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Plant Responses and Tolerance to Temperature Changes
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Plant Responses and Tolerance to Temperature Changes

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 March 2021) | Viewed by 30066

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Carla Caruso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Building E, Largo dell’Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
Interests: plant defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses; role of the phytohormones on plant defense strategies; plant adaptation to harsh environments
Dr. Laura Bertini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
Interests: plant-microbe interaction; plant signal transduction; plant defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses; plant adaptation to harsh environments
Dr. Silvia Proietti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
Interests: role of the phytohormones on plant defense; plant-microbe interaction; plant signal transduction; Arabidopsis; tomato

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, dedicated to “Plant Responses and Tolerance to Temperature Changes”, will cover a range of research topics in this field, from physiological, biochemical, and genetic point of view. Both experimental papers and review articles are welcome.

Global warming represents a big concern due to the big impact on all ecosystems and the consequences of rising temperatures are not waiting for some far-flung future as they are appearing right now. Among other organisms, plants are suffering due to climate change as their growth, development, and productively is generally compromised. As sessile organisms, their survival depends on the efficient activation of the resistance and tolerance responses to high-temperature stress. Therefore, it is of the outmost importance to deepen our knowledge on plant resistance and tolerance mechanisms towards temperature changes.

Specific sub-topics of this Special Issue are as follows:

  • Effect of heat stress on plant physiology, biochemistry, and gene regulation pathways
  • Plant metabolic reprogramming as a consequence of climate change
  • Mechanisms leading to plants tolerant or susceptible to heat stress
  • Plant exogenous protectants conferring tolerance under high temperature stress
  • Role of phytohormones and their crosstalk in plant stress response
  • Crop improvement for heat stress tolerance
  • Production of stress-tolerant crops

