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Biologically Active Phosphorylated Compounds-Analysis, Functions, Synthesis and Applications

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 8348

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Prof. Dr. Roland Wohlgemuth

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MITR, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
Interests: bioeconomy; biocatalysis; glycobiology; metabolomics; industrial biotechnology
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Dear Colleagues,

Natural and anthropogenic biologically active phosphorylated compounds play a central role in the molecular biology of cells and the biochemical flows of phosphorus, ranging from the smallest forms of microbial cells to plant, animal and human cells, to tissues, organisms, ecosystems and planetary boundaries. The diversity of phosphorus bonds in phosphorus-containing compounds already provides a large chemical space for biologically active phosphorylated compounds. Phosphorus–oxygen or phosphorus–nitrogen bonds in phosphorylated small molecules and building blocks are essential in fundamental metabolic pathways, as well as in specific activation, inhibition or regulation at all levels. The exploration of the rich chemistry of phosphorus within the diversity of natural products as well as anthropogenic phosphorus-containing pharmaceuticals has led to great progress and continues to be of great interest. Phosphorus-containing functional groups can be part of an active pharmaceutical ingredient, a drug delivery system or a drug activation system and phosphorus-containing pharmaceuticals have been approved as anti-infectives, as well as oncological, musculoskeletal, and endocrine drugs. Analogs of nucleosides and nucleotides will continue to be essential in the future. This Special Issue highlights the importance of phosphorylated small molecules for the molecular biology of cells by compiling articles and reviews on the analysis, functions, synthesis and applications of biologically active phosphorylated compounds.

Prof. Dr. Roland Wohlgemuth
Guest Editor

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Keywords

phosphorylated metabolites
phosphorus-containing natural products
phosphagens
phospholipids
nucleosides
nucleoside analogs
nucleotides
nucleotide analogs
phosphorus-containing pharmaceuticals
prodrugs

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2289 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Species-Specific Response of Corals to Imbalanced Ratios of Inorganic Nutrients

by Alice C. A. Blanckaert, Tom Biscéré, Renaud Grover and Christine Ferrier-Pagès

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3119; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043119 - 04 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1789

Abstract

Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) is a limiting nutrient in the physiology of scleractinian corals. Anthropogenic addition of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to coastal reefs increases the seawater DIN:DIP ratio and further increases P limitation, which is detrimental to coral health. The effects of imbalanced DIN:DIP ratios on coral physiology require further investigation in coral species other than the most studied branching corals. Here we investigated the nutrient uptake rates, elemental tissue composition and physiology of a foliose stony coral, Turbinaria reniformis, and a soft coral, Sarcophyton glaucum, exposed to four different DIN: DIP ratios (0.5:0.2, 0.5:1, 3:0.2, 3:1). The results show that T. reniformis had high uptake rates of DIN and DIP, proportional to the seawater nutrient concentrations. DIN enrichment alone led to an increase in tissue N content, shifting the tissue N:P ratio towards P limitation. However, S. glaucum had 5 times lower uptake rates and only took up DIN when the seawater was simultaneously enriched with DIP. This double uptake of N and P did not alter tissue stoichiometry. This study allows us to better understand the susceptibility of corals to changes in the DIN:DIP ratio and predict how coral species will respond under eutrophic conditions in the reef. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biologically Active Phosphorylated Compounds-Analysis, Functions, Synthesis and Applications)

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16 pages, 3548 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extracellular Nucleotides Affect the Proangiogenic Behavior of Fibroblasts, Keratinocytes, and Endothelial Cells

by Edyta Węgłowska, Maria Koziołkiewicz, Daria Kamińska, Bartłomiej Grobelski, Dariusz Pawełczak, Marek Kołodziejczyk, Stanisław Bielecki and Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(1), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010238 - 27 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2339

Abstract

Chronic wound healing is currently a severe problem due to its incidence and associated complications. Intensive research is underway on substances that retain their biological activity in the wound microenvironment and stimulate the formation of new blood vessels critical for tissue regeneration. This group includes synthetic compounds with proangiogenic activity. Previously, we identified phosphorothioate analogs of nucleoside 5′-O-monophosphates as multifunctional ligands of P2Y6 and P2Y14 receptors. The effects of a series of unmodified and phosphorothioate nucleotide analogs on the secretion of VEGF from keratinocytes and fibroblasts, as well as their influence on the viability and proliferation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells were analyzed. In addition, the expression profiles of genes encoding nucleotide receptors in tested cell models were also investigated. In this study, we defined thymidine 5′-O-monophosphorothioate (TMPS) as a positive regulator of angiogenesis. Preliminary analyses confirmed the proangiogenic potency of TMPS in vivo. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biologically Active Phosphorylated Compounds-Analysis, Functions, Synthesis and Applications)

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14 pages, 4506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Semi-Automated High-Throughput Substrate Screening Assay for Nucleoside Kinases

by Katja F. Hellendahl, Maryke Fehlau, Sebastian Hans, Peter Neubauer and Anke Kurreck

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 11558; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111558 - 26 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1890

Abstract

Nucleoside kinases (NKs) are key enzymes involved in the in vivo phosphorylation of nucleoside analogues used as drugs to treat cancer or viral infections. Having different specificities, the characterization of NKs is essential for drug design and nucleotide analogue production in an in vitro enzymatic process. Therefore, a fast and reliable substrate screening method for NKs is of great importance. Here, we report on the validation of a well-known luciferase-based assay for the detection of NK activity in a 96-well plate format. The assay was semi-automated using a liquid handling robot. Good linearity was demonstrated (r² > 0.98) in the range of 0–500 µM ATP, and it was shown that alternative phosphate donors like dATP or CTP were also accepted by the luciferase. The developed high-throughput assay revealed comparable results to HPLC analysis. The assay was exemplarily used for the comparison of the substrate spectra of four NKs using 20 (8 natural, 12 modified) substrates. The screening results correlated well with literature data, and additionally, previously unknown substrates were identified for three of the NKs studied. Our results demonstrate that the developed semi-automated high-throughput assay is suitable to identify best performing NKs for a wide range of substrates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biologically Active Phosphorylated Compounds-Analysis, Functions, Synthesis and Applications)

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Review

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29 pages, 4223 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advances in the Synthesis and Analysis of Biologically Active Phosphometabolites

by Roland Wohlgemuth

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3150; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043150 - 05 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1551

Abstract

Phosphorus-containing metabolites cover a large molecular diversity and represent an important domain of small molecules which are highly relevant for life and represent essential interfaces between biology and chemistry, between the biological and abiotic world. The large but not unlimited amount of phosphate minerals on our planet is a key resource for living organisms on our planet, while the accumulation of phosphorus-containing waste is associated with negative effects on ecosystems. Therefore, resource-efficient and circular processes receive increasing attention from different perspectives, from local and regional levels to national and global levels. The molecular and sustainability aspects of a global phosphorus cycle have become of much interest for addressing the phosphorus biochemical flow as a high-risk planetary boundary. Knowledge of balancing the natural phosphorus cycle and the further elucidation of metabolic pathways involving phosphorus is crucial. This requires not only the development of effective new methods for practical discovery, identification, and high-information content analysis, but also for practical synthesis of phosphorus-containing metabolites, for example as standards, as substrates or products of enzymatic reactions, or for discovering novel biological functions. The purpose of this article is to review the advances which have been achieved in the synthesis and analysis of phosphorus-containing metabolites which are biologically active. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biologically Active Phosphorylated Compounds-Analysis, Functions, Synthesis and Applications)

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Biologically Active Phosphorylated Compounds-Analysis, Functions, Synthesis and Applications

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