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Molecular, Cellular Mechanism of Oxidative Stress in Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2024 | Viewed by 5268

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Dr. Stygar Dominika

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Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana Street 19, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
Interests: oxidative stress

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Living organisms are constantly exposed to various environmental and biological stressors, including infection, inflammation, and chronic and civilization diseases. Oxidative stress and a diminished content of endogenous antioxidants in the body increase the vulnerability of tissues and cellular components to reactive oxygen species. The balance between antioxidant and prooxidant compounds at a molecular and cellular level represents a crucial determinant of various physiological processes. The maintenance of this balance is the primary aim of the integrated antioxidant system constructed within the living body. Under stress conditions, the antioxidant defense comprises the cumulative activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Understanding the physiological processes behind oxidative stress in pathophysiological conditions may facilitate the identification of individuals at risk of poor health or adverse welfare outcomes.

This Special Issue, entitled ‘Molecular, Cellular Mechanism of Oxidative Stress in Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions’, aims to collect original articles and systematic reviews addressing various aspects of the modulation of oxidative stress in living organisms.

Dr. Stygar Dominika
Guest Editor

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Keywords

oxidative stress
inflammation
obesity
civilization diseases
molecular mechanism
cellular mechanism
biomarkers
bacterial and viral diseases
environmental stress

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3882 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Human Adenovirus 36 on Embryonated Chicken Eggs: Insights into Growth Mechanisms

by Aleksandra Pogorzelska, Piotr Kuropka, Dominika Stygar, Katarzyna Michalczyk, Elżbieta Chełmecka, Jolanta Zalejska-Fiolka, Agata Kublicka, Paulina Janicka and Barbara Bażanów

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(4), 2341; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042341 - 16 Feb 2024

Viewed by 490

Abstract

Human adenovirus 36 (HAdV-D36) is presently the sole virus identified to be associated with an elevated risk of obesity in both humans and animals. However, its impact on embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) remains unexplored. This study endeavoured to examine the influence of HAdV-D36 on embryonic development by utilizing embryonated chicken eggs as a dynamic model. To simulate various infection routes, the allantoic cavity and the yolk sac of ECEs were inoculated with HAdV-D36. Subsequently, embryos from both the experimental (inoculated with virus) and control (inoculated with PBS) groups were weighed and subjected to daily histological examination. The daily embryo weights were assessed and compared between groups using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Histopathological changes in tissues were examined and compared between the tested and control groups to ascertain physiological alterations induced by the virus. Our study confirmed a significant increase in the body weight of ECEs. However, this phenomenon was not attributable to adipose tissue development; rather, it was characterized by an augmented number of cells in all observed tissues compared to control subjects. We posit that HAdV-D36 may impact developing organisms through mechanisms other than enhanced adipose tissue development. Specifically, our findings indicate an increased number of cells in all tissues, a phenomenon that occurs through an as-yet-unexplored pathway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular, Cellular Mechanism of Oxidative Stress in Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions)

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17 pages, 34948 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improved Glycaemic Control and Nephroprotective Effects of Empagliflozin and Paricalcitol Co-Therapy in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

by Abdulrahman Mujalli, Wesam F. Farrash, Ahmad A. Obaid, Anmar A. Khan, Riyad A. Almaimani, Shakir Idris, Mohamed E. Elzubier, Elshiekh Babiker A. Khidir, Akhmed Aslam, Faisal Minshawi, Mohammad A. Alobaidy, Adel B. Alharbi, Hussain A. Almasmoum, Mazen Ghaith, Khalid Alqethami and Bassem Refaat

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(24), 17380; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417380 - 12 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1335

