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Fasciae from a Molecular and Biomechanical Perspective

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 24050

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Guest Editor
Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, 35127 Padova, Italy
Interests: fascial anatomy and histology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is growing interest in the fasciae as a source of pain and for their potential involvement in motor coordination and proprioception, suggesting that specific training or physical therapies can modify their microscopic organization. Recently, we demonstrated that fasciae have specific receptors for endocannabinoids, for estrogen-α and relaxin-1, and that under such stimuli they alter the production of collagen types and hyaluronan. It is also known that diabetes can create a glycation of the collagen fibers in the plantar fascia and, as a result, alter the mechanical properties of the fascia. Besides, fasciae could be barriers to the spread of cancer, and their molecular/biochemical alterations could potentially affect the ability of a cancer to metastasize. Additionally, fasciae envelop the internal organs, and they play a key role in organ mobility. In fact, nobody knows if there are different variables at play in athletes and healthy and pathological populations or how the various physical therapies work.

This Special Issue will integrate studies focused on the understanding of the molecular aspects of the fasciae and whether they change in response to specific genetic, chemical, hormonal, and/or mechanical stimulation. Neuroscience studies that evaluate nerve fibers and how they affect brain dynamics are also welcomed.

For this Special Issue, we aim to integrate studies on the following areas:

- Microscopic analysis of the various types of collagen and elastic fibers in fasciae (various types of fasciae and various situations (healthy or pathological));

- Studies about hyaluronan, which is one of the major components of the loose connective tissue inside fasciae;

- Effect of aging on fasciae;

- Studies about fascial innervation and how fascial inputs can affect brain dynamics.

This special issue is focusing on molecular research. Papers focus on clinical research or others may choose our Joint Special Issue in Life (ISSN 2075-1729, IF 2.991).

Prof. Dr. Carla Stecco
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fascia
  • connective tissue
  • hyaluronan
  • myofascial pain

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3921 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Aging on the Intramuscular Connective Tissue
by Caterina Fede, Chenglei Fan, Carmelo Pirri, Lucia Petrelli, Carlo Biz, Andrea Porzionato, Veronica Macchi, Raffaele De Caro and Carla Stecco
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11061; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911061 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2603
Abstract
The intramuscular connective tissue plays a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of the muscle and in providing mechanical support. The current study investigates age-related changes that may contribute to passive stiffness and functional impairment of skeletal muscles. Variations in the extracellular [...] Read more.
The intramuscular connective tissue plays a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of the muscle and in providing mechanical support. The current study investigates age-related changes that may contribute to passive stiffness and functional impairment of skeletal muscles. Variations in the extracellular matrix in human quadriceps femoris muscles in 10 young men, 12 elderly males and 16 elderly females, and in the hindlimb muscles of 6 week old, 8 month old and 2 year old C57BL/6J male mice, were evaluated. Picrosirius red, Alcian blue and Weigert Van Gieson stainings were performed to evaluate collagen, glycosamynoglycans and elastic fibers. Immunohistochemistry analyses were carried out to assess collagen I, collagen III and hyaluronan. The percentage area of collagen was significantly higher with aging (p < 0.01 in humans, p < 0.001 in mice), mainly due to an increase in collagen I, with no differences in collagen III (p > 0.05). The percentage area of elastic fibers in the perimysium was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in elderly men, together with a significant decrease in hyaluronan content both in humans and in mice. No significant differences were detected according to gender. The accumulation of collagen I and the lower levels of hyaluronan and elastic fibers with aging could cause a stiffening of the muscles and a reduction of their adaptability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fasciae from a Molecular and Biomechanical Perspective)
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Review

