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Plant Lipids: From Physiology to Biotechnological Applications

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 23302

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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sabine D'Andrea

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Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
Interests: lipiddroplet dynamics; lipid metabolism; lipid droplet-associated proteins

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jean-Luc Cacas

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Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
Interests: lipid signaling in response to abiotic/biotic stresses; lipid metabolism regulation; endoplasmic reticulum; unfolded protein response

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant lipids have long been known as structural components of membranes and cuticles, as well as storage products. In contrast to this apparently static view, lipid metabolism and membrane homeostasis have appeared as highly dynamic phenomena over the years, still revealing nowadays complex regulation and intricate metabolic coordination between subcellular compartments. It has also become clear that maintaining lipid homeostasis is of utmost importance for plant cells to survive under stressful conditions. In addition, lipids can serve for generating many signalling molecules (like phosphatidic acid, phosphoinositides, sphingolipids, and oxylipins, to name a few), the latter of which are involved in plant local and systemic tolerance to numerous abiotic and biotic stresses. The purpose of this Special Issue is thus to provide an update on all these aspects at the molecular level, and explore new outcomes of plant lipid physiology towards possible biotechnological applications.

We will consider for review or research publication any contribution dealing with (i) lipid metabolism and its regulation (targeting all kinds of lipids, including extracellular ones), (ii) membrane structure and dynamics (microdomains, membrane remodelling, vesicular trafficking, membrane contact sites, etc), (iii) lipid-based signalling events under developmental and stressful conditions, and (iv) biotechnological issues emphasizing molecular methodological approaches dedicated to either improving or understanding plant lipid quality and/or quantity. Studies dealing with chemical and biological transformation of plant lipids will not be considered in this Special Issue.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sabine D'Andrea
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jean-Luc Cacas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

Fatty acid synthesis, modifications and regulation
Membrane lipid dynamics
Storage lipid accumulation and degradation
Lipids in stress acclimation
Lipid signaling
Biotechnological issues

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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35 pages, 75371 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Membrane Profiling by Free Flow Electrophoresis and SWATH-MS to Characterize Subcellular Compartment Proteomes in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

by Qi Guo, Lei Liu, Won C. Yim, John C. Cushman and Bronwyn J. Barkla

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(9), 5020; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22095020 - 09 May 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3058

Abstract

The study of subcellular membrane structure and function facilitates investigations into how biological processes are divided within the cell. However, work in this area has been hampered by the limited techniques available to fractionate the different membranes. Free Flow Electrophoresis (FFE) allows for the fractionation of membranes based on their different surface charges, a property made up primarily of their varied lipid and protein compositions. In this study, high-resolution plant membrane fractionation by FFE, combined with mass spectrometry-based proteomics, allowed the simultaneous profiling of multiple cellular membranes from the leaf tissue of the plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Comparisons of the fractionated membranes’ protein profile to that of known markers for specific cellular compartments sheds light on the functions of proteins, as well as provides new evidence for multiple subcellular localization of several proteins, including those involved in lipid metabolism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Lipids: From Physiology to Biotechnological Applications)

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18 pages, 2663 KiB

Open AccessArticle

LPIAT, a lyso-Phosphatidylinositol Acyltransferase, Modulates Seed Germination in Arabidopsis thaliana through PIP Signalling Pathways and is Involved in Hyperosmotic Response

by Denis Coulon, Lionel Faure, Magali Grison, Stéphanie Pascal, Valérie Wattelet-Boyer, Jonathan Clark, Marina Le Guedard, Eric Testet and Jean-Jacques Bessoule

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(5), 1654; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051654 - 28 Feb 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3001

Abstract

Lyso-lipid acyltransferases are enzymes involved in various processes such as lipid synthesis and remodelling. Here, we characterized the activity of an acyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana (LPIAT). In vitro, this protein, expressed in Escherichia coli membrane, displayed a 2-lyso-phosphatidylinositol acyltransferase activity with a specificity towards saturated long chain acyl CoAs (C16:0- and C18:0-CoAs), allowing the remodelling of phosphatidylinositol. In planta, LPIAT gene was expressed in mature seeds and very transiently during seed imbibition, mostly in aleurone-like layer cells. Whereas the disruption of this gene did not alter the lipid composition of seed, its overexpression in leaves promoted a strong increase in the phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIP) level without affecting the PIP2 content. The spatial and temporal narrow expression of this gene as well as the modification of PIP metabolism led us to investigate its role in the control of seed germination. Seeds from the lpiat mutant germinated faster and were less sensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) than wild-type or overexpressing lines. We also showed that the protective effect of ABA on young seedlings against dryness was reduced for lpiat line. In addition, germination of lpiat mutant seeds was more sensitive to hyperosmotic stress. All these results suggest a link between phosphoinositides and ABA signalling in the control of seed germination Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Lipids: From Physiology to Biotechnological Applications)

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20 pages, 3057 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plant Lipid Bodies Traffic on Actin to Plasmodesmata Motorized by Myosin XIs

by Manikandan Veerabagu, Laju K Paul, Päivi LH Rinne and Christiaan van der Schoot

