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Dear Colleagues,

Bone is a dynamic tissue and the molecular mechanisms underlying its remodeling and regeneration are numerous. In orthopedic and maxillofacial surgery, bone tissue regeneration remains a major challenge. Bone defects can be caused by several adverse events (trauma, cancer, infections, congenital diseases or abnormal skeletal development). Several factors involved in bone regeneration process are able to regulate signaling cascades modifying cellular responses such as differentiation and proliferation. Particular interest is focused on the characteristics of bone extracellular matrix and the pathways related to its synthesis.

Nevertheless, there are still many aspects and new pathways to be clarified that could open new perspectives to new therapies aimed at regulating and stimulating bone regeneration.

Moreover, bone regeneration has to be considered part of regenerative medicine, with studies of new biomaterials and effects of physical stimuli such as electomagnetic waves and gravity on cell biology opening new therapeutic perspectives.

Dr. Gianluigi Pasta
Dr. Virginie Sottile
Guest Editors

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Keywords

bone regeneration
bone extracellular matrix
regenerative medicine
biomaterials

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14 pages, 4281 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Biodegradable Tissue Adhesive for Post-Extraction Alveolar Bone Regeneration under Ongoing Anticoagulation—A Microstructural Volumetric Analysis in a Rodent Model

by Marius Heitzer, Philipp Winnand, Mark Ooms, Zuzanna Magnuska, Fabian Kiessling, Eva Miriam Buhl, Frank Hölzle and Ali Modabber

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4210; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084210 - 10 Apr 2024

Viewed by 343

Abstract

In addition to post-extraction bleeding, pronounced alveolar bone resorption is a very common complication after tooth extraction in patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy. The novel, biodegenerative, polyurethane adhesive VIVO has shown a positive effect on soft tissue regeneration and hemostasis. However, the regenerative potential of VIVO in terms of bone regeneration has not yet been explored. The present rodent study compared the post-extraction bone healing of a collagen sponge (COSP) and VIVO in the context of ongoing anticoagulation therapy. According to a split-mouth design, a total of 178 extraction sockets were generated under rivaroxaban treatment, of which 89 extraction sockets were treated with VIVO and 89 with COSP. Post-extraction bone analysis was conducted via in vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) after 5, 10, and 90 days. During the observation time of 90 days, µCT analysis revealed that VIVO and COSP led to significant increases in both bone volume and bone density (p ≤ 0.001). SEM images of the extraction sockets treated with either VIVO or COSP showed bone regeneration in the form of lamellar bone mass. Ratios of Ca/C and Ca/P observed via EDX indicated newly formed bone matrixes in both treatments after 90 days. There were no statistical differences between treatment with VIVO or COSP. The hemostatic agents VIVO and COSP were both able to prevent pronounced bone loss, and both demonstrated a strong positive influence on the bone regeneration of the alveolar ridge post-extraction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Advances Related to Bone Regeneration)

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