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Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Allergic Reactions

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2024 | Viewed by 1735

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Interests: immune mechanisms; allergic sensitization; immunology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Type I hypersensitivity is the most common form of allergy, comprising an IgE-mediated allergic reaction to a harmless substance, such as pollen, peanuts, and bee venom. In predisposed individuals, exposure to certain allergens results in the rapid onset of symptoms, and in extreme cases can be fatal. The prevalence of type I hypersensitivities has been increasing for decades, now affecting up to 40% of the population; thus, the need for advancements in treatment and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms surrounding allergy development is crucial. This Special Issue focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying type I hypersensitivity and developments in treatment options, contributing to an increased understanding of allergy and providing insights to guide future allergy treatment.

We warmly welcome submissions, including original investigations and review articles, on this topic.

Prof. Dr. Lucy C. Fairclough
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • allergy
  • IgE
  • molecular mechanisms

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2926 KiB  
Article
Severe Type 2 Inflammation Leads to High Platelet-Activating-Factor-Associated Pathology in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps—A Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Using Bulk RNA Barcoding and Sequencing
by Takashi Ishino, Takashi Oda, Tomohiro Kawasumi, Kota Takemoto, Manabu Nishida, Yuichiro Horibe, Nobuyuki Chikuie, Takayuki Taruya, Takao Hamamoto, Tsutomu Ueda and Sachio Takeno
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(4), 2113; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042113 - 09 Feb 2024
Viewed by 662
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid-derived inflammatory mediator that triggers various inflammatory conditions, including eosinophil activation and recruitment. This study aimed to evaluate the expressions of PAF-metabolism-associated genes, namely genes coding the enzymes involved in PAF synthesis (LPCAT1, LPCAT2, LPCAT3, and LPCAT4), PAF [...] Read more.
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid-derived inflammatory mediator that triggers various inflammatory conditions, including eosinophil activation and recruitment. This study aimed to evaluate the expressions of PAF-metabolism-associated genes, namely genes coding the enzymes involved in PAF synthesis (LPCAT1, LPCAT2, LPCAT3, and LPCAT4), PAF degradation (PAFAH1B2, PAFAH1B3, and PAFAH2), and the gene for the PAF receptor (PTAFR) in subtypes of CRSwNP classified by clinical- or hierarchal-analysis-based classifications. Transcriptomic analysis using bulk RNA barcoding and sequencing (BRB-seq) was performed with CRSwNP, including eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) (n = 9), nonECRS (n = 8), ECRS with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (Asp) (n = 3), and controls with a normal uncinate process mucosa (n = 6). PTAFR was only upregulated in ECRS and nonECRS. In the hierarchical cluster analysis with clusters 1 and 2 reflecting patients with low-to-moderate and high levels of type 2 inflammation, respectively, cluster 1 exhibited a significant downregulation of LPCAT2 and an upregulation of PTAFR expression, while cluster 2 showed an upregulation of LPCAT1, PAFAH1B2, and PTAFR and downregulation of PAFAH2 expression. Understanding this strong PAF-associated pathophysiology in the severe type 2 inflammation group could provide valuable insights into the treatment and management of CRSwNP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Allergic Reactions)
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Review

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14 pages, 1262 KiB  
Review
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Atopic Dermatitis
by Catherine Harvey-Seutcheu, Georgina Hopkins and Lucy C. Fairclough
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3255; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063255 - 13 Mar 2024
Viewed by 808
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is the most common chronic skin disorder, characterized by red and pruritic lesions. Its etiology is multifaceted, involving an interplay of factors, such as the allergic immune response, skin barrier dysfunction, and dysbiosis of the skin microbiota. Recent studies [...] Read more.
Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is the most common chronic skin disorder, characterized by red and pruritic lesions. Its etiology is multifaceted, involving an interplay of factors, such as the allergic immune response, skin barrier dysfunction, and dysbiosis of the skin microbiota. Recent studies have explored the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are lipid bilayer-delimitated particles released by all cells, in atopic dermatitis. Examination of the available literature identified that most studies investigated EVs released by Staphylococcus aureus, which were found to impact the skin barrier and promote the release of cytokines that contribute to atopic dermatitis development. In addition, EVs released by the skin fungus, Malassezia sympodialis, were found to contain allergens, suggesting a potential contribution to allergic sensitization via the skin. The final major finding was the role of EVs released by mast cells, which were capable of activating various immune cells and attenuating the allergic response. While research in this area is still in its infancy, the studies examined in this review provide encouraging insights into how EVs released from a variety of cells play a role in both contributing to and protecting against atopic dermatitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Allergic Reactions)
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