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14 pages, 2354 KiB  
Review
Furnishing Wound Repair by the Subcutaneous Fascia
by Dongsheng Jiang and Yuval Rinkevich
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(16), 9006; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22169006 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6158
Abstract
Mammals rapidly heal wounds through fibrous connective tissue build up and tissue contraction. Recent findings from mouse attribute wound healing to physical mobilization of a fibroelastic connective tissue layer that resides beneath the skin, termed subcutaneous fascia or superficial fascia, into sites of [...] Read more.
Mammals rapidly heal wounds through fibrous connective tissue build up and tissue contraction. Recent findings from mouse attribute wound healing to physical mobilization of a fibroelastic connective tissue layer that resides beneath the skin, termed subcutaneous fascia or superficial fascia, into sites of injury. Fascial mobilization assembles diverse cell types and matrix components needed for rapid wound repair. These observations suggest that the factors directly affecting fascial mobility are responsible for chronic skin wounds and excessive skin scarring. In this review, we discuss the link between the fascia’s unique tissue anatomy, composition, biomechanical, and rheologic properties to its ability to mobilize its tissue assemblage. Fascia is thus at the forefront of tissue pathology and a better understanding of how it is mobilized may crystallize our view of wound healing alterations during aging, diabetes, and fibrous disease and create novel therapeutic strategies for wound repair. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fasciae from a Molecular and Biomechanical Perspective)
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21 pages, 614 KiB  
Review
Does the Interaction between Local and Systemic Inflammation Provide a Link from Psychology and Lifestyle to Tissue Health in Musculoskeletal Conditions?
by David M. Klyne, Mary F. Barbe, Greg James and Paul W. Hodges
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(14), 7299; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147299 - 07 Jul 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6127
Abstract
Musculoskeletal conditions are known to involve biological, psychological, social and, often, lifestyle elements. However, these domains are generally considered in isolation from each other. This siloed approach is unlikely to be adequate to understand the complexity of these conditions and likely explains a [...] Read more.
Musculoskeletal conditions are known to involve biological, psychological, social and, often, lifestyle elements. However, these domains are generally considered in isolation from each other. This siloed approach is unlikely to be adequate to understand the complexity of these conditions and likely explains a major component of the disappointing effects of treatment. This paper presents a hypothesis that aims to provide a foundation to understand the interaction and integration between these domains. We propose a hypothesis that provides a plausible link between psychology and lifestyle factors with tissue level effects (such as connective tissue dysregulation/accumulation) in musculoskeletal conditions that is founded on understanding the molecular basis for interaction between systemic and local inflammation. The hypothesis provides plausible and testable links between mind and body, for which empirical evidence can be found for many aspects. We present this hypothesis from the perspective of connective tissue biology and pathology (fibrosis), the role of inflammation locally (tissue level), and how this inflammation is shaped by systemic inflammation through bidirectional pathways, and various psychological and lifestyle factors via their influence on systemic inflammation. This hypothesis provides a foundation for new consideration of the development and refinement of personalized multidimensional treatments for individuals with musculoskeletal conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fasciae from a Molecular and Biomechanical Perspective)
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16 pages, 2801 KiB  
Review
Hyaluronan and the Fascial Frontier
by Rebecca L. Pratt
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(13), 6845; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136845 - 25 Jun 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 8070
Abstract
The buzz about hyaluronan (HA) is real. Whether found in face cream to increase water volume loss and viscoelasticity or injected into the knee to restore the properties of synovial fluid, the impact of HA can be recognized in many disciplines from dermatology [...] Read more.
The buzz about hyaluronan (HA) is real. Whether found in face cream to increase water volume loss and viscoelasticity or injected into the knee to restore the properties of synovial fluid, the impact of HA can be recognized in many disciplines from dermatology to orthopedics. HA is the most abundant polysaccharide of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. HA can impact cell behavior in specific ways by binding cellular HA receptors, which can influence signals that facilitate cell survival, proliferation, adhesion, as well as migration. Characteristics of HA, such as its abundance in a variety of tissues and its responsiveness to chemical, mechanical and hormonal modifications, has made HA an attractive molecule for a wide range of applications. Despite being discovered over 80 years ago, its properties within the world of fascia have only recently received attention. Our fascial system penetrates and envelopes all organs, muscles, bones and nerve fibers, providing the body with a functional structure and an environment that enables all bodily systems to operate in an integrated manner. Recognized interactions between cells and their HA-rich extracellular microenvironment support the importance of studying the relationship between HA and the body’s fascial system. From fasciacytes to chronic pain, this review aims to highlight the connections between HA and fascial health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fasciae from a Molecular and Biomechanical Perspective)
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