Prof. Carla Caruso
Dr. Laura Bertini
Dr. Silvia Proietti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1485 KiB  
Communication
High-Temperature Conditions Promote Soybean Flowering through the Transcriptional Reprograming of Flowering Genes in the Photoperiod Pathway
by Dong Hyeon No, Dongwon Baek, Su Hyeon Lee, Mi Sun Cheong, Hyun Jin Chun, Mi Suk Park, Hyun Min Cho, Byung Jun Jin, Lack Hyeon Lim, Yong Bok Lee, Sang In Shim, Jong-Il Chung and Min Chul Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(3), 1314; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031314 - 28 Jan 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2824
Abstract
Global warming has an impact on crop growth and development. Flowering time is particularly sensitive to environmental factors such as day length and temperature. In this study, we investigated the effects of global warming on flowering using an open-top Climatron chamber, which has [...] Read more.
Global warming has an impact on crop growth and development. Flowering time is particularly sensitive to environmental factors such as day length and temperature. In this study, we investigated the effects of global warming on flowering using an open-top Climatron chamber, which has a higher temperature and CO2 concentration than in the field. Two different soybean cultivars, Williams 82 and IT153414, which exhibited different flowering times, were promoted flowering in the open-top Climatron chamber than in the field. We more specifically examined the expression patterns of soybean flowering genes on the molecular level under high-temperature conditions. The elevated temperature induced the expression of soybean floral activators, GmFT2a and GmFT5a as well as a set of GmCOL genes. In contrast, it suppressed floral repressors, E1 and E2 homologs. Moreover, high-temperature conditions affected the expression of these flowering genes in a day length-independent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that soybean plants properly respond and adapt to changing environments by modulating the expression of a set of flowering genes in the photoperiod pathway for the successful production of seeds and offspring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses and Tolerance to Temperature Changes)
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17 pages, 3290 KiB  
Article
Role of AT1G72910, AT1G72940, and ADR1-LIKE 2 in Plant Immunity under Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay-Compromised Conditions at Low Temperatures
by Zeeshan Nasim, Muhammad Fahim, Katarzyna Gawarecka, Hendry Susila, Suhyun Jin, Geummin Youn and Ji Hoon Ahn
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(21), 7986; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217986 - 27 Oct 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2611
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) removes aberrant transcripts to avoid the accumulation of truncated proteins. NMD regulates nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes to prevent autoimmunity; however, the function of a large number of NLRs still remains poorly understood. Here, we show that three NLR [...] Read more.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) removes aberrant transcripts to avoid the accumulation of truncated proteins. NMD regulates nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes to prevent autoimmunity; however, the function of a large number of NLRs still remains poorly understood. Here, we show that three NLR genes (AT1G72910, AT1G72940, and ADR1-LIKE 2) are important for NMD-mediated regulation of defense signaling at lower temperatures. At 16 °C, the NMD-compromised up-frameshift protein1 (upf1) upf3 mutants showed growth arrest that can be rescued by the artificial miRNA-mediated knockdown of the three NLR genes. mRNA levels of these NLRs are induced by Pseudomonas syringae inoculation and exogenous SA treatment. Mutations in AT1G72910, AT1G72940, and ADR1-LIKE 2 genes resulted in increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae, whereas their overexpression resulted in severely stunted growth, which was dependent on basal disease resistance genes. The NMD-deficient upf1 upf3 mutants accumulated higher levels of NMD signature-containing transcripts from these NLR genes at 16 °C. Furthermore, mRNA degradation kinetics showed that these NMD signature-containing transcripts were more stable in upf1 upf3 mutants. Based on these findings, we propose that AT1G72910, AT1G72940, and ADR1-LIKE 2 are directly regulated by NMD in a temperature-dependent manner and play an important role in modulating plant immunity at lower temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses and Tolerance to Temperature Changes)
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16 pages, 2099 KiB  
Article
Varying Atmospheric CO2 Mediates the Cold-Induced CBF-Dependent Signaling Pathway and Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis
by Jinyoung Y. Barnaby, Joonyup Kim, Mura Jyostna Devi, David H. Fleisher, Mark L. Tucker, Vangimalla R. Reddy and Richard C. Sicher
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(20), 7616; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207616 - 15 Oct 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2636
Abstract
Changes in the stomatal aperture in response to CO2 levels allow plants to manage water usage, optimize CO2 uptake and adjust to environmental stimuli. The current study reports that sub-ambient CO2 up-regulated the low temperature induction of the C-repeat Binding [...] Read more.
Changes in the stomatal aperture in response to CO2 levels allow plants to manage water usage, optimize CO2 uptake and adjust to environmental stimuli. The current study reports that sub-ambient CO2 up-regulated the low temperature induction of the C-repeat Binding Factor (CBF)-dependent cold signaling pathway in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the opposite occurred in response to supra-ambient CO2. Accordingly, cold induction of various downstream cold-responsive genes was modified by CO2 treatments and expression changes were either partially or fully CBF-dependent. Changes in electrolyte leakage during freezing tests were correlated with CO2′s effects on CBF expression. Cold treatments were also performed on Arabidopsis mutants with altered stomatal responses to CO2, i.e., high leaf temperature 1-2 (ht1-2, CO2 hypersensitive) and β-carbonic anhydrase 1 and 4 (ca1ca4, CO2 insensitive). The cold-induced expression of CBF and downstream CBF target genes plus freezing tolerance of ht1-2 was consistently less than that for Col-0, suggesting that HT1 is a positive modulator of cold signaling. The ca1ca4 mutant had diminished CBF expression during cold treatment but the downstream expression of cold-responsive genes was either similar to or greater than that of Col-0. This finding suggested that βCA1/4 modulates the expression of certain cold-responsive genes in a CBF-independent manner. Stomatal conductance measurements demonstrated that low temperatures overrode low CO2-induced stomatal opening and this process was delayed in the cold tolerant mutant, ca1ca4, compared to the cold sensitive mutant, ht1-2. The similar stomatal responses were evident from freezing tolerant line, Ox-CBF, overexpression of CBF3, compared to wild-type ecotype Ws-2. Together, these results indicate that CO2 signaling in stomata and CBF-mediated cold signaling work coordinately in Arabidopsis to manage abiotic stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses and Tolerance to Temperature Changes)
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20 pages, 2592 KiB  
Article
Systematic Analysis of Cold Stress Response and Diurnal Rhythm Using Transcriptome Data in Rice Reveals the Molecular Networks Related to Various Biological Processes
by Woo-Jong Hong, Xu Jiang, Hye Ryun Ahn, Juyoung Choi, Seong-Ryong Kim and Ki-Hong Jung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(18), 6872; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186872 - 19 Sep 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3529
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a staple crop plant that is a major source of calories for approximately 50% of the human population, exhibits various physiological responses against temperature stress. These responses are known mechanisms of flexible adaptation through crosstalk with the intrinsic [...] Read more.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a staple crop plant that is a major source of calories for approximately 50% of the human population, exhibits various physiological responses against temperature stress. These responses are known mechanisms of flexible adaptation through crosstalk with the intrinsic circadian clock. However, the molecular regulatory network underlining this crosstalk remains poorly understood. Therefore, we performed systematic transcriptome data analyses to identify the genes involved in both cold stress responses and diurnal rhythmic patterns. Here, we first identified cold-regulated genes and then identified diurnal rhythmic genes from those (119 cold-upregulated and 346 cold-downregulated genes). We defined cold-responsive diurnal rhythmic genes as CD genes. We further analyzed the functional features of these CD genes through Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses and performed a literature search to identify functionally characterized CD genes. Subsequently, we found that light-harvesting complex proteins involved in photosynthesis strongly associate with the crosstalk. Furthermore, we constructed a protein–protein interaction network encompassing four hub genes and analyzed the roles of the Stay-Green (SGR) gene in regulating crosstalk with sgr mutants. We predict that these findings will provide new insights in understanding the environmental stress response of crop plants against climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses and Tolerance to Temperature Changes)
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Review

