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Heterogeneity and Precision Oncology in Circulating Tumor Cells

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2024) | Viewed by 3535

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
2. Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
Interests: molecular pathology; cancer; anticancer drugs; cancer marker; drug delivery; cancer pathogenesis

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Guest Editor
Cancer Molecular Pathology, Griffith Medical School, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
Interests: diagnosis of cancer; molecular pathology of cancer; treatment of cancers; endocrine cancer; gastrointestinal cancer; head and neck tumors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a rare subpopulation of cells found in the blood of patients with cancer. CTCs present in the blood have the potential to be used as a liquid biopsy for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy response related to various cancers (e.g., breast, colon, gastric, lung, prostate, and hematological malignancies), in comparison to more conventional forms of tumor tissue biopsies. It is a treatment that is less invasive, more precise, and can be processed rapidly by collecting peripheral blood from the patients. As they share common genetic and/or epigenetic alterations similar to primary/secondary tumors, the real-time sampling of CTCs could provide us with a critical insight into the tumor’s molecular structure (i.e., the heterogeneity of cancer) without resorting to the use of an invasive tissue biopsy, which can be useful in therapy selection and response monitoring in cancer patients. The heterogeneous nature of cancer is associated with inefficient clinical outcomes; therefore, the characterization of CTCs followed by their identification in clinical settings has the potential for use as an effective prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for selecting personalized precision-treatment options, resulting in the improved management of patients with cancer.

Dr. Farhadul Islam
Prof. Dr. Alfred King-Yin Lam
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cancer progression
  • cancer pathogenesis
  • prognostic marker
  • cancer heterogeneity
  • precision oncology
  • circulating tumor cells
  • cancer screening
  • therapy response
  • survival
  • CTC isolation
  • CTC enrichment

Published Papers (2 papers)

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16 pages, 2253 KiB  
Article
Gene Expression Analysis of Immune Regulatory Genes in Circulating Tumour Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma
by Sharmin Aktar, Faysal Bin Hamid, Sujani Madhurika Kodagoda Gamage, Tracie Cheng, Nahal Pakneshan, Cu Tai Lu, Farhadul Islam, Vinod Gopalan and Alfred King-yin Lam
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 5051; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24055051 - 06 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2120 | Correction
Abstract
Information regarding genetic alterations of driver cancer genes in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and their surrounding immune microenvironment nowadays can be employed as a real-time monitoring platform for translational applications such as patient response to therapeutic targets, including immunotherapy. This study aimed to [...] Read more.
Information regarding genetic alterations of driver cancer genes in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and their surrounding immune microenvironment nowadays can be employed as a real-time monitoring platform for translational applications such as patient response to therapeutic targets, including immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the expression profiling of these genes along with immunotherapeutic target molecules in CTCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Expression of p53, APC, KRAS, c-Myc, and immunotherapeutic target molecules PD-L1, CTLA-4, and CD47 in CTCs and PBMCs were analysed by qPCR. Their expression in high versus low CTC-positive patients with CRC was compared and clinicopathological correlations between these patient groups were analysed. CTCs were detected in 61% (38 of 62) of patients with CRC. The presence of higher numbers of CTCs was significantly correlated with advanced cancer stages (p = 0.045) and the subtypes of adenocarcinoma (conventional vs. mucinous, p = 0.019), while being weakly correlated with tumour size (p = 0.051). Patients with lower numbers of CTCs had higher expression of KRAS. Higher KRAS expression in CTCs was negatively correlated with tumour perforation (p = 0.029), lymph node status (p = 0.037), distant metastasis (p = 0.046) and overall staging (p = 0.004). CTLA-4 was highly expressed in both CTCs and PBMCs. In addition, CTLA-4 expression was positively correlated with KRAS (r = 0.6878, p = 0.002) in the enriched CTC fraction. Dysregulation of KRAS in CTCs might evade the immune system by altering the expression of CTLA-4, providing new insights into the selection of therapeutic targets at the onset of the disease. Monitoring CTCs counts, as well as gene expression profiling of PBMCs, can be helpful in predicting tumour progression, patient outcome and treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heterogeneity and Precision Oncology in Circulating Tumor Cells)
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1 pages, 166 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Aktar et al. Gene Expression Analysis of Immune Regulatory Genes in Circulating Tumour Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 5051
by Sharmin Aktar, Faysal Bin Hamid, Sujani Madhurika Kodagoda Gamage, Tracie Cheng, Nahal Pakneshan, Cu Tai Lu, Farhadul Islam, Vinod Gopalan and Alfred King-yin Lam
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11362; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411362 - 12 Jul 2023
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Abstract
Faysal Bin Hamid was not included as an author in the original publication [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heterogeneity and Precision Oncology in Circulating Tumor Cells)
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