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(4), 1422; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041422 - 20 Feb 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5130

Abstract

Late 19th-century cytologists observed tiny oil drops in shoot parenchyma and seeds, but it was discovered only in 1972 that they were bound by a half unit-membrane. Later, it was found that lipid bodies (LBs) arise from the endoplasmic reticulum. Seeds are known to be packed with static LBs, coated with the LB-specific protein OLEOSIN. As shown here, apices of Populus tremula x P. tremuloides also express OLEOSIN genes and produce potentially mobile LBs. In developing buds, PtOLEOSIN (PtOLE) genes were upregulated, especially PtOLE6, concomitant with LB accumulation. To investigate LB mobility and destinations, we transformed Arabidopsis with PtOLE6-eGFP. We found that PtOLE6-eGFP fusion protein co-localized with Nile Red-stained LBs in all cell types. Moreover, PtOLE6-eGFP-tagged LBs targeted plasmodesmata, identified by the callose marker aniline blue. Pharmacological experiments with brefeldin, cytochalasin D, and oryzalin showed that LB-trafficking requires F-actin, implying involvement of myosin motors. In a triple myosin-XI knockout (xi-k/1/2), transformed with PtOLE6-eGFP, trafficking of PtOLE6-eGFP-tagged LBs was severely impaired, confirming that they move on F-actin, motorized by myosin XIs. The data reveal that LBs and OLEOSINs both function in proliferating apices and buds, and that directional trafficking of LBs to plasmodesmata requires the actomyosin system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Lipids: From Physiology to Biotechnological Applications)

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22 pages, 3833 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the High-Oleic Acid Feedback Regulating the Homologous Gene Expression of Stearoyl-ACP Desaturase 2 (SAD2) in Peanuts

by Hao Liu, Jianzhong Gu, Qing Lu, Haifen Li, Yanbin Hong, Xiaoping Chen, Li Ren, Li Deng and Xuanqiang Liang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(12), 3091; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20123091 - 25 Jun 2019

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5255

Abstract

Peanuts with high oleic acid content are usually considered to be beneficial for human health and edible oil storage. In breeding practice, peanut lines with high monounsaturated fatty acids are selected using fatty acid desaturase 2 (FAD2), which is responsible for the conversion of oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2). Here, comparative transcriptomics were used to analyze the global gene expression profile of high- and normal-oleic peanut cultivars at six time points during seed development. First, the mutant type of FAD2 was determined in the high-oleic peanut (H176). The result suggested that early translation termination occurred simultaneously in the coding sequence of FAD2-A and FAD2-B, and the cultivar H176 is capable of utilizing a potential germplasm resource for future high-oleic peanut breeding. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis identified 74 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in high-oleic peanut seed, of which five DEGs encoded the fatty acid desaturase. Aradu.XM2MR belonged to the homologous gene of stearoyl-ACP (acyl carrier protein) desaturase 2 (SAD2) that converted the C18:0 into C18:1. Further subcellular localization studies indicated that FAD2 was located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Aradu.XM2MR was targeted to the plastid in Arabidopsis protoplast cells. To examine the dynamic mechanism of this finding, we focused on the peroxidase (POD)-mediated fatty acid (FA) degradation pathway. The fad2 mutant significantly increased the POD activity and H₂O₂ concentration at the early stage of seed development, implying that redox signaling likely acted as a messenger to connect the signaling transduction between the high-oleic content and Aradu.XM2MR transcription level. Taken together, transcriptome analysis revealed the feedback mechanism of SAD2 (Aradu.XM2MR) associated with FAD2 mutation during the seed developmental stage, which could provide a potential peanut breeding strategy based on identified candidate genes to improve the content of oleic acid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Lipids: From Physiology to Biotechnological Applications)

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Review

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31 pages, 2040 KiB

Open AccessReview

Membrane Lipid Remodeling in Response to Salinity

by Qi Guo, Lei Liu and Bronwyn J. Barkla

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(17), 4264; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174264 - 30 Aug 2019

Cited by 106 | Viewed by 6185

Abstract

Salinity is one of the most decisive environmental factors threatening the productivity of crop plants. Understanding the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance is critical to be able to maintain or improve crop yield under these adverse environmental conditions. Plant membranes act as biological barriers, protecting the contents of cells and organelles from biotic and abiotic stress, including salt stress. Alterations in membrane lipids in response to salinity have been observed in a number of plant species including both halophytes and glycophytes. Changes in membrane lipids can directly affect the properties of membrane proteins and activity of signaling molecules, adjusting the fluidity and permeability of membranes, and activating signal transduction pathways. In this review, we compile evidence on the salt stress responses of the major membrane lipids from different plant tissues, varieties, and species. The role of membrane lipids as signaling molecules in response to salinity is also discussed. Advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques have largely expanded our knowledge of salt-induced changes in lipids, however only a handful studies have investigated the underlying mechanisms of membrane lipidome regulation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent works that have been carried out on lipid remodeling of plant membranes under salt treatment. Challenges and future perspectives in understanding the mechanisms of salt-induced changes to lipid metabolisms are proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Lipids: From Physiology to Biotechnological Applications)

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