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New Insights into the Roles of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Tissue Repair/Regeneration

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 8704

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Peter Everts

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
OrthoRegen Group, Max-Planck University, Indaiatuba, São Paulo 13334-170, Brazil
Interests: platelet-rich plasma; bone marrow concentrate; tSVF; orthobiology; regenerative medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapies have been used for various indications for more than 30 years, resulting in considerable interest and discussions in a multitude of medical fields. Despite these encouraging patient-reported outcomes, inconsistencies in patient treatment results have challenged the practicality of PRP clinical applications.

The main focus of the first PRP reviews was on the biological function of platelets, including their mode of action and the effect of PRP on the various stages of the healing cascade in bone and soft tissues. Traditionally, PRP was positioned toward the central role of the various platelet-derived growth factors and leukocytes in the tissue repair processes. Currently, a better understanding of the platelet secretome and the biological effects of PRPs has been established, including platelet dosing, inflammation, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and painkilling effects. Moreover, diverse clinical conditions may demand different PRPs where many potential molecular mechanisms act simultaneously to promote tissue healing and repair.

Therefore, understanding the PRP platelet biological interactions with other cytokines and leukocytes, their trophic effects on stem cell function, and the reinterpretation of some of the platelets’ roles present a challenge to the identification of critical mechanisms behind efficacious PRP therapies. These are some of the challenges we have to address in order to create effective clinical PRP protocols for interventional, non-surgical therapies based in diverse medical fields and indications.

This Special Issue will cover a selection of articles that inform and provide understandings about new insights in PRP biology, addressing the synergy with other cellular components and touch on strategies in PRP application procedures. We welcome you to submit research articles and full reviews to our Special Issue.

Dr. Peter Everts
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • platelet-derived growth factors
  • platelet dosing
  • inflammation
  • immunomodulation
  • angiogenesis
  • painkilling
  • leukocytes
  • trophic effects

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3343 KiB  
Article
Isolation of Platelet-Derived Exosomes from Human Platelet-Rich Plasma: Biochemical and Morphological Characterization
by Miquel Saumell-Esnaola, Diego Delgado, Gontzal García del Caño, Maider Beitia, Joan Sallés, Imanol González-Burguera, Pello Sánchez, Maider López de Jesús, Sergio Barrondo and Mikel Sánchez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2861; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052861 - 5 Mar 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5458
Abstract
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is enriched in molecular messengers with restorative effects on altered tissue environments. Upon activation, platelets release a plethora of growth factors and cytokines, either in free form or encapsulated in exosomes, which have been proven to promote tissue repair and [...] Read more.
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is enriched in molecular messengers with restorative effects on altered tissue environments. Upon activation, platelets release a plethora of growth factors and cytokines, either in free form or encapsulated in exosomes, which have been proven to promote tissue repair and regeneration. Translational research on the potential of exosomes as a safe nanosystem for therapeutic cargo delivery requires standardizing exosome isolation methods along with their molecular and morphological characterization. With this aim, we isolated and characterized the exosomes released by human PRP platelets. Western blot analysis revealed that CaCl2-activated platelets (PLT-Exos-Ca2+) released more exosomes than non-activated ones (PLT-Exos). Moreover, PLT-Exos-Ca2+ exhibited a molecular signature that meets the most up-to-date biochemical criteria for platelet-derived exosomes and possessed morphological features typical of exosomes as assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Array analysis of 105 analytes including growth factors and cytokines showed that PLT-Exos-Ca2+ exhibited lower levels of most analytes compared to PLT-Exos, but relatively higher levels of those consistently validated as components of the protein cargo of platelet exosomes. In summary, the present study provides new insights into the molecular composition of human platelet-derived exosomes and validates a method for isolating highly pure platelet exosomes as a basis for future preclinical studies in regenerative medicine and drug delivery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Roles of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Tissue Repair/Regeneration)
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19 pages, 3922 KiB  
Article
Apheresis Platelet Rich-Plasma for Regenerative Medicine: An In Vitro Study on Osteogenic Potential
by Stefano Pulcini, Lucia Merolle, Chiara Marraccini, Eleonora Quartieri, Daniele Mori, Davide Schiroli, Pamela Berni, Barbara Iotti, Erminia Di Bartolomeo, Roberto Baricchi, Roberto Sala and Thelma A. Pertinhez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(16), 8764; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168764 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2528
Abstract
Background: Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) induces bone regeneration; however, there is low evidence supporting its efficacy in bone healing. The lack of a standardized protocol of administration represents the main obstacle to its use in the clinical routine for bone defects’ treatment. The [...] Read more.
Background: Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) induces bone regeneration; however, there is low evidence supporting its efficacy in bone healing. The lack of a standardized protocol of administration represents the main obstacle to its use in the clinical routine for bone defects’ treatment. The purpose of this study was to characterize PRP and elucidate its osteogenic potential. Methods: Platelet count, fibrinogen levels, and growth factors concentration were measured in PRP obtained by four apheresis procedures. HOB-01-C1, a pre-osteocytic cell line, was used to examine the effects of different PRP dilutions (from 1% to 50%) on cell viability, growth, and differentiation. Gene expression of RUNX2, PHEX, COL1A1, and OCN was also assayed. Results: PRP showed a mean 4.6-fold increase of platelets amount compared to whole blood. Among the 36 proteins evaluated, we found the highest concentrations for PDGF isoforms, EGF, TGF-β and VEGF-D. PDGF-AA positively correlated with platelet counts. In three of the four tested units, 25% PRP induced a growth rate comparable to the positive control (10% FBS); whereas, for all the tested units, 10% PRP treatment sustained differentiation. Conclusions: This study showed that PRP from apheresis stimulates proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteocyte cells through the release of growth factors from platelets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Roles of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Tissue Repair/Regeneration)
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