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15 pages, 639 KiB  
Review
Roles of Brassinosteroids in Mitigating Heat Stress Damage in Cereal Crops
by Aishwarya Kothari and Jennifer Lachowiec
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(5), 2706; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052706 - 08 Mar 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4752
Abstract
Heat stress causes huge losses in the yield of cereal crops. Temperature influences the rate of plant metabolic and developmental processes that ultimately determine the production of grains, with high temperatures causing a reduction in grain yield and quality. To ensure continued food [...] Read more.
Heat stress causes huge losses in the yield of cereal crops. Temperature influences the rate of plant metabolic and developmental processes that ultimately determine the production of grains, with high temperatures causing a reduction in grain yield and quality. To ensure continued food security, the tolerance of high temperature is rapidly becoming necessary. Brassinosteroids (BR) are a class of plant hormones that impact tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses and regulate cereal growth and fertility. Fine-tuning the action of BR has the potential to increase cereals’ tolerance and acclimation to heat stress and maintain yields. Mechanistically, exogenous applications of BR protect yields through amplifying responses to heat stress and rescuing the expression of growth promoters. Varied BR compounds and differential signaling mechanisms across cereals point to a diversity of mechanisms that can be leveraged to mitigate heat stress. Further, hormone transport and BR interaction with other molecules in plants may be critical to utilizing BR as protective agrochemicals against heat stress. Understanding the interplay between heat stress responses, growth processes and hormone signaling may lead us to a comprehensive dogma of how to tune BR application for optimizing cereal growth under challenging environments in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses and Tolerance to Temperature Changes)
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14 pages, 1749 KiB  
Review
Plant Responses to Heat Stress: Physiology, Transcription, Noncoding RNAs, and Epigenetics
by Jianguo Zhao, Zhaogeng Lu, Li Wang and Biao Jin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(1), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010117 - 24 Dec 2020
Cited by 162 | Viewed by 12447
Abstract
Global warming has increased the frequency of extreme high temperature events. High temperature is a major abiotic stress that limits the growth and production of plants. Therefore, the plant response to heat stress (HS) has been a focus of research. However, the plant [...] Read more.
Global warming has increased the frequency of extreme high temperature events. High temperature is a major abiotic stress that limits the growth and production of plants. Therefore, the plant response to heat stress (HS) has been a focus of research. However, the plant response to HS involves complex physiological traits and molecular or gene networks that are not fully understood. Here, we review recent progress in the physiological (photosynthesis, cell membrane thermostability, oxidative damage, and others), transcriptional, and post-transcriptional (noncoding RNAs) regulation of the plant response to HS. We also summarize advances in understanding of the epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling) and epigenetic memory underlying plant–heat interactions. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of future research in the plant response to HS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses and Tolerance to Temperature Changes)
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