered nanomaterials

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 5559 KiB  
Article
Oral Excretion Kinetics of Food-Additive Silicon Dioxides and Their Effect on In Vivo Macrophage Activation
by Ri-Ye Kwon, Su-Min Youn and Soo-Jin Choi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(3), 1614; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031614 - 28 Jan 2024
Viewed by 607
Abstract
A food additive, silicon dioxide (SiO2) is commonly used in the food industry as an anti-caking agent. The presence of nanoparticles (NPs) in commercial food-grade SiO2 has raised concerns regarding their potential toxicity related to nano size. While recent studies [...] Read more.
A food additive, silicon dioxide (SiO2) is commonly used in the food industry as an anti-caking agent. The presence of nanoparticles (NPs) in commercial food-grade SiO2 has raised concerns regarding their potential toxicity related to nano size. While recent studies have demonstrated the oral absorption and tissue distribution of food-additive SiO2 particles, limited information is available about their excretion behaviors and potential impact on macrophage activation. In this study, the excretion kinetics of two differently manufactured (fumed and precipitated) SiO2 particles were evaluated following repeated oral administration to rats for 28 d. The excretion fate of their intact particles, decomposed forms, or ionic forms was investigated in feces and urine, respectively. Monocyte uptake, Kupffer cell activation, and cytokine release were assessed after the oral administration of SiO2 particles. Additionally, their intracellular fates were determined in Raw 264.7 cells. The results revealed that the majority of SiO2 particles were not absorbed but directly excreted via feces in intact particle forms. Only a small portion of SiO2 was eliminated via urine, predominantly in the form of bioconverted silicic acid and slightly decomposed ionic forms. SiO2 particles were mainly present in particle forms inside cells, followed by ionic and silicic acid forms, indicating their slow conversion into silicic acid after cellular uptake. No effects of the manufacturing method were observed on excretion and fates. Moreover, no in vivo monocyte uptake, Kupffer cell polarization, or cytokine release were induced by orally administered SiO2 particles. These finding contribute to understanding the oral toxicokinetics of food-additive SiO2 and provide valuable insights into its potential toxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotoxicology and Nanosafety 4.0)
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16 pages, 8540 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study of Nanobio Interaction of Zn-Doped CdTe Quantum Dots with Lactoferrin Using Different Spectroscopic Methods
by Meng Ji, Liwei Ren, Chunyuan Tian, Xuming Zhuang and Feng Luan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9325; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119325 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1052
Abstract
In this paper, glutathione (GSH)-coated Zn-doped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with different particle sizes were synthesized using the “reflow method”, and the interaction mechanism between the two QDs and lactoferrin (LF) was investigated systemically with different spectroscopic methods. The steady-state fluorescence spectra showed [...] Read more.
In this paper, glutathione (GSH)-coated Zn-doped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with different particle sizes were synthesized using the “reflow method”, and the interaction mechanism between the two QDs and lactoferrin (LF) was investigated systemically with different spectroscopic methods. The steady-state fluorescence spectra showed that the LF formed a tight complex with the two QDs through static bursting and that the electrostatic force was the main driving force between the two LF–QDs systems. The complex generation process was found to be spontaneous (ΔG < 0) and accompanied by exothermic and increasing degrees of freedom (ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0) by using the temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy. The critical transfer distance (R0) and donor–acceptor distance (r) of the two LF–QDs systems were obtained based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer theory. In addition, it was observed that the QDs changed the secondary and tertiary structures of LF, leading to an increase in the hydrophobicity of LF. Further, the nano-effect of orange QDs on LF is much larger than that of green QDs. The above results provide a basis for metal-doped QDs with LF in safe nano-bio applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotoxicology and Nanosafety 4.0)
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19 pages, 7603 KiB  
Article
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Underlies Nanosilver-Induced Neurotoxicity in Immature Rat Brain
by Beata Dąbrowska-Bouta, Grzegorz Sulkowski, Magdalena Gewartowska and Lidia Strużyńska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 13013; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113013 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1728
Abstract
The growing production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and their widespread use in medical and consumer products, poses a potential threat to the environment and raises questions about biosafety. Immature organisms are particularly susceptible to various insults during development. The biological characteristics of immature [...] Read more.
The growing production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and their widespread use in medical and consumer products, poses a potential threat to the environment and raises questions about biosafety. Immature organisms are particularly susceptible to various insults during development. The biological characteristics of immature organisms are different from those of adults, and dictate the consequences of exposure to various toxic substances, including AgNPs. Nanoparticles are highly reactive and can easily cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to accumulate in brain tissues. It is therefore important to investigate the molecular mechanisms of AgNP-induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain. Immature 2-week-old rats were exposed to a low dose of AgNPs (0.2 mg/kg b.w.) over a long period. Subsequently, brain tissues of the animals were subjected to ultrastructural and molecular analyses to determine endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Ultrastructural markers of ER stress, such as pathological alterations in the ER and elongated forms of mitochondria accompanied by autophagy structures, were confirmed to be present in AgNP-exposed rat brain. Evidence for induction of ER stress in neurons was also provided by molecular markers. Upregulation of genes related to the ER-stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway, such as GRP78, PERK, and CHOP ATF-6, was observed at the transcriptional and translational levels. The results show that prolonged exposure of immature rats to a low dose of AgNPs during the developmental period leads to induction of ER stress in the neurons of the developing brain. Simultaneously, in response to AgNP-induced ER stress, neurons promote protective mechanisms that partially compensate for ER stress by regulating the biodynamic processes of mitochondria and autophagy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotoxicology and Nanosafety 4.0)
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Review

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27 pages, 1152 KiB  
Review
Toxicological Aspects, Safety Assessment, and Green Toxicology of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)—Critical Review: State of the Art
by Maciej Noga, Justyna Milan, Adrian Frydrych and Kamil Jurowski
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(6), 5133; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065133 - 07 Mar 2023
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4374
Abstract
In recent years, research on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted considerable interest among scientists because of, among other things, their alternative application to well-known medical agents with antibacterial properties. The size of the silver nanoparticles ranges from 1 to 100 nm. In this [...] Read more.
In recent years, research on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted considerable interest among scientists because of, among other things, their alternative application to well-known medical agents with antibacterial properties. The size of the silver nanoparticles ranges from 1 to 100 nm. In this paper, we review the progress of research on AgNPs with respect to the synthesis, applications, and toxicological safety of AgNPs, and the issue of in vivo and in vitro research on silver nanoparticles. AgNPs’ synthesis methods include physical, chemical, and biological routes, as well as “green synthesis”. The content of this article covers issues related to the disadvantages of physical and chemical methods, which are expensive and can also have toxicity. This review pays special attention to AgNP biosafety concerns, such as potential toxicity to cells, tissues, and organs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotoxicology and Nanosafety 4.0)
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