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Recent Advances in the Regulation and Signaling of Small GTPases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 1166

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
Interests: intracellular signal transduction; small GTPases; diabetes
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The family of signal-transducing small GTPases serves as a molecular switch for intracellular signal transduction in eukaryotic cells. It has been implicated in a diverse array of cell functions, such as gene expression, cytoskeletal rearrangements, the intracellular transport of vesicles, and macromolecular transport across the nuclear envelope. In humans, defects in small-GTPase-mediated signaling are intimately involved in various diseases, including cancer. In contrast to heterotrimeric G proteins, another family of signal transducing GTPases, small GTPases, acts as a monomer (a single polypeptide) attached to cell and intracellular membranes through post-translational lipid modifications. Virtually all small GTPases exist in either a GDP-bound or GTP-bound conformation, interacting with specific regulatory and target proteins in a manner dependent on the bound GDP or GTP. In many cases, upstream signals such as receptor-mediated signals stimulate the formation of the GTP-bound conformation, which, in turn, activates downstream targets.

This Special Issue on “Recent Advances in the Regulation and Signaling of Small GTPases” aims to provide new insights into the physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of any kind of signal transducing small GTPases in all types of cells, including bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells. Authors are invited to submit original research and review articles related to these subjects.

Prof. Dr. Takaya Satoh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • cell growth
  • cell motility
  • guanine nucleotide exchange
  • protein–protein interaction
  • signal transduction
  • vesicular transport

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 3413 KiB  
Article
Impaired Insulin Signaling Mediated by the Small GTPase Rac1 in Skeletal Muscle of the Leptin-Deficient Obese Mouse
by Man Piu Chan, Nobuyuki Takenaka and Takaya Satoh
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11531; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411531 - 16 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 897
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is mediated by the glucose transporter GLUT4. The small GTPase Rac1 acts as a switch of signal transduction that regulates GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane following insulin stimulation. However, it remains obscure whether signaling cascades upstream [...] Read more.
Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is mediated by the glucose transporter GLUT4. The small GTPase Rac1 acts as a switch of signal transduction that regulates GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane following insulin stimulation. However, it remains obscure whether signaling cascades upstream and downstream of Rac1 in skeletal muscle are impaired by obesity that causes insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In an attempt to clarify this point, we investigated Rac1 signaling in the leptin-deficient (Lepob/ob) mouse model. Here, we show that insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and Rac1 activation are almost completely abolished in Lepob/ob mouse skeletal muscle. Phosphorylation of the protein kinase Akt2 and plasma membrane translocation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor FLJ00068 following insulin stimulation were also diminished in Lepob/ob mice. On the other hand, the activation of another small GTPase RalA, which acts downstream of Rac1, by the constitutively activated form of Akt2, FLJ00068, or Rac1, was partially abrogated in Lepob/ob mice. Taken together, we conclude that insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is impaired by two mechanisms in Lepob/ob mouse skeletal muscle: one is the complete inhibition of Akt2-mediated activation of Rac1, and the other is the partial inhibition of RalA activation downstream of Rac1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in the Regulation and Signaling of Small GTPases)
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