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Cancer Treatments with Natural Nanomaterials: The Path from Fundamental Research...
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Cancer Treatments with Natural Nanomaterials: The Path from Fundamental Research to Clinical Applications

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (27 December 2021) | Viewed by 11750

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Edouard Alphandéry

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France
2. Nanobacterie, 36 Boulevard Flandrin, 75116 Paris, France
Interests: nanomedicine; nano-oncology; nanotechnology; magnetososomes; natural nanoparticle; cancer; iron oxide nanopartcile

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There has been a surge of interest for using various types of nanotechnologies for the development of new cancer treatments. However, one of the problems that has often been encountered is the presence of toxic products in the synthesis of chemical nanoparticles, which can end up in the final nano-formulation, hence preventing the administration of these nanoparticles in a human. Hence, alternative synthesis routes, which rely on the use of various biological materials such as plant extracts, fungus, bacteria, viruses, yeast extract, have been introduced, using non-toxic and environmental friendly production methods. The purpose of this special issue is to gather contributions on this aspect. It will include means to fabricate/formulate/characterize these bio-synthesized nanomaterials in such ways that they could be injected to humans. Studies examining the biocompatibility, efficacy and associated mechanism of actions of such materials are welcome. Contributions explaining how to bring such materials to the clinic, for which type of cancer, and examining the design of specific clinical protocols will be appreciated.

Prof. Dr. Edouard Alphandéry
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Nanomedicine
  • Oncology
  • Natural/Bio-synthesized nanoparticle/nanomaterial
  • Nano-oncology
  • Nano-cancer

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2681 KiB  
Article
The Use of Silica Microparticles to Improve the Efficiency of Optical Hyperthermia (OH)
by O. Casanova-Carvajal, M. Zeinoun, A. L. Urbano-Bojorge, F. Bacha, J. Solera Livi, E. Agudo, G. Vargas, M. Ramos, R. Martínez-Murillo and J. J. Serrano-Olmedo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(10), 5091; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105091 - 11 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1864
Abstract
Although optical hyperthermia could be a promising anticancer therapy, the need for high concentrations of light-absorbing metal nanoparticles and high-intensity lasers, or large exposure times, could discourage its use due to the toxicity that they could imply. In this article, we explore a [...] Read more.
Although optical hyperthermia could be a promising anticancer therapy, the need for high concentrations of light-absorbing metal nanoparticles and high-intensity lasers, or large exposure times, could discourage its use due to the toxicity that they could imply. In this article, we explore a possible role of silica microparticles that have high biocompatibility and that scatter light, when used in combination with conventional nanoparticles, to reduce those high concentrations of particles and/or those intense laser beams, in order to improve the biocompatibility of the overall procedure. Our underlying hypothesis is that the scattering of light caused by the microparticles would increase the optical density of the irradiated volume due to the production of multiple reflections of the incident light: the nanoparticles present in the same volume would absorb more energy from the laser than without the presence of silica particles, resulting either in higher heat production or in the need for less laser power or absorbing particles for the same required temperature rise. Testing this new optical hyperthermia procedure, based on the use of a mixture of silica and metallic particles, we have measured cell mortality in vitro experiments with murine glioma (CT-2A) and mouse osteoblastic (MC3T3-E1) cell lines. We have used gold nanorods (GNRs) that absorb light with a wavelength of 808 nm, which are conventional in optical hyperthermia, and silica microparticles spheres (hereinafter referred to as SMSs) with a diameter size to scatter the light of this wavelength. The obtained results confirm our initial hypothesis, because a high mortality rate is achieved with reduced concentrations of GNR. We found a difference in mortality between CT2A cancer cells and cells considered non-cancer MC3T3, maintaining the same conditions, which gives indications that this technique possibly improves the efficiency in the cell survival. This might be related with differences in the proliferation rate. Since the experiments were carried out in the 2D dimensions of the Petri dishes, due to sedimentation of the silica particles at the bottom, whilst light scattering is a 3D phenomenon, a large amount of the energy provided by the laser escapes outside the medium. Therefore, better results might be expected when applying this methodology in tissues, which are 3D structures, where the multiple reflections of light we believe will produce higher optical density in comparison to the conventional case of no using scattering particles. Accordingly, further studies deserve to be carried out in this line of work in order to improve the optical hyperthermia technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Treatments with Natural Nanomaterials: The Path from Fundamental Research to Clinical Applications)
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Review

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15 pages, 1445 KiB  
Review
Viral Nanoparticle System: An Effective Platform for Photodynamic Therapy
by Shujin Lin, Chun Liu, Xiao Han, Haowei Zhong and Cui Cheng
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(4), 1728; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041728 - 09 Feb 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3374
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapy due to its efficiency and accuracy. The photosensitizer is delivered to the target lesion and locally activated. Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) have been explored as delivery vehicles for PDT in recent years because of their favorable properties, [...] Read more.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapy due to its efficiency and accuracy. The photosensitizer is delivered to the target lesion and locally activated. Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) have been explored as delivery vehicles for PDT in recent years because of their favorable properties, including simple manufacture and good safety profile. They have great potential as drug delivery carriers in medicine. Here, we review the development of PDT photosensitizers and discuss applications of VNP-mediated photodynamic therapies and the performance of VNPs in the treatment of tumor cells and antimicrobial therapy. Furthermore, future perspectives are discussed for further developing novel viral nanocarriers or improving existing viral vectors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Treatments with Natural Nanomaterials: The Path from Fundamental Research to Clinical Applications)
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18 pages, 2465 KiB  
Review
Natural Metallic Nanoparticles for Application in Nano-Oncology
by Edouard Alphandéry
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(12), 4412; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124412 - 21 Jun 2020
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 5658
Abstract
Here, the various types of naturally synthesized metallic nanoparticles, which are essentially composed of Ce, Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Cu, Ni, Se, Fe, or their oxides, are presented, based on a literature analysis. The synthesis methods used to obtain them most often involve [...] Read more.
Here, the various types of naturally synthesized metallic nanoparticles, which are essentially composed of Ce, Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Cu, Ni, Se, Fe, or their oxides, are presented, based on a literature analysis. The synthesis methods used to obtain them most often involve the reduction of metallic ions by biological materials or organisms, i.e., essentially plant extracts, yeasts, fungus, and bacteria. The anti-tumor activity of these nanoparticles has been demonstrated on different cancer lines. They rely on various mechanisms of action, such as heat, the release of chemotherapeutic drugs under a pH variation, nanoparticle excitation by radiation, or apoptotic tumor cell death. Among these natural metallic nanoparticles, one type, which consists of iron oxide nanoparticles produced by magnetotactic bacteria called magnetosomes, has been purified to remove endotoxins and abide by pharmacological regulations. It has been tested in vivo for anti-tumor efficacy. For that, purified and stabilized magnetosomes were injected in intracranial mouse glioblastoma tumors and repeatedly heated under the application of an alternating magnetic field, leading to the full disappearance of these tumors. As a whole, the results presented in the literature form a strong basis for pursuing the efforts towards the use of natural metallic nanoparticles for cancer treatment first pre-clinically and then clinically. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Treatments with Natural Nanomaterials: The Path from Fundamental Research to Clinical Applications)
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