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Advances in Experimental and Clinical Aspects of Allergies and Autoimmunity
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Advances in Experimental and Clinical Aspects of Allergies and Autoimmunity

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2024 | Viewed by 2877

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Bryniarski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., 31-121 Krakow, Poland
Interests: contact and delayed-type hypersensitivity; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; immune regulation; immune tolerance; mechanisms underlying hypersensitivity reactions; miRNAs; mouse models of allergy and autoimmunity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Katarzyna Nazimek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St., 31-121 Krakow, Poland
Interests: contact and delayed-type hypersensitivity; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; immune regulation via miRNAs; immune tolerance; macrophages; mechanisms underlying hypersensitivity reactions; mouse models of allergy and autoimmunity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to introduce to you the new Special Issue of the Molecular Immunology Section of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences focused on “Advances in Experimental and Clinical Aspects of Allergies and Autoimmunity”.

Rising rates of allergies and autoimmunity issues have prompted researchers and clinicians to search for novel, efficient and personalized treatment strategies. This requires a better understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying allergic and autoimmune reactions, the investigation of possible methods of regulating/modulating these processes and uncovering the causes behind the increasing incidence of these diseases.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) receive special attention due to their involvement in systemic intercellular communication, including physiological and pathological immune-related conditions. Recent advances in understanding complex biological functions of EVs, miRNAs and lncRNAs have shown them to be promising candidates for creating novel pathways in specific immunotherapies, firstly, by complimenting existing treatments in reducing toxic side effects and increasing the specificity, and, secondly, by altering unwanted immune responses underlying allergic or autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence supports the introduction of monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics into routine clinical practice. Moreover, our knowledge of desensitization-induced immune tolerance/regulatory mechanisms is also currently increasing.

Therefore, this Special Issue aims to present the current advances in our understanding of all, experimental and clinical, aspects of allergies and autoimmunity. We gladly accept articles describing newly discovered mechanisms of immune tolerance induction and uncovering the immunotherapeutic potential of EVs, miRNAs, lncRNAs and biologics in allergies and autoimmunity.

We cordially invite all interested researchers to submit original and review articles covering relevant, basic research and clinical findings so that the Special Issue entitled “Advances in Experimental and Clinical Aspects of Allergies and Autoimmunity: Mechanisms, Therapies and Beyond” can become a platform for sharing experiences between researchers and clinicians.

Please accept our sincerest thanks in advance for participating in this publishing opportunity.

Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Bryniarski
Dr. Katarzyna Nazimek
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced diagnostics
  • extracellular vesicles
  • hypersensitivity
  • immune regulation
  • long noncoding RNA
  • miRNA
  • novel therapeutics
  • research models of allergy and autoimmunity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1609 KiB  
Article
Sialic-Acid-Related Enzymes of B Cells and Monocytes as Novel Markers to Discriminate Improvement Categories and to Fulfill Two Remission Definitions in Rheumatoid Arthritis
by Lieh-Bang Liou, Ping-Han Tsai, Yao-Fan Fang, Yen-Fu Chen, Chih-Chieh Chen and Jenn-Haung Lai
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(16), 12998; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612998 - 20 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1010
Abstract
The enzymes α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal1), neuraminidase 1 (Neu1), α-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 (ST3Gal1), and neuraminidase 3 (Neu3) are known to affect immune cell function. However, it is not known whether the levels of these enzymes relate to remission definitions or differentiate American College of Rheumatology [...] Read more.
The enzymes α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal1), neuraminidase 1 (Neu1), α-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 (ST3Gal1), and neuraminidase 3 (Neu3) are known to affect immune cell function. However, it is not known whether the levels of these enzymes relate to remission definitions or differentiate American College of Rheumatology (ACR), European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR), and Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We measured the ST6Gal1, Neu1, ST3Gal1, and Neu3 levels of B cells and monocytes in RA patients and correlated the cells’ enzyme levels/ratios with the improvement in the ACR, EULAR and SDAI responses and with the two remission definitions. The difference in the B-cell Neu1 levels differed between the ACR 70% improvement and non-improvement groups (p = 0.043), between the EULAR good major response (improvement) and non-good response groups (p = 0.014), and also between the SDAI 50% or 70% improvement and non-improvement groups (p = 0.001 and 0.018, respectively). The same held true when the RA patients were classified by positive rheumatoid factor or the use of biologics. The B-cell Neu1 levels significantly indicated 2005 modified American Rheumatism Association and 2011 ACR/EULAR remission definitions (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.674 with p = 0.001, and AUC = 0.682 with p < 0.001, respectively) in contrast to the CRP and ESR (all AUCs < 0.420). We suggest that B-cell Neu1 is superior for discriminating ACR, EULAR, and SDAI improvement and is good for predicting two kinds of remission definitions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Experimental and Clinical Aspects of Allergies and Autoimmunity)
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16 pages, 5446 KiB  
Article
PPARδ Agonist GW501516 Suppresses the TGF-β-Induced Profibrotic Response of Human Bronchial Fibroblasts from Asthmatic Patients
by Milena Paw, Dawid Wnuk, Zbigniew Madeja and Marta Michalik
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(9), 7721; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097721 - 23 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1458
Abstract
The airway wall remodeling observed in asthma is associated with subepithelial fibrosis and enhanced activation of human bronchial fibroblasts (HBFs) in the fibroblast to myofibroblast transition (FMT), induced mainly by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The relationships between asthma severity, obesity, and hyperlipidemia suggest [...] Read more.
The airway wall remodeling observed in asthma is associated with subepithelial fibrosis and enhanced activation of human bronchial fibroblasts (HBFs) in the fibroblast to myofibroblast transition (FMT), induced mainly by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The relationships between asthma severity, obesity, and hyperlipidemia suggest the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the remodeling of asthmatic bronchi. In this study, we investigated the effect of PPARδ ligands (GW501516 as an agonist, and GSK0660 as an antagonist) on the FMT potential of HBFs derived from asthmatic patients cultured in vitro. This report shows, for the first time, the inhibitory effect of a PPARδ agonist on the number of myofibroblasts and the expression of myofibroblast-related markers—α-smooth muscle actin, collagen 1, tenascin C, and connexin 43—in asthma-related TGF-β-treated HBF populations. We suggest that actin cytoskeleton reorganization and Smad2 transcriptional activity altered by GW501516 lead to the attenuation of the FMT in HBF populations derived from asthmatics. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that a PPARδ agonist stimulates antifibrotic effects in an in vitro model of bronchial subepithelial fibrosis. This suggests its potential role in the development of a possible novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of subepithelial fibrosis during asthma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Experimental and Clinical Aspects of Allergies and Autoimmunity)
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