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Structural Biology of Peptides and Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 2326

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
Interests: protein structure and function; peptides; intermolecular interactions; molecular mechanism of protein functioning; intrinsically disordered protein (IDP); protein toxins; lipid membranes; proteolipid complexes; protein-RNA/DNA complexes; membrane receptors; pathogenic mutations; signal transduction; Alzheimer disease; oncology; structural biology; biophysics; NMR; X-ray; SAXS; molecular dynamics

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Guest Editor
Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow 119435, Russia
Interests: protein structure and function; Alzheimer disease; peptides; lipid membranes; electrophysiology; proteolipid complexes; membrane domains

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Within a century of its discovery, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become a major threat to the health of the mature population, taking its lethal toll alongside cardiovascular impairments and imposing a heavy burden on families, medical care and social systems. AD positively correlates and its putative mechanisms interfere with a number of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.  Current AD treatments mostly focus on alleviating pathological manifestations and behavioral symptoms rather than affecting the underlying processes and the few available exceptions yielded only a limited clinical success. The disease development is determined by complex interactions between diverse factors: biochemistry, general health, environmental, lifestyle and behavioral conditions. AD molecular mechanisms are intriguingly complicated, involving a range of interrelated key players: peptides and proteins (APP, its cleavage products, phosphorylated tau-protein), lipids (cholesterol, sphingolipids, gangliosides), multiple signaling pathways, free radicals (ROS, lipid peroxides) and metal ions (Zn, Cu). This Issue focuses on the roles and interrelations of constitutive proteins and peptides and their potential implications for novel AD treatment strategies. Recent insights into structure and function of structured and intrinsically disordered peptides offer promising opportunities for designing synthetic peptides capable of arresting AD development and progression. Their effectiveness can be augmented by concerted effects on other key players, including targeted lipid, antioxidant and metal ion supplementation.

Dr. Eduard V. Bocharov
Dr. Konstantin Pavlov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Abeta peptides
  • amyloid precursor protein
  • tau protein
  • structure
  • function
  • signaling pathway
  • drug development

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 12570 KiB  
Article
Myelin Basic Protein Attenuates Furin-Mediated Bri2 Cleavage and Postpones Its Membrane Trafficking
by Evgeniya V. Smirnova, Vladimir I. Timofeev, Tatiana V. Rakitina, Dmitry E. Petrenko, Olga S. Elmeeva, George A. Saratov, Anna A. Kudriaeva, Eduard V. Bocharov and Alexey A. Belogurov, Jr.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(5), 2608; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052608 - 23 Feb 2024
Viewed by 677
Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the second most abundant protein in the central nervous system and is responsible for structural maintenance of the myelin sheath covering axons. Previously, we showed that MBP has a more proactive role in the oligodendrocyte homeostasis, interacting with [...] Read more.
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the second most abundant protein in the central nervous system and is responsible for structural maintenance of the myelin sheath covering axons. Previously, we showed that MBP has a more proactive role in the oligodendrocyte homeostasis, interacting with membrane-associated proteins, including integral membrane protein 2B (ITM2B or Bri2) that is associated with familial dementias. Here, we report that the molecular dynamics of the in silico-generated MBP-Bri2 complex revealed that MBP covers a significant portion of the Bri2 ectodomain, assumingly trapping the furin cleavage site, while the surface of the BRICHOS domain, which is responsible for the multimerization and activation of the Bri2 high-molecular-weight oligomer chaperone function, remains unmasked. These observations were supported by the co-expression of MBP with Bri2, its mature form, and disease-associated mutants, which showed that in mammalian cells, MBP indeed modulates the post-translational processing of Bri2 by restriction of the furin-catalyzed release of its C-terminal peptide. Moreover, we showed that the co-expression of MBP and Bri2 also leads to an altered cellular localization of Bri2, restricting its membrane trafficking independently of the MBP-mediated suppression of the Bri2 C-terminal peptide release. Further investigations should elucidate if these observations have physiological meaning in terms of Bri2 as a MBP chaperone activated by the MBP-dependent postponement of Bri2 membrane trafficking. Full article
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17 pages, 4903 KiB  
Article
Interaction of Substrates with γ-Secretase at the Level of Individual Transmembrane Helices—A Methodological Approach
by Theresa M. Pauli, Ayse Julius, Francesco Costa, Sabine Eschrig, Judith Moosmüller, Lea Fischer, Christoph Schanzenbach, Fabian C. Schmidt, Martin Ortner and Dieter Langosch
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 14396; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814396 - 21 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1127
Abstract
Intramembrane proteases, such as γ secretase, typically recruit multiple substrates from an excess of single-span membrane proteins. It is currently unclear to which extent substrate recognition depends on specific interactions of their transmembrane domains (TMDs) with TMDs of a protease. Here, we investigated [...] Read more.
Intramembrane proteases, such as γ secretase, typically recruit multiple substrates from an excess of single-span membrane proteins. It is currently unclear to which extent substrate recognition depends on specific interactions of their transmembrane domains (TMDs) with TMDs of a protease. Here, we investigated a large number of potential pairwise interactions between TMDs of γ secretase and a diverse set of its substrates using two different configurations of BLaTM, a genetic reporter system. Our results reveal significant interactions between TMD2 of presenilin, the enzymatic subunit of γ secretase, and the TMD of the amyloid precursor protein, as well as of several other substrates. Presenilin TMD2 is a prime candidate for substrate recruitment, as has been shown from previous studies. In addition, the amyloid precursor protein TMD enters interactions with presenilin TMD 4 as well as with the TMD of nicastrin. Interestingly, the Gly-rich interfaces between the amyloid precursor protein TMD and presenilin TMDs 2 and 4 are highly similar to its homodimerization interface. In terms of methodology, the economics of the newly developed library-based method could prove to be a useful feature in related future work for identifying heterotypic TMD−TMD interactions within other biological contexts. Full article
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