Abstract

Herein, we measured the antidiabetic and nephroprotective effects of the sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (empagliflozin; SGLT2i) and synthetic active vitamin D (paricalcitol; Pcal) mono- and co-therapy against diabetic nephropathy (DN). Fifty mice were assigned into negative (NC) and positive (PC) control, SGLT2i, Pcal, and SGLT2i+Pcal groups. Following establishment of DN, SGLT2i (5.1 mg/kg/day) and/or Pcal (0.5 µg/kg/day) were used in the designated groups (5 times/week/day). DN was affirmed in the PC group by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, polyuria, proteinuria, elevated urine protein/creatinine ratio, and abnormal renal biochemical parameters. Renal SREBP-1 lipogenic molecule, adipokines (leptin/resistin), pro-oxidant (MDA/H₂O₂), pro-inflammatory (IL1β/IL6/TNF-α), tissue damage (iNOS/TGF-β1/NGAL/KIM-1), and apoptosis (TUNEL/Caspase-3) markers also increased in the PC group. In contrast, renal lipolytic (PPARα/PPARγ), adiponectin, antioxidant (GSH/GPx1/SOD1/CAT), and anti-inflammatory (IL10) molecules decreased in the PC group. Both monotherapies increased insulin levels and mitigated hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, renal and urine biochemical profiles alongside renal lipid regulatory molecules, inflammation, and oxidative stress. While SGLT2i monotherapy showed superior effects to Pcal, their combination demonstrated enhanced remedial actions related to metabolic control alongside renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In conclusion, SGLT2i was better than Pcal monotherapy against DN, and their combination revealed better nephroprotection, plausibly by enhanced glycaemic control with boosted renal antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular, Cellular Mechanism of Oxidative Stress in Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions)

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14 pages, 2714 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Liver Oxidative Status, Serum Lipids Levels after Bariatric Surgery and High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet in Animal Model of Induced Obesity

by Wojciech Kazura, Katarzyna Michalczyk, Bronisława Skrzep-Poloczek, Elżbieta Chełmecka, Jolanta Zalejska-Fiolka, Marek Michalski, Michał Kukla, Jerzy Jochem, Jakub Rutkowski and Dominika Stygar

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(22), 16535; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216535 - 20 Nov 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 786

Abstract

Nutritional status is a major determinant of hepatocyte injuries associated with changed metabolism and oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the relations between oxidative stress, bariatric surgery, and a high-fat/high-sugar (HFS) diet in a diet-induced obesity rat model. Male rats were maintained on a control diet (CD) or high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFS) inducing obesity. After 8 weeks, the animals underwent SHAM (n = 14) or DJOS (n = 14) surgery and the diet was either changed or unchanged. Eight weeks after the surgeries, the activity of superoxide dismutase isoforms (total SOD, MnSOD, and CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and lutathione S-transferase, as well as the thiol groups (-SH) concentration, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative stress (TOS) levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration liver tissue were assessed. The total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were measured in the serum. The total SOD and GPX activities were higher in the SHAM-operated rats than in the DJOS-operated rats. The MnSOD activity was higher in the HFS/HFS than the CD/CD groups. Higher CuZnSOD, GST, GR activities, -SH, and MDA concentrations in the liver, and the triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in the serum were observed in the SHAM-operated rats than in the DJOS-operated rats. The CAT activity was significantly higher in the HFS-fed rats. Lower TAC and higher TOS values were observed in the SHAM-operated rats. Unhealthy habits after bariatric surgery may be responsible for treatment failure and establishing an obesity condition with increased oxidative stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular, Cellular Mechanism of Oxidative Stress in Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions)

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11 pages, 1517 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mediterranean Diet and Oxidative Stress: A Relationship with Pain Perception in Endometriosis

by Michela Cirillo, Flavia Rita Argento, Matteo Becatti, Claudia Fiorillo, Maria Elisabetta Coccia and Cinzia Fatini

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(19), 14601; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914601 - 27 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1905

Abstract

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic and inflammatory disease associated with pelvic pain. Dietary changes may be therapeutic for chronic inflammatory processes, reducing visceral input. The aim was to evaluate the role of dietary changes according to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) on pain perception in endometriosis and their relationship with oxidative stress. Methods: in this prospective study, we included 35 endometriosis women. At baseline (T0) and after 3 (T1) and 6 (T2) months from the start of the diet, we investigated pain intensity with VAS (Visual Analogue Scale, from 0 to 10), vitamin profile, and oxidative stress. Results: we found a significant increase in the diet score (p < 0.001). At T1, patients reduced pain in terms of dyspareunia (p = 0.04), non-menstrual pelvic pain (p = 0.06), dysuria (p = 0.04), and dyschezia (p < 0.001). Dyspareunia (p = 0.002) and dyschezia (p < 0.001) were further significantly reduced also at T2. We observed a significant positive correlation between lipid peroxidation and VAS non-menstrual pelvic pain and dysuria and a significant negative correlation between Oxygen radical absorbance capacity and VAS non-menstrual pain and dyschezia. Conclusions: our findings show a clear tendency toward a relationship between pain relief in endometriosis and MD. This appears promising to treat endometriosis-related symptoms and could be considered a new effective strategy for chronic pain management in the long term. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular, Cellular Mechanism of Oxidative Stress in Